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Engineering in K–12 Education: Understanding the Status and Improving the Prospects
abstraction, 136
benefits of engineering education, 53
critical thinking, 93
current understanding of engineering education, 140 –141
design process approach to problem-solving, 4 , 37 , 39 –41
engineering habits of mind, 5 –6 , 152
experimentation and testing, 137 –140
implications for engineering education, 23
multivariable analysis, 128 –130 , 138
optimization concepts, student capacity for understanding, 128
recognition of emergent properties, 125 –127
role of modeling, 88
scientific inquiry, 39 –41
structure-behavior-function analysis, 122 –125
systems thinking, 5 , 42 , 91 –92
systems thinking, student capacity for, 122 –127
trade-offs, student capacity to understand, 130 –133
Coherence in educational systems, 12 , 163 –164
Collaboration
in current engineering curricula, 85
as engineering habit of mind, 5 , 152
in engineering profession, 31
in research and development, 20
shortcomings of current STEM education, 20
College of New Jersey, 110
Colorado State University, 110
Communication
as engineering habit of mind, 5 , 152
goals of education for engineering profession, 31
Computer-aided design, 133
Computer modeling, 87
Constraints influencing design, 25 , 38 , 39 –40 , 43 , 86 –87
Core engineering concepts and skills, 22 –23 , 41 –43 , 76 –77 , 119 –121
drawing and representing, 133 –137
effective teaching strategies, 140 –142
experimenting and testing, 137 –141
necessary skills, 133
See also Optimization of design;
Systems thinking
Creativity, 5 , 152
Credentialing for engineering education, 9
Critical thinking, 93
Cunningham, Christine, 112
Curricula, K–12 engineering
beads and thread model, 76 –77
benefits of engineering instruction in math and science achievement, 53 –55
case studies, 169 –179
current shortcomings, 7 –8 , 20 , 155 –156
data sources, 72 –73
demographic diversity in, 101 –103 , 161
descriptive summaries of, 74 , 75 –76
design process in, 82 –92
educational goals, 92 –94
implementation and costs, 95 –99
in-depth reviews of, 74 –76
mathematics content, 77 –80
modeling in, 87
optimization in, 89
programs reviewed, 74 , 94 –95
recommendations for diversity promotion, 10 , 161
recommendations for research, 7 , 154 –155
research objectives, 3 , 21 , 71
science content, 80 –81
state-mandated standards, 163
STEM connections in, 8 , 157
strategies for incorporating engineering education, 10 –11 , 162 –164
systems concepts in, 91 –92
teaching approaches with, 94 , 99 –101
technology content, 82
trade-offs in, 89 –90
variety of programs, 76