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OCR for page R1
Severe Space Weather Events–Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report
EXTENDED SUMMARY
SEVERE SPACE WEATHER EVENTS—UNDERSTANDING SOCIETAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS
A WORKSHOP REPORT
Committee on the Societal and Economic Impacts of Severe Space Weather Events: A Workshop
Space Studies Board
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
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Severe Space Weather Events–Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
This booklet is based on the report Severe Space Weather Events—Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report (The National Academies Press, Washington, D.C., 2008). Material in the booklet was derived from and largely reproduces material from the original report, with additions limited to factual details intended to provide illustrative background information. Neither document offers advice that should be construed as conclusions or recommendations of the National Research Council or of the agency that provided support for the project.
The project of which this booklet is a part was supported by Contract NNH06CE15B between the National Academy of Sciences and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration.
The Committee on the Societal and Economic Impacts of Severe Space Weather Events: A Workshop extends special thanks to member William S. Lewis, who prepared the text of the booklet, and to Estelle Miller of the National Academies Press, who did the design and layout.
Cover: (Upper left) A looping eruptive prominence blasted out from a powerful active region on July 29, 2005, and within an hour had broken away from the Sun. Active regions are areas of strong magnetic forces. Image courtesy of SOHO, a project of international cooperation between the European Space Agency and NASA.
International Standard Book Number 13: 978-0-309-13811-6
International Standard Book Number 10: 0-309-13811-6
Copies of this booklet are available free of charge from:
Space Studies Board
National Research Council
500 Fifth Street, N.W.
Washington, DC 20001
Additional copies of this booklet are available for purchase from the
National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu.
Copyright 2009 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
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Severe Space Weather Events–Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
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Severe Space Weather Events–Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report
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Severe Space Weather Events–Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report
COMMITTEE ON THE SOCIETAL AND ECONOMIC IMPACTS OF SEVERE SPACE WEATHER EVENTS: A WORKSHOP
DANIEL N. BAKER,
University of Colorado at Boulder,
Chair
ROBERTA BALSTAD,
Center for International Earth Science Information Network, Columbia University
J. MICHAEL BODEAU,
Northrop Grumman Space Technology
EUGENE CAMERON,
United Airlines, Inc.
JOSEPH F. FENNELL,
Aerospace Corporation
GENENE M. FISHER,
American Meteorological Society
KEVIN F. FORBES,
Catholic University of America
PAUL M. KINTNER,
Cornell University
LOUIS G. LEFFLER,
North American Electric Reliability Council (retired)
WILLIAM S. LEWIS,
Southwest Research Institute
JOSEPH B. REAGAN,
Lockheed Missiles and Space Company, Inc. (retired)
ARTHUR A. SMALL III,
Pennsylvania State University
THOMAS A. STANSELL,
Stansell Consulting
LEONARD STRACHAN, JR.,
Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory
Staff
SANDRA J. GRAHAM, Study Director
THERESA M. FISHER, Program Associate
VICTORIA SWISHER, Research Associate
CATHERINE A. GRUBER, Editor
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Severe Space Weather Events–Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report
SPACE STUDIES BOARD
CHARLES F. KENNEL,
Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego,
Chair
A. THOMAS YOUNG,
Lockheed Martin Corporation (retired),
Vice Chair
DANIEL N. BAKER,
University of Colorado at Boulder
STEVEN J. BATTEL,
Battel Engineering
CHARLES L. BENNETT,
Johns Hopkins University
YVONNE C. BRILL, Aerospace Consultant
ELIZABETH R. CANTWELL,
Oak Ridge National Laboratory
ANDREW B. CHRISTENSEN,
Dixie State College and Aerospace Corporation
ALAN DRESSLER,
Observatories of the Carnegie Institution
JACK D. FELLOWS,
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
FIONA A. HARRISON,
California Institute of Technology
JOAN JOHNSON-FREESE,
Naval War College
KLAUS KEIL,
University of Hawaii
MOLLY K. MACAULEY,
Resources for the Future
BERRIEN MOORE III,
Climate Central
ROBERT T. PAPPALARDO,
Jet Propulsion Laboratory
JAMES PAWELCZYK,
Pennsylvania State University
SOROOSH SOROOSHIAN,
University of California, Irvine
JOAN VERNIKOS,
Thirdage LLC
JOSEPH F. VEVERKA,
Cornell University
WARREN M. WASHINGTON,
National Center for Atmospheric Research
CHARLES E. WOODWARD,
University of Minnesota
ELLEN G. ZWEIBEL,
University of Wisconsin
RICHARD ROWBERG, Interim Director
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Severe Space Weather Events–Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report
Contents
The Societal Context
3
The Impact of Space Weather
4
Industry-Specific Space Weather Impacts,
4
Electric Power Industry,
4
Spacecraft Operations,
5
Airline Operations,
6
Space-Based Positioning, Navigation, and Timing,
8
Future Vulnerabilities: The Specter of Extreme Space Weather Past,
9
Collateral Impacts of Severe Space Weather,
11
Space Weather Infrastructure
17
Space Weather Forecasting: Capabilities and Limitations,
19
Space Weather Models,
19
Understanding the Societal and Economic Impacts of Severe Space Weather
22
References
23
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Severe Space Weather Events–Understanding Societal and Economic Impacts: A Workshop Report
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