. "2 Ensuring the Integrity of Research Data." Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2009.
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Ensuring the Integrity, Accessibility, and Stewardship of Research Data in the Digital Age
TABLE 2-1 Analysis of Journal Policies
Nature
Science
PNAS
Data and methods access
Does the journal require that all data be made available on request to journal editors and reviewers?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Does the journal require deposition of data in a public repository?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Are authors required to provide algorithms or computer programs used in the collection, report, or analysis of data?
No
No
No
Image manipulation
Is image manipulation prohibited?
No
No
No
Does the journal require that image manipulation be reported?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Does the journal require that digital techniques be applied to the entire image?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Does the journal use software tests to detect image manipulation?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ethics and Scientific Misconduct
Is there a specified ethical statement?
Yes
Yes
Yes
Does the journal have a scientific misconduct investigation or reporting policy in place?
KEY: PNAS=Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences; JCB=Journal of Cell Biology and other Rockefeller University Press; NEJM=New England Journal of Medicine; ACS=American Chemical Society journals; AGU=American Geophysical Union journals; FASEB=Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology journals; IEEE=Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers journals; ESA=Ecological Society of America journals; AER=American Economic Review
aFASEB is reviewing their policies as this goes to press.
b The authors have to provide the editors with their data and programs AFTER acceptance for publication (data and programs are then posted to a public repository); authors are not required to provide data and other information to reviewers.
cFor certain studies only.
d Only if the author wishes to cite the data must it be in a public depository. AGU does strongly encourage all authors to deposit their data but it is not a requirement for publication.
eEncouraged.
tigation of the matter (e.g., ORI [Office of Research Integrity]).”7 In practice, however, an editor may be reluctant to initiate action that could have disciplinary consequences.8
Another question is whether the high incidence of inappropriate manipulation of images in the above example reflects a lack of experience with applying
7
Editorial Policy Committee. 2006. CSE’s White Paper on Promoting Integrity in Scientific Journal Publications. Reston, VA: Council of Science Editors, p. 50.
8
D. Butler. 2008. “Entire-paper plagiarism caught by software.” Nature News 455:715.
