National Academies Press: OpenBook

Global Security Engagement: A New Model for Cooperative Threat Reduction (2009)

Chapter: Appendix J: Congressional Guidelines and Corresponding Findings and Recommendations

« Previous: Appendix I: Department of Defense Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs
Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Congressional Guidelines and Corresponding Findings and Recommendations." National Academy of Sciences. 2009. Global Security Engagement: A New Model for Cooperative Threat Reduction. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12583.
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Page 163
Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Congressional Guidelines and Corresponding Findings and Recommendations." National Academy of Sciences. 2009. Global Security Engagement: A New Model for Cooperative Threat Reduction. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12583.
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Page 164
Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Congressional Guidelines and Corresponding Findings and Recommendations." National Academy of Sciences. 2009. Global Security Engagement: A New Model for Cooperative Threat Reduction. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12583.
×
Page 165
Suggested Citation:"Appendix J: Congressional Guidelines and Corresponding Findings and Recommendations." National Academy of Sciences. 2009. Global Security Engagement: A New Model for Cooperative Threat Reduction. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12583.
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Page 166

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Appendix J Congressional Guidelines and Corresponding Findings and Recommendations Corresponding Findings and Congressional Guidelines Recommendations 1. Programs should be well coordinated Findings 1-2; 2-5; 2-10; 3-2; 3-4; 4-2 with the Department of Energy, the Department of State, and any other Recommendations 1-1; 2-1; 3-1; 3-1a; 4-1 relevant United States Government agency or department. 2. Programs will include appropriate Findings 1-5; 2-6; 3-1; 3-3; 3-5; 3-7 transparency and accountability mechanisms, and legal frameworks and Recommendations 3-1b; 3-3; 3-3a; 3-3b; 3-3c agreements between the United States and Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) partner countries. 3. Programs should reflect engagement Findings 2-7; 2-8; 2-9; 2-10; 2-11; 3-3; 3-4; with nongovernment experts on 3-7 possible new options for the CTR program. Recommendations 3-1a; 3-2; 4-1 163

164 APPENDIX J 4. Programs should include work with Findings 1-2; 1-4; 2-4; 2-5; 2-6; 2-12; 3-4; the Russian Federation and other 3-6; 3-8 countries to establish strong CTR partnerships. Among other things, Recommendations 3-1b; 3-2; 3-3b these partnerships should: (i) increase the role of scientists and government officials of CTR partner countries in designing CTR programs and projects; (ii) increase financial contributions and additional commitments to CTR programs and projects from Russia and other partner countries, as appropriate, as evidence that the programs and projects reflect national priorities and will be sustainable. 5. Programs should include broader Findings 1-2; 1-4; 1-6; 2-2; 2-3; 2-4; 2-8; 2-11; international cooperation and 2-12; 3-3; 3-4; 3-6; 3-7 partnerships, and increased international contributions. Recommendations 1-1; 3-1b 6. Programs should incorporate a Findings 1-4; 2-3; 2-4; 2-12; 3-3; 3-4; 4-3 strong focus on national programs and sustainability, which includes Recommendations 2-1; 3-3; 3-3c actions to address concerns raised and recommendations made by the Government Accountability Office, in its report of February 2007, titled “Progress Made in Improving Security at Russian Nuclear Sites, but the Long-Term Sustainability of U.S. Funded Security Upgrades is Uncertain,” which pertain to the Department of Defense. 7. Efforts should continue to focus on Chapter 4 the development of CTR programs and projects that secure nuclear weapons; secure and eliminate chemical and biological weapons and weapons- related materials; and eliminate nuclear, chemical, and biological weapons-related delivery vehicles and infrastructure at the source.

APPENDIX J 165 8. There should be efforts to develop Findings 1-1; 1-2; 1-3; 1-4; 1-6; 2-2; 2-3; 2-4; new CTR programs and projects 2-8; 2-11; 2-12; 3-3; 3-4; 3-6; 3-7; 4-3 in Russia and the former Soviet Union, and in countries and regions Recommendations 1-1; 3-1b outside the former Soviet Union, as appropriate and in the interest of United States national security.

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The government's first Cooperative Threat Reduction (CTR) programs were created in 1991 to eliminate the former Soviet Union's nuclear, chemical, and other weapons and prevent their proliferation. The programs have accomplished a great deal: deactivating thousands of nuclear warheads, neutralizing chemical weapons, converting weapons facilities for peaceful use, and redirecting the work of former weapons scientists and engineers, among other efforts. Originally designed to deal with immediate post-Cold War challenges, the programs must be expanded to other regions and fundamentally redesigned as an active tool of foreign policy that can address contemporary threats from groups that are that are agile, networked, and adaptable. As requested by Congress, Global Security Engagement proposes how this goal can best be achieved.

To meet the magnitude of new security challenges, particularly at the nexus of weapons of mass destruction and terrorism, Global Security Engagement recommends a new, more flexible, and responsive model that will draw on a broader range of partners than current programs have. The White House, working across the Executive Branch and with Congress, must lead this effort.

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