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OCR for page 63
Sustainable Critical Infrastruture Systems: A Framework for Meeting 21st Century Imperatives - Report of a Workshop
D
Summary of Workshop Outcomes
TOWARD SUSTAINABLE INFRASTRUCTURE SYSTEMS: WORKSHOP OUTCOMES
The discussions at the May workshop yielded many ideas and themes, or outcomes. The workshop outcomes are summarized below.
Introduction
Many communities are facing challenges in maintaining and upgrading one or more of the basic services for their citizens (water, transportation, power, communications, wastewater).
Reasons for the challenges
Needs are changing.
New approaches are available but not well known.
Existing organizational structures impede coordination.
Result
Each community is “reinventing the wheel.”
There is risk of potential suboptimal solutions across the full set of infrastructure services (e.g., corn as biofuel provides power but threatens water supply and land quality).
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Sustainable Critical Infrastruture Systems: A Framework for Meeting 21st Century Imperatives - Report of a Workshop
Opportunity
Leverage current knowledge and experience across communities.
Coordinate the development of new approaches.
Coordinate implementation across communities, regions, and United States as a whole.
New approach: Infrastructure as—
Service
Provides critical functionality for civil society and commerce.
Provides a basis for quality of life, well-being, and safety.
Focuses on use rather than means of delivering.
Region
Reflects actual system aspects of infrastructure (does not stop at community borders).
Reflects links among communities for economic development, social equity, and environmental bearing capacity—at local, regional, national levels.
Interdependence
Reflects functional and locational interdependence among infrastructure systems.
For example:
Water pumping and treatment requires power.
Power often requires water (for cooling, steam, etc.).
Power and telecommunications lines and water piping often run along transportation corridors.
Reflects opportunities for further developments for sustainable infrastructure that explicitly take advantage of the integration of infrastructure systems to provide critical services.
For example:
Parking lots that generate electricity through photovoltaic coatings
Wastewater treatment plants that use biofuel cells to generate electricity
Localized gray water capture, treatment, and reuse with locally generated power
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Sustainable Critical Infrastruture Systems: A Framework for Meeting 21st Century Imperatives - Report of a Workshop
Conditions for Developing Sustainable Infrastructure Solutions
Process
Policy and planning
Process for allocating funding
Rational
Transparent
With respect to regional and national planning
Champions for infrastructure services at community, regional, and national levels
Flexible and adaptive policies with respect to economic, social, and environmental changes over time
Balance of real cost to provide services and public good value (e.g., public health, commerce)
Assessment of public “equity” in infrastructure assets—as reflected in property values, market activity, and so on
Utilization of demand management (e.g., eliminate waste, increase efficiency)
Partnership among private, public, and nonprofit sectors
Coordination/leverage of centralized and/or multi-nodal infrastructure systems with respect to
Disaster resiliency and
Flexibility in demand response
Decision making
Transparency of infrastructure decision making
Community, regional, and national reconciliation of infrastructure service needs and capacity—systemic, geospatial, strategic
Decisions and solutions to enhance current infrastructure capacity with respect to community and regional economic development, environmental capacity, and social equity
All-sector involvement (public, private, nongovernmental organizations, community)
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Public dialogue and communication
Awareness of current infrastructure service capacity and vulnerabilities
Constant user feedback on condition, capacity, use, costs, and benefits of infrastructure systems
Recognized link of infrastructure services to economic development, social equity, and environmental regeneration
Local and regional dialogue on priorities, resources, and plans for infrastructure services (including resiliency and adaptiveness)
K-12 hands-on projects, simulation games, and other activities on the built and natural environments (i.e., infrastructure services and ecosystems)
Professional training with respect to current and emerging sustainable infrastructure services—local and regional capacity building
Executive sessions on the role of infrastructure services in organizational strategy and tactics
Structure
Financial
Alignment of cost and value of infrastructure services—structure of user, community, regional fees
Investment in new capacity to meet emerging and expected needs for infrastructure services
Investment in upgrades of existing infrastructure systems to meet current and expected needs
Clear designation of responsibilities, authorities, and financial means for delivery, operations, maintenance, and upgrade for infrastructure services over the lives of systems
All-sector involvement (public, private, nongovernmental organizations, community)
Legal
Congruence in planning and operation with respect to the physical distribution of infrastructure systems
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Regional integration of organizations that manage or oversee infrastructure systems and services
Insurance or warranty with respect to resiliency of infrastructure services for community and region
Mechanisms for international agreements, collaboration with respect to infrastructure services and ecosystem impacts
Performance
Technological
Investment in current, emerging, and “radical” technological developments
Effectiveness
Timescale
Assessment and strategy for technology readiness
International collaboration and information dissemination
Modeling and real-time monitoring systems of infrastructure services (condition, capacity, use, cost, benefit, impacts)
Scientific Evidence and Metrics
Performance criteria
Physical
Economic
Cost
Benefit
Development
Secondary and tertiary impacts
Social
Environment and ecosystems
Life-cycle analysis
Timescale to reflect life of asset
Multisector impacts
Environmental footprint
Secondary and tertiary impacts
Analysis of systemic risks—especially with respect to interdependencies
Reliability
Robustness
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Balance of human needs and bearing capacity of ecosystems
Trade-offs and priorities among and between infrastructure services and their underlying systems
All-hazards approach (cascading failures, differential vulnerabilities, etc.) with respect to potential disruptions, acceptable risks, climate change, and so on
Scale of infrastructure services and systems (e.g., spatial, organizational)
Existing Resources and Programs
Previous U.S. programs
New York Regional Plan
Interstate highway system
Fragile Foundations report
Current national activities and programs
Pending congressional bills
Regional agreements
Local and state activities and programs
Local (e.g., Cambridge Energy Alliance: nonprofit foundation, local government, private companies, universities and hospitals, citizens)
State (e.g., Hawaii renewable energy investment program)
National laboratories
Professional associations
American Water Works Association and others
American Society of Civil Engineers’ infrastructure report card
Conclusions/Summary
Focus on the future
Focus on the possible
Focus on starting the journey now, and learning as we go—
Leverage current activities and programs and capabilities
Marshal knowledge, creativity, and engagement across all regions, sectors, and levels