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Countering Biological Threats: Challenges for the Department of Defense’s Nonproliferation Program Beyond the Former Soviet Union
Appendix K
Relevant Studies
REPORTS OF NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL STUDIES
Institute of Medicine Board on Global Health. 2006. Globalization, Biosecurity, and the Future of the Life Sciences. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Available online at www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11567. Accessed February 9, 2009.
Institute of Medicine Committee for the Assessment of DOD-GEIS Influenza Surveillance and Response Programs. 2007. Review of the DOD-GEIS Influenza Programs: Strengthening Global Surveillance and Response. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Available online at www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11974. Accessed February 9, 2009.
Institute of Medicine Forum on Microbial Threats. 2008. Vector-Borne Diseases: Understanding the Environmental, Human Health, and Ecological Connections, Workshop Summary. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Available online at books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11950. Accessed January 7, 2009.
National Research Council Committee on Biological Threats to Agricultural Plants and Animals. 2003. Countering Agricultural Bioterrorism. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Available online at www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10505. Accessed November 29, 2008.
National Research Council Committee on International Outreach Activities on Biosecurity; Development, Security, and Cooperation. 2008. The 2nd International Forum on Biosecurity: Summary of an International Meeting, Budapest, Hungary, March 30–April 2. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Available online at books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12525. Accessed January 7, 2009.
National Research Council Committee on Methodological Improvements to the Department of Homeland Security’s Biological Agent Risk Analysis. 2008. Department of Homeland Security Bioterrorism Risk Assessment: A Call for Change. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Available online at www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12206. Accessed January 14, 2009.
National Research Council Committee on Prevention of Proliferation of Biological Weapons. 2007. The Biological Threat Reduction Program of the Department of Defense: From Foreign Assistance to Sustainable Partnerships. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Available online at books.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=12005. Accessed November 29, 2008.
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National Research Council Committee on Research Standards and Practices to Prevent the Destructive Application of Biotechnology. 2004. Biotechnology Research in an Age of Terrorism. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Available online at www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=10827. Accessed November 29, 2008.
National Research Council Committee on Science and Technology for Countering Terrorism. 2002. Countering Bioterrorism: The Role of Science and Technology. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Available online at books.nap.edu/openbook.php?isbn=0309086078. Accessed November 29, 2008.
National Research Council Forum on Microbial Threats, S. Lemon, M. Hamburg, P. Sparling, E. Choffnes, and A. Mack, rapporteurs. 2007. Global Infectious Disease Surveillance and Detection: Assessing the Challenges—Finding Solutions. Workshop Summary. Washington, D.C.: The National Academies Press. Available online at www.nap.edu/catalog.php?record_id=11996. Accessed February 9, 2009.
U.S. GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS
Benkert, J. A. 2008. Cooperative Threat Reduction Program and the Proliferation Security Initiative. Hearing of the Senate Committee on Armed Services: Subcommittee on Emerging Threats and Capabilities, Washington, D.C., April 2. Available online at armed-services.senate.gov/statemnt/2008/April/Benkert%2004-02-08.pdf.
Gootnick, D. 2007. U.S. Agencies Support Programs to Build Overseas Capacity for Infectious Disease Surveillance. Washington, D.C.: Government Accountability Office. Available online at hsgac.senate.gov/public/_files/GootnickTestimony.pdf. Accessed February 9, 2009.
Homeland Security Council. 2006. National Strategy for Combating Terrorism. Available online at www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nsct/2006/. Accessed December 2, 2008.
National Intelligence Council. 2004. Mapping the Global Future: Report of the National Intelligence Council’s 2020 Project. NIC 2004-13. Washington, D.C.: Office of the Director of National Intelligence. Available online at www.foia.cia.gov/2020/2020.pdf. Accessed February 9, 2009.
National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity. 2007. Proposed Framework for the Oversight of Dual-Use Life Science Research: Strategies for Minimizing the Potential Misuse of Research Information. Bethesda, MD: Department of Health and Human Services. Available online at oba.od.nih.gov/biosecurity/pdf/Framework%20for%20transmittal%200807_Sept07.pdf. Accessed February 9, 2009.
National Science Advisory Board for Biosecurity. 2006. Draft Guidance Documents. Available online at oba.od.nih.gov/biosecurity/PDF/NSABB_Draft_Guidance_Documents_27Sep06_(12_11_2006).pdf. Accessed November 29, 2008.
National Security Council. 2006. National Security Strategy. Presidential Decision Directive NSTC-7. 1996. Washington, D.C.: Executive Office of the President.
Serafino, N. M., C. Dale, et al. 2008. The Department of Defense Role in Foreign Assistance: Background, Major Issues, and Options for Congress. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Available online at www.fas.org/sgp/crs/natsec/RL34639.pdf. Accessed November 29, 2008.
U.S. Department of Defense. 2007. DOD Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System Annual Report Fiscal Year 2006. Silver Spring, MD: DOD-GEIS. Available online at www.geis.fhp.osd.mil/GEIS/aboutGEIS/annualreports/GEIS_06_LR.pdf. Accessed February 9, 2009.
U.S. Department of Defense. 2008. Annual Report to Congress on Cooperative Threat Reduction. Arlington, VA: Department of Defense. Available online at www.partnershipforglobalsecurity.org/documents/fy08_ctr_annual_report.pdf. Accessed February 9, 2009.
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U.S. Department of Defense. 2008. Global Emerging Infections Surveillance and Response System. Silver Spring, MD: DOD-GEIS. Available online at www.geis.fhp.osd.mil/GEIS/aboutGEIS/annualreports/GEIS07AR.pdf. Accessed November 29, 2008.
U.S. Department of State. 2008. Country Reports on Terrorism 2007. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Available online at www.state.gov/documents/organization/105904.pdf. Accessed January 13, 2009.
U.S. Department of State Bureau of International Security and Nonproliferation. 2008. Nonproliferation and Disarmament Fund. Available online at www.state.gov/t/isn/ndf/. Accessed February 19, 2008.
U.S. Department of State Bureau of Nonproliferation. 2005. United States Initiatives to Prevent Proliferation. Washington, D.C.: Department of State. Available online at www.state.gov/documents/organization/47000.pdf. Accessed December 5, 2008.
U.S. Government Accountability Office. 2005. Nonproliferation Programs Need Better Integration. Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office. Available online at www.gao.gov/new.items/d05157.pdf. Accessed February 9, 2009.
U.S. Government Accountability Office. 2007. U.S. Agencies Support Programs to Build Overseas Capacity for Infectious Disease Surveillance. Available online at www.gao.gov/new.items/d071186.pdf. Accessed November 29, 2008.
White House. 2004. Biodefense for the 21st Century. Washington, D.C.: White House Press Office. Available online at www.whitehouse.gov/homeland/20040430.html. Accessed November 29, 2008.
Woolf, A. F. 2004. Expanding Threat Reduction and Nonproliferation Programs: Concepts and Definitions. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Available online at www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/crs/rs21840.pdf. Accessed February 9, 2009.
Woolf, A. F. 2008. Nonproliferation and Threat Reduction Assistance: U.S. Programs in the Former Soviet Union. Washington, D.C.: Congressional Research Service. Available online at fas.org/sgp/crs/nuke/RL31957.pdf. Accessed February 9, 2009.
REPORTS OF OTHER STUDIES
Anthony, I. 2004. Reducing Threats at the Source: A European Perspective on Cooperative Threat Reduction. New York: Oxford University Press. Available online at books.sipri.org/files/RR/SIPRIRR19.pdf. Accessed February 9, 2009.
Anthony, I. 2004. The Role of the EU in International Non-proliferation and Disarmament Assistance. Geneva Center for Security Policy Occasional Paper Series No. 44. Available online at www.gcsp.ch/e/publications/Security_Challenges/WMD/Occ_Papers/44-Anthony.pdf. Accessed December 5, 2008.
Biotechnology Industry Organization. 2008. Science for Life, Bioethics Statement of Principles. Available online at www.bio.org/bioethics/background/principles.asp. Accessed October 17, 2008.
Burgess, S. F., and H. E. Purkitt. 2001. The Rollback of South Africa’s Chemical and Biological Warfare Program. Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama: U.S. Air Force Counterproliferation Center. Available online at www.au.af.mil/au/awc/awcgate/cpc-pubs/southafrica.pdf. Accessed February 9, 2009.
Clunan, A. L., P. R. Lavoy, and S. B. Martin, eds. 2008. Terrorism, War, or Disease? Unraveling the Use of Biological Weapons. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
Finlay, B. D., E. Turpen, and F. Kellett. 2008. Manufacturing Possibility: Expanding Resources to Meet Global Challenges, Promote Economic Development, Support Innovation, and Prevent Proliferation. Washington, D.C.: The Henry L. Stimson Center. Available online at www.stimson.org/cnp/pdf/Manufacturing_Possibility.pdf. Accessed November 29, 2008.
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Frew, S. E., H. E. Kettler, and P. A. Singer. 2008. The Indian and Chinese health biotechnology industries: Potential champions of global health. Health Affairs 27(4):12. Available online at content.healthaffairs.org/cgi/reprint/27/4/1029?ijkey=CQKhyuVY79Vng&keytype=ref&siteid=healthaff. Accessed February 9, 2009.
Global Partnership Against the Proliferation of Weapons and Materials of Mass Destruction. 2007. Report on the G8 Global Partnership. Available online at www.g-8.de/nsc_true/Content/EN/Artikel/__g8-summit/anlagen/gp-report-final,templateId=raw,property=publicationFile.pdf/gp-report-final. Accessed February 9, 2009.
Hoffman, B. 2006. Inside Terrorism. New York: Columbia University Press.
International Federation of Pharmaceutical Manufacturers & Associations. 2007. Partnerships to Build Healthier Societies in the Developing World. Geneva: IFPMA. Available online at www.canadapharma.org/Pubs/International/IFPMA%20Building%20Healthier%20ENG%202007.pdf. Accessed November 29, 2008.
Kellman, B. 2007. Bioviolence: Preventing Biological Terror and Crime. New York: Cambridge University Press. Available online at www.cambridge.org/catalogue/catalogue.asp?isbn=9780511339936. Accessed November 29, 2008.
Lackie, J. 2007. Reported Accomplishments of Selected Threat Reduction and Nonproliferation Programs, by Agency, for Fiscal Year 2006. Washington, D.C.: Partnership for Global Security. Available online at www.partnershipforglobalsecurity.org/documents/2007_accomplishments.pdf. Accessed February 9, 2009.
Martellini, M. 2004. Internationalizing and Expanding Cooperative Threat Reduction Programs. Geneva: United Nations. Available online at www.partnershipforglobalsecurity.org/PDFFrameset.asp?PDF=martellini_speech.pdf. Accessed February 9, 2009.
Merritt, G. 2005. Next Generation Threat Reduction: Bioterrorism’s Challenges and Solutions. Brussels: New Defence Agenda. Available online at www.securitydefenceagenda.org/Portals/7/Reports/2005/Next_Generation_Threat_Reduction_January_25.pdf. Accessed February 9, 2009.
Royal Society. 2008. Royal Society Activities on Reducing the Risk of the Misuse of Scientific Research. London: The Royal Society. Available online at royalsociety.org/displaypagedoc.asp?id=31055. Accessed November 29, 2008.
Trapp, R. 2008. Advances in science and technology and the chemical weapons convention. Arms Control Today 38(2):18-22. Available online at www.armscontrol.org/act/2008_03/Trapp. Accessed February 9, 2009.
United Nations. 2008. Implementing Resolution 1540: The Role of Regional Organizations. New York: United Nations. Available online at www.unidir.org/bdd/fiche-ouvrage.php?ref_ouvrage=978-92-9045-190-7-en. Accessed November 29, 2008. United Nations Conference on Trade and Development, Division on Investment Technology and
Enterprise Development. 2002. Key Issues in Biotechnology. New York and Geneva: United Nations. Available online at www.unctad.org/en/docs/poitetebd10.en.pdf. Accessed November 29, 2008.
World Bank. 2007. Healthy Development: The World Bank Strategy for Health, Nutrition, and Population Results. Available online at siteresources.worldbank.org/HEALTHNUTRITIONANDPOPULATION/Resources/281627-1154048816360/HNPStrategyFINALApril302007.pdf. Accessed November 30, 2008.