B

Bariatric surgery, 141–142, 271

Basal metabolic rate, 135–138, 139

Basal oxygen consumption, 83

Bioimpedance analysis, 78

Biomarker predictors of birth outcomes, 156

Birth certificates

GWG and prepregnancy BMI data from, 29–33

recommendations for revision, 5, 33, 66

shortcomings of data from, 30

Birth weight

child health outcomes, 198

classification, 86, 87, 206–207

determinants, 206

fetal growth and, 206

genetic factors in, 129–133

gestational age and, 87, 88f

high altitude effects, 117

infants born to incarcerated mothers, 154

maternal body composition and, 102

maternal body water accretion and, 78

maternal plasma volume and, 78

maternal substance use and, 151

maternal weight gain and, 73f, 198, 208–211

multiple fetus pregnancies, 88–89

optimal, 86

patterns and trends, 57, 58f, 87–88

prepregnancy weight and, 73f, 207

rate of GWG and, 76–77

See also Large-for-gestational age infants;

Low-birth weight babies;

Small-for-gestational age infants

Bone mineral, 80–83

Breast cancer, 186, 227–228, 230

Breastfeeding

GWG-related outcomes, 187, 216–217

trends, 62

See also Lactation

Bulimia nervosa, 140–141

C

Caloric intake, 48

Cancer, GWG and

birth weight and, 227

evidence for linkage, 186, 227–228, 230

hormonal system, 227–228

recommendations for research, 8, 188

Carbohydrate metabolism, 95

Cardiovascular health

long-term outcomes of GWG, 185, 186–187

maternal changes during pregnancy, 92–93

recommendations for research, 8, 188

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, 9, 270

Cesarean delivery

evidence for GWG linkage, 186, 187

as GWG-related outcome, 7, 180–181

maternal obesity and, 54–55, 72, 180–181

risks for women of small stature, 3

trends, 54, 65

Childhood health

allergy/asthma, 226–227

cancer, 227–228, 230

long-term outcomes, 258–259

neurodevelopmental, 222–226, 229, 230

recommendations for research, 8, 230–231

See also Childhood obesity;

Infant health

Childhood obesity

acculturation effects, 114

associated health risks, 199–201

developmental programming model, 198–199

GWG linkage, 199–201, 230

as GWG-related outcome, 7, 15, 216, 217–221, 229, 230

infant weight gain patterns and, 216

maternal glucose metabolism and, 200

trends, 62–63, 64f

Cholesterol, 97

Chorionicity, in multiple fetus pregnancies, 88, 89

Clinical Guidelines on the Identification, Evaluation, and Treatment of Overweight and Obesity in Adults, 16

Cocaine use, 152

Cognitive functioning

GWG outcomes in childhood, 225–226

neurodevelopmental outcomes of SGA infants, 222–225

Contraceptive services, 9, 270, 276

Corticosteroid-binding globulin, 93

Front Matter (R1-R14)

Summary (1-12)

1 Setting the Stage for Revising Pregnancy Weight Guidelines: Conceptual Framework (13-24)

2 Descriptive Epidemiology and Trends (25-70)

3 Composition and Components of Gestational Weight Gain: Physiology and Metabolism (71-110)

4 Determinants of Gestational Weight Gain (111-172)

5 Consequences of Gestational Weight Gain for the Mother (173-194)

6 Consequences of Gestational Weight Gain for the Child (195-240)

7 Determining Optimal Weight Gain (241-262)

8 Approaches to Achieving Recommended Gestational Weight Gain (263-280)

9 Open Session and Workshop Agendas (281-286)

10 Committee Member Biographical Sketches (287-294)

Appendix A: Acronyms and Abbreviations, Glossary, and Supplemental Information (295-314)

Appendix B: Supplementary Information on Nutritional Intake (315-328)

Appendix C: Supplementary Information on Composition and Components of Gestational Weight Gain (329-364)

Appendix D: Summary of Determinants of Gestational Weight Gain (365-388)

Appendix E: Results from the Evidence-Based Report on Outcomes of Maternal Weight Gain (389-640)

Appendix F: Data Tables (641-706)

Appendix G: Consultant Reports (707-842)

Index (843-854)