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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2009. Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12615.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2009. Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12615.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2009. Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12615.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2009. Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12615.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2009. Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12615.
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Page 159
Suggested Citation:"Index." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2009. Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12615.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2009. Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12615.
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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Academy of Sciences, National Academy of Engineering, and Institute of Medicine. 2009. Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12615.
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Index A metadata and, 25, 26, 70, 85 methods or programs used to derive data, Access to research data. See also Open; 6, 63-64, 81, 85, 89 Sharing data national security issues, 5, 68-69, 83, 134, Bermuda statement, 60 136 confidentiality or privacy considerations, 5, OECD principles and guidelines, 59, 62 67 ownership issues, 5-6, 21, 73-79, 85-86, costs of limiting access, 70-71, 77-78 134, 135-136, 137, 138 cross-discipline diversity in, 5, 27, 63-64, Paris Guidelines, 88, 89 88, 90, 136 principles for enhancing access, 6, 82, 84- cyberinfrastructure and, 61-62, 83-84, 87, 86, 87, 88-90, 120 135 private/commercial interests, 6, 19, 26, 48, data mining tools, 20-21 69, 71-73, 86, 134-135 data professional’s role, 90 professional organizations and, 91, 116-117 definition of accessibility, 26 public policy interests, 18, 71-73, 135, 141 economic considerations, 26, 59, 69-70, publicly funded research, 6, 74, 76-77, 78, 71-72, 85, 87, 89, 141 80, 82, 83, 84, 85, 92-93, 141 educational considerations, 70 raw data, 80 federal policies, 48-49, 60-61, 62, 68-69, recommendations, 6-7, 87, 88, 90, 91 74, 78-79, 82-83, 91-92, 116-117 and reproducibility, 81, 93 geographic data and services, 75-76, 133- research field responsibilities, 87, 88-90, 134, 135-136, 138 136 institutional and research sponsor researcher responsibilities, 7, 85, 86-87, responsibilities, 7, 87, 90-91, 116-117, 116-117, 136 119 Air Force Office of Scientific Research, 52-53 and integrity of data, 5, 26, 42, 46-47, 63, Amazon, 106 64, 70, 81-82, 89, 137 America COMPETES Act of 2007, 82 international dimensions, 17, 35, 64, 66, American Association for the Advancement of 70, 75, 76-77, 79, 83-84 Science, 144-145 journal policies, 21, 38, 43, 61, 65, 78-79, American Association of Universities, 118 82-83, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 116-117, American Chemical Society, 39 135 American Economic Review, 39, 65 legal issues, 67, 71, 75, 80-82, 85, 141 American Geophysical Union, 38, 39 155

156 INDEX Andrew W. Mellon Foundation, 101, 107, 112 research, 17-18, 20, 35, 63, 64, 66, 96, 101 Annals of Internal Medicine, 93 stewardship, 103, 113 Arabidopsis Information Resource, 30 Committee on Data for Science and Arts and Humanities Data Service (UK), 66 Technology, 84 arXiv publication repository, 102 Committee on Government Relations, 118 Association of American Universities, 91 Committee on Institutional Cooperation, 118 Association of Public and Land-Grant Condensed-matter physics, 45 Universities, 91 Confidentiality or privacy considerations, 5, Association of Research Libraries, 91 67, 140 Astrobiology, 28 Consolidated Appropriations Act Astronomical sciences, 14-15, 16, 17, 64, 66, of 2001, 82 95, 141 of 2008, 79 Automatic Plate Measuring Facility, 14 Copyrights, 73, 74-75, 76, 78, 79, 85, 100, 140-141 Cornell University, 102 B Cosmic Background Explorer, 14 Cosmic Background Imager, 14 Bayh-Dole Act of 1980, 76 Council of Graduate Schools, 55 Bell Laboratories, 45 Council of Science Editors, 37 Biomedical Informatics Grid, 61 Council on Government Relations, 91 Biomedical Informatics Research Network, Creative Commons, 76 20, 61 Cyberinfrastructure Biomedical research, 68, 86, 93. See also and access to data, 61-62, 83-84, 87, 135 Clinical and stewardship, 9, 95, 96, 99-106, 113 Bit Torrent, 89 Blue Ribbon Task Force on Sustainable Digital Preservation and Access, 107, 113 D Boeing, 105 Boomerang (balloon-borne millimeter-wave Data, defined, 23 telescope), 14 Data Access Act of 1999, 80-81, 92 Data collections. See Databases Data Explorer program, 83 C Data management. See also Stewardship institutional plans, 92-93, 98, 110 Canadian Department of National Defence, principles and guidelines, 88-90, 133-134 105 training in, 56 CC0 protocol, 76 Data mining tools, 20-21 Cell Centered Database, 20 Data producers. See also Researchers Center for Astrophysics, 14 defined, 40 CERN (European Center for Nuclear integrity-related responsibilities, 40, 42 Research), 13, 16, 34 Data professionals Chaotic motion, 41 and access to data, 92 Charge-coupled devices, 11 and integrity of data, 5, 50, 57-58 Chemical crystallography, 66 researcher collaborations with, 57-58 China, Scientific Data Sharing Project, 84 responsibilities, 3, 50, 58 Climate sciences, 66, 71-72, 82, 96, 134 Data providers Clinical research, 2, 4, 47, 48-49, 141. See also defined, 41 Biomedical integrity-related responsibilities, 41, 42 Cloud computing, 61 Data users Collaborative defined, 41 data-sharing networks, 15, 17-18, 64, 84, and integrity of research results, 41, 42 111

INDEX 157 Databases and repositories. See also E Stewardship; individual databases access to, 73, 83 Earth Observing System, 17 defined, 29 Ecological Society of America, 39, 111, 112, developmental questions about, 21 113 disciplinary depositories, 27, 100, 102 Economic issues, 21, 22, 26, 43, 44, 59, 69-70, integrity of data, 21, 46, 50 71-72, 85, 87, 89, 98-99, 105-106, 113 ownership issues, 73-74, 140-141 Economics research, 47, 50, 64, 65, 105-106 reference collections, 29, 30 Educational considerations, 70 research collections, 29, 30 Employment Responses to Global Markets resource collections, 29, 30 data, 105-106 for supporting data, 89 Environmental sciences, 17, 104, 133-134, tools for building, 100-101 137, 139 Digital data. See also Research data; individual European Community Directive on the Legal disciplines Protection of Databases, 75 ownership, 73 European Southern Observatory, 64 projected growth, 12, 13 Experimental data, 1, 13, 16, 17, 20, 22, 23, quantity, 1, 11-12, 13, 29, 84-85 26, 27, 29, 35, 40, 42, 45, 64, 67, 109, risks to reliability, 96-99 136 transfer rates, 11 Extramural grants, federal policies on, 52-53 trends, 14-15 units of size, 11, 12 Digital Millennium Copyright Act of 1998, F 75, 140 Federal policies Digital networks, 83-84 on access, 48-49, 60-61, 62, 68-69, 74, 78- Digital technology 79, 82-83, 91-92 in astronomy, 14-15 on integrity, 52-53 challenges posed by, 1-2, 19, 22, 74-75 on stewardship, 79, 104-106, 113, 133-134, computing power, 11-12, 20 137 and copyrights, 74-75 Federation of American Societies for education impacts, 18 Experimental Biology, 38, 39 and integrity of data, 1, 3-4, 21, 33-34, 37, Fischer, Paul, 71-72 44, 46-50 Fluxes Over Snow Surfaces Project, 30 in neurosciences, 20-21 Food and Drug Administration, 48 public policy implications, 18 Fostering Integrity in Research, Scholarship, research impacts, 1, 12-18, 20-21, 34-35, and Teaching, 56 44, 51, 55-56, 57-58, 85, 139, 140 Freedom of Information Act, 80 sensors and sensor networks, 11, 16-17 simulations and mathematical modeling, 1, 17, 20 G and stewardship, 1-2, 19, 22, 27 storage devices, 11 Galaxy Redshift Surveys, 14 Diversity of data Galaxy Surveys, 14 in collection types, 29, 30 GenBank, 3, 46, 47, 52, 83, 104 cross-disciplinary, 27-28 Gene expression data, 20 in origins, 28-29 General Accounting Office, 81 DNA. See also Genomic data Genomic data, 16, 20, 60-61, 69, 77-78, 95, “junk,” 41 96, 134, 136 Geographic data and services, 75-76, 133-134, 135-136 Georgia Open Records Act, 71 Geosciences, 98, 138

158 INDEX GlaxoSmithKline Clinical Trial Register, 48 metadata and, 42, 46, 50 Global Biodiversity Information Facility, 84 open and public reviews, 46 Global Earth Observation System of Systems, in particle physics, 34-35, 47 84 peer review, 2, 3, 7, 22 n.17, 24, 33, 35, 39, Google, 106 42, 43-44, 46-47, 52, 55, 79, 133, 137 Government Accountability Office, 82 principle, 4, 51, 120 Government-Industry Data Exchange producer’s role, 40, 42, 116 Program, 105 provider’s role, 41, 42, 116 Grid computing, 61 quality control measures, 35, 44-50, 138 recommendations, 4-5, 54, 57, 58 and reproducibility of research results, 2, H 26, 29, 33, 45 researchers’ obligations, 26, 39-40, 45, 51- Health Insurance Portability and 54, 116, 119, 133 Accountability Act, 68, 110 standards, 25, 35-36, 44, 45, 50, 54-55, 56- Health records data, 49, 68 57, 138, 142 High-energy physics. See Particle physics threats to, 2-3, 19, 33-34, 39-40, 96-99 Howard Hughes Medical Institute, 77 training for researchers, 4-5, 44, 54-56 Human Brain Dynamics Resource data, 105 user’s role, 41, 42, 116 Humanities research, 66 Interagency Working Group on Digital Data, Hwang, Woo Suk, 44 9, 107-108 Interdisciplinary research, 1, 6-7, 9, 17, 28, 44, 57, 60, 70, 141 I Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IDEALS repository, 102-103 72 Information Quality Act of 2001, 80, 81, 82, International Council of Scientific Unions, 84 137 International dimensions of access, 17, 35, 64, Institute of Electrical and Electronics 66, 70, 75, 76-77, 79, 83-84 Engineers, 39 International Federation of Digital Institute of Medicine, 55 Seismograph Networks, 84 Integrity of research data International Geophysical Year, 83 accessibility and, 5, 26, 42, 46-47, 63, 64, International Nucleotide Sequence Database 70, 81-82, 137 Collaboration, 84 in clinical research, 2, 4, 47, 48-49, 141 International Virtual Observatory Alliance, 84 collective scrutiny of data and results, 41- Inter-University Consortium for Political and 43, 47 Social Research, 99-101, 102, 113 contextual documentation, 3, 42-43, 45, Intramural research, federal policies, 52-53 46-47, 63-64 Invisible colleges, 28 data professionals’ responsibilities and Ithaka, 112 roles, 5, 50, 57-58, 116 decentralized approach, 57 defined, 2, 25-26 J digital technology to enhance reliability, 1, Journal of Cell Biology, 35-37, 39, 40, 150-153 3-4, 21, 33-34, 37, 44, 46-50 Journals economic issues, 43, 44 access policies, 21, 38, 43, 61, 65, 78-79, economics research, 47, 50 82-83, 87, 89, 90, 91, 92, 93, 135 federal policies, 52-53, 116, 137 confirmatory studies in, 65 inappropriate manipulation, 3, 5, 35-36, copyrights, 78-79 37, 38-39, 40, 44 data manipulation policies, 3, 5, 35-37, 38, journal policies, 3, 5, 35-37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 39, 40, 43 116 as data providers, 41

INDEX 159 ethics and scientific misconduct policies, N 38 integrity policies, 35-37, 38, 39, 40, 43, 56, National Aeronautics and Space 65 Administration, 17, 52-53, 64, 105, 138 letters requesting this study, 143-153 National Archives and Records open access, 46 n.16, 78-79, 83 Administration, 135 peer-reviewed, 43 National Association of State Universities and responsibilities of, 119-120 Land-Grant Colleges, 118 stewardship role, 21, 106, 113, 117 National Center for Biotechnology JSTOR, 112 Information, 95-96, 104 National Commons and Marketplace in Geographic Information, 76 L National Ecological Data Center, 112 National Ecological Observatory Network, Laboratory Management Institute, 55 16-17 Large Hadron Collider, 13, 16, 34-35 National Institute for Technology and Liberal Large Synoptic Survey Telescope, 13, 14, 15 Education, 103 Las Campanas Redshift Survey, 14 National Institute of Standards and Legal issues, 67, 71, 75, 80-82, 85 Technology, 52-53 Library of Congress, 112, 113 National Institutes of Health, 52-53, 54-55, 78, Licensing, 75-76, 77-78, 135-136 79, 82-83, 90-91, 99, 100, 102 Lick Observatory, 14 National Library of Medicine, 79, 83, 104 Life sciences, 23 n.18, 59, 60-61, 64, 66, 69, National Oceanographic and Atmospheric 77-78, 88, 95-96, 134, 136, 141 Administration, 104, 133-134 Lockheed Martin, 105 National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 64 National Postdoctoral Association, 55 National Research Council, 9, 59-60, 64, 67- M 69, 72, 75-76, 77-78, 80-81, 82, 98, 104, 108, 111 Manipulation of data, inappropriate, 3, 5, 35- National Science and Technology Council, 36, 37, 38-39, 40, 44 107-108 Mann, Michael, 71-72 National Science Board, 29, 30 Marine fisheries data, 139 National Science Foundation, 16-17, 24, 52, Medical College of Georgia, 71 82, 99, 100, 102, 104, 107 Merck, 86 National Security Decision Directive 189, Metadata 68-69 access issues, 25, 26, 70, 85 National security issues, 5, 68-69, 83, 134, 136 defined, 24 National Virtual Observatory, 15, 105, 138 importance, 42 Natural Environment Research Council (UK), and integrity of research data, 42, 46, 50 66 providers, 21 Nature, 37, 38, 46, 109-110 standards, 24 Network for Earthquake Engineering stewardship, 95, 110 Simulation, 16-17 Misconduct. See Research misconduct Neurosciences, 13, 20-21, 99, 105 Molecular and Cellular Proteomics, 89 New England Journal of Medicine, 39 Molecular Dynamics Simulation Data, 105 Moore, Gordon, 11 Moore’s law, 11, 96 Multidisciplinary research, 28 O myGrid, 61 Observational data, 2, 17, 22, 23, 26, 28, 33, 40, 42, 48, 64, 67, 106, 109

160 INDEX Office of Management and Budget, 22 n.17, Proceedings of the National Academy of 52, 69, 80, 81, 82 Sciences, 37, 38 Office of Naval Research, 52-53 Processed data Office of Science and Technology Policy, defined, 25 36-37 integrity, 1, 25, 33-34 Omnibus Appropriations Act of 2009, 79 Professional organizations, 91, 111-112, Open-access 117, 119-120. See also individual academic policies, 91 organizations corporate/private platforms, 86 Protein Data Bank, 30, 105 journals, 78-79, 91 Proteomics research, 77-78, 89, 134 public policies, 82-83, 85, 91 Public Library of Science (PLoS), 78-79 repositories, 83 Public policies on access, 52-53, 66, 78-79, Open-knowledge environments, 62-63 82-83, 133-134 Open-notebook science, 63 Public policy interests, 18, 71-73, 135 Open reviews, 46 Publicly funded research, 6, 74, 76-77, 78, 80, Open-source software, 62-63 82, 83, 84, 85, 92-93 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and PubMed, 60 Development (OECD), 59, 62, 84 Ownership issues academic research, 69, 77 Q copyrights, 73, 74-75, 76, 78, 79, 85, 100, Quality control and quality assurance, 35, 44- 140-141 50. See also Integrity of research data database protections, 73-74, 75, 76, 140-141 digital technologies and, 74-75 fair use exceptions, 74 R journals, 78-79 Raw data licensing, 75-76, 77-78, 135-136 access to, 15, 74, 80 patents, 6, 25, 69, 76-78, 85-86, 134 defined, 25 publicly funded research, 74, 76-77, 78 stewardship, 25, 45, 106 trade secrecy, 77 Raytheon, 105 Reagan, Ronald, 68 Recommendations P access to data, 6-7, 87, 88, 90, 91 integrity of research data, 4-5, 54, 57, 58 Palimpsest, 106 stewardship, 8-9, 110, 111, 113 Paris Guidelines, 88, 89 Remote sensing data, 40, 75, 138, 139 Particle physics, 12-13, 34-35, 42, 47, 64, 131 Reproducibility of research results Patents, 6, 25, 69, 76-78, 85-86, 134 access to data and, 81, 93 Peer review, 2, 3, 7, 22 n.17, 24, 33, 35, 39, 42, defined, 81 43-44, 46-47, 52, 55, 79, 133, 137 integrity of data and, 2, 26, 29, 33, 45 Pennsylvania State University, 71 Research Councils of the United Kingdom, 84 Physics, 27, 45, 102. See also Particle physics Research data. See also Digital data; individual Planck survey, 14 disciplines Plate tectonics, 41 definitions, 22-24 Portico, 106 Research Information Network (UK), 64, 66 Principles Research institutions and sponsors, access to data, 6, 82, 120 responsibilities of, 7, 9, 56-57, 87, integrity of data, 4, 51, 120 90-91, 100-103, 110, 112-113, 117, stewardship, 8, 109, 120 118-119, 139 Private/commercial interests, 6, 19, 26, 48, 69, 71-73, 86, 106, 134-135

INDEX 161 Research misconduct in life sciences, 23 n.18, 59, 60-61, 64, 66, access to supporting data and, 63 69, 77-78, 88, 134, 136, 141 defined, 36-37 norm differences of research fields, 6-7, examples, 44, 45 63-64, 66, 88, 90 training, 52 in particle physics, 64 Researchers protocols and standards, 7, 83, 87, 88-90, access-related responsibilities, 7, 85, 86-87, 92, 139 116-117, 118, 136 public policies, 52-53, 66, 78-79, 82-83, collaborations with data professionals, 133-134 57-58 in social sciences, 65, 66, 68, 100-101, 135 integrity-related obligations, 26, 39-40, 45, UPSIDE principle, 64, 67-68, 86 51-54, 116, 133 Shelby, Richard, 80 professional standards, 54, 56-57 Simulations and mathematical modeling, 1, 17, stewardship role, 8-9, 45, 99-100, 109-112, 20, 22, 23, 28, 40, 42, 46, 61, 105, 106 117 SkyServer Web site, 14 training in conduct of research, 4-5, 44, Sloan Digital Sky Survey, 3, 14-15, 46, 47, 95, 54-56, 118 105 R.J. Reynolds Co., 71 Social network modeling, 17 Rockefeller University Press, 35, 38 Social sciences, 22, 27, 65, 66, 68, 98, 100-101, Roles and responsibilities 135, 142 assigning, 115 Standards journals, 119-120 for access, 7, 83, 87, 88-90, 92 professional societies, 119-120 for integrity of research data, 25, 35-36, 44, research institutions, 118-119 45, 50, 54-55, 56-57 research sponsors, 119 for stewardship, 8-9, 111 researchers, 115-118 Stewardship of research data. See also Rural Economy and Land Use Program (UK), Databases 66 annotating data for long-term use, 8, 21, 22, 25, 95, 99, 106-107, 110 in astronomy, 95 S for broad research enterprise, 107-108 challenges, 8, 103 Sage, 86 collaborations, 103, 113 San Diego Supercomputer Center, 105 companies, 106 Schön, Jan Hendrik, 45 defined, 27, 95 Science, 38, 44, 144-149 disciplinary depositories, 27, 100, 102 Science Commons, 76 economic issues, 7-8, 21, 22, 98-99, 105- Seoul National University, 44 106, 113, 119 Sharing data. See also Access; Databases, ESA initiative, 112 Open exchanges of data, 105 in astronomy, 15, 64, 66 federal agencies, data centers, and digital barriers to, 1, 5-7, 19, 26, 28, 60, 63-70, 76, archives, 79, 104-106, 113, 117, 133- 85, 88, 135, 137, 139, 141, 142 134, 135, 137 benefits, 5, 20, 59-62, 70, 142 in geosciences, 98, 138 in biomedical research, 68, 86, 93 infrastructure and incentives, 9, 95, 96, in chemical crystallography, 66 99-106, 113 in climate sciences, 66, 71-72, 82, 134 institutions and research sponsors, 9, 100- collaborative efforts, 15, 17-18, 64, 84, 111 103, 110, 112-113, 117, 119, 139 contextual documentation, 65, 66, 67 international participation, 111 in economics, 64, 65 journals, 21, 106, 113, 117 in humanities, 66 in life sciences, 95-96 incentives for, 90-91 loss and underutilization problems, 96-99

162 INDEX metadata, 95, 110 University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, old vs. new data, 98, 138 102-103 oversight board, 111 University of Konstanz, 45 ownership issues, 9, 99 University of Minnesota, 56 principle for enhancing, 8, 109, 120 Utility of research data, defined, 27. See also professional societies and, 111-112, 117 Access; Integrity; Stewardship raw data, 25, 45, 106 U.S. Department of Agriculture, 52-53 recommendations, 8-9, 110, 111, 113 U.S. Department of Commerce, 52-53 researchers and, 8-9, 45, 99-100, 109-112, U.S. Department of Energy, 52-53, 83, 105 117 U.S. Department of Health and Human simulation-related models and software Services, 52, 55 tools, 28 U.S. Department of Veterans’ Affairs, 49 in social sciences, 98, 100-101 U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 52-53, standards development, 8-9, 111 133 technology changes and, 1-2, 19, 22, 27 U.S. Patent and Trademark Office, 78 training in, 119 UPSIDE principle, 64, 67-68, 86 SumsDB, 20-21 Sustainable Digital Data Preservation and Access Network (DataNet) program, V 104-105 Virtual team science, 61 Visible and Infrared Telescope for Astronomy, 14 T Terminology accessibility, 26 W integrity, 25-26 WebCaret, 20-21 metadata, 24 Wellcome Trust, 61, 83 processed data, 25 Wikis, 46, 63 raw data, 25 Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, 14 research data, 22-24 World Data Center system, 83 standardization of, 49 World Intellectual Property Organization stewardship, 27 treaty, 75 Trace Archive, 95, 96 Training for researchers, 54-56 Tranche, 89 Two-degree–Field (2dF) Galaxy Redshift Y Survey, 14 Yale University, 150-153 U University of California at Davis, 55 University of California at San Diego, 105

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As digital technologies are expanding the power and reach of research, they are also raising complex issues. These include complications in ensuring the validity of research data; standards that do not keep pace with the high rate of innovation; restrictions on data sharing that reduce the ability of researchers to verify results and build on previous research; and huge increases in the amount of data being generated, creating severe challenges in preserving that data for long-term use.

Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age examines the consequences of the changes affecting research data with respect to three issues - integrity, accessibility, and stewardship-and finds a need for a new approach to the design and the management of research projects. The report recommends that all researchers receive appropriate training in the management of research data, and calls on researchers to make all research data, methods, and other information underlying results publicly accessible in a timely manner. The book also sees the stewardship of research data as a critical long-term task for the research enterprise and its stakeholders. Individual researchers, research institutions, research sponsors, professional societies, and journals involved in scientific, engineering, and medical research will find this book an essential guide to the principles affecting research data in the digital age.

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