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Disposal of Activated Carbon from Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities (2009)

Chapter: Appendix A: Calgon Carbon Corporation General Carbon Acceptance Criteria for Reactivation

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Calgon Carbon Corporation General Carbon Acceptance Criteria for Reactivation." National Research Council. 2009. Disposal of Activated Carbon from Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12646.
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Page 63
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Calgon Carbon Corporation General Carbon Acceptance Criteria for Reactivation." National Research Council. 2009. Disposal of Activated Carbon from Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12646.
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Page 64
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Calgon Carbon Corporation General Carbon Acceptance Criteria for Reactivation." National Research Council. 2009. Disposal of Activated Carbon from Chemical Agent Disposal Facilities. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12646.
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Page 65

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Appendix A Calgon Carbon Corporation General Carbon Acceptance Criteria for Reactivation The following tabular material provided by Calgon Carbon Corporation shows criteria for determining whether nonhazardous or RCRA-regulated granular activated carbon is suitable to accept for return for reactivation. Note the following definitions for acronyms used: BSP  Sandy Plant Big BLP  Blue Lake Plant NIP  Neville Island Plant TEQ  toxic equivalency (amount of 2,3,7,8-TCDD [2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin] with toxicity equivalent to a complex mixture of 210 dioxin and furan isomers with four to nine chlorine atoms found in flue gases.) RTM-10  Research Test Method (in-house designation for Determination of Ignitability Char- acteristic under RCRA for Spent Activated Carbon Test Method) CALGON CARBON CORPORATION ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA Criteria for Return for Reactivation of Non-Hazardous Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), which must be met: Characteristic/Property Limits of Acceptability Size Greater than or equal to 12 × 40 Mesh pH Range Greater than 2.0 and less than 12.5 Ignitable (per RTM-10) Not Acceptable (Although BSP is permitted to receive D001 manifested material, they may not receive any spent carbon which exhibits the characteristic of ignitability.) Instantaneously Not Acceptable Ignitable (per RTM-10) Dioxins Not Acceptable at BSP or BLP < 20 ug/kg TEQs at NIP Polychlorinated < 50 mg/kg at NIP Biphenyls (PCB’s) Not Acceptable at BSP 1,2-Dibromo-3- Not Acceptable at Neville Island Plant or Big Sandy. chloropropane (DBCP) Radioactivity Not to Exceed Background Level Note 1: Spent Granular Activated carbon to be returned for reactivation shall be free of any foreign debris (rock, wood, metal, etc.) or extraneous impurities, free of oil and grease, easily wetted by water, and free-flowing. Note 2: Acceptance for reactivation of spent carbon which has not been supplied by Calgon Carbon Corporation must be investigated on a case-by-case basis. 63

64 DISPOSAL OF ACTIVATED CARBON FROM CHEMICAL AGENT DISPOSAL FACILITIES The following are GENERAL GUIDELINES for acceptability of spent carbon for reactivation. Spent carbons which do not meet these guidelines can usually be processed using special handling and/or blending techniques. Greater than 98% of the projects submitted for reactivation acceptance are approved. However, due to the spe- cial handling required, return of these carbons may be approved with limitations as to choice of reactivation facility, method, volume and/or frequency of return. The criteria listed below are guidelines. Because the regulations governing the operation of our reactivation facilities are complex and subject to change, Calgon Carbon Corporation must reserve the final right to reject the return of spent carbon to our facilities. Characteristic/Property Limits of Acceptability Volatile Sulfur 1.0 % Maximum Volatile Chloride 1.7 % Maximum—Neville Island 4.0 % Maximum—Big Sandy Volatile Bromide 0.3% Maximum Volatile Fluoride 0.4 % Maximum High Exotherm During Reactivation Require Case-by-Case Approval Potassium Maximum of 0.1 wt. % Sodium Maximum of 1.0 wt. % Trace Metals Require Case-by-Case Approval (See Metals Guidelines below) Acutely Toxic, Odorous, or OSHA Regulated Adsorbates Case-by-Case Approval CALGON CARBON CORPORATION ACCEPTANCE CRITERIA Criteria for Return for Reactivation of RCRA Regulated Granular Activated Carbon (GAC), which must be met: Characteristic/Property Limits of Acceptability Size Greater than or equal to 12 × 40 Mesh pH Range Greater than 2.0 and less than 12.5 Ignitable (per RTM-10) Not Acceptable (Although BSP is permitted to receive D001 manifested material, they may not receive any spent carbon which exhibits the characteristic of ignitability.) Instantaneously Ignitable (per RTM-10) Not Acceptable Dioxins Not Acceptable at BSP or BLP < 20 ug/kg TEQs at NIP Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCB’s) < 50 mg/kg at NIP Not Acceptable at BSP or BLP 1,2-Dibromo-3-chloropropane (DBCP) Not Acceptable Mercury Not Acceptable RCRA Waste Codes Not Acceptable D001 (NIP), D002, D003, F020, F021, F022, F023, F026, F027, F028, F032 Reactive Cyanide > 250 mg/kg Not Acceptable Reactive Sulfide > 500 mg/kg Not Acceptable Radioactivity Not to Exceed Background Level Note 1: Spent Granular Activated carbon to be returned for reactivation shall be free of any foreign debris (rock, wood, metal, etc.) or extraneous impurities, free of oil and grease, easily wetted by water, and free-flowing. Note 2: Acceptance for reactivation of spent carbon which has not been supplied by Calgon Carbon Corporation must be investigated on a case-by-case basis.

APPENDIX A 65 Characteristic/Property Limits of Acceptability Volatile Sulfur 1.0 % Maximum Volatile Chloride 1.7 % Maximum—Neville Island 4.0 % Maximum—Big Sandy Volatile Bromide 0.3% Maximum Volatile Fluoride 0.4 % Maximum High Exotherm During Reactivation Require Case-by-Case Approval Potassium Maximum of 0.1 wt. % Sodium Maximum of 1.0 wt. % Trace Metals Require Case-by-Case Approval (See metals guidelines below) Acutely Toxic, Odorous, or OSHA Regulated Adsorbates Case-by-Case Approval CARBON ACCEPTANCE METALS GUIDELINES FOR NEW CARBON ACCEPTANCE PROJECTS This table lists the metals limitations which are used to evaluate carbon acceptance projects. Spent carbons with metals concentrations above these guidelines will not be approved for reactivation whether non-hazardous or RCRA hazardous. Metal Concentration, mg/kg Antimony < 1000 Arsenic < 50 Beryllium < 63.75 Barium < 350 Cadmium < 2.5 Total Chromium < 200 Hexavalent Chromium < 3.75 Copper < 500 Iron < 10,000 Lead < 50 Manganese < 5000 Nickel < 5000 Selenium < 200 Silver < 200 Thallium < 200 Zinc < 500 Mercury Not acceptable

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For the last two decades, the United States has been destroying its entire stockpile of chemical agents. At the facilities where these agents are being destroyed, effluent gas streams pass through large activated carbon filters before venting to ensure that any residual trace vapors of chemical agents and other pollutants do not escape into the atmosphere in exceedance of regulatory limits. All the carbon will have to be disposed of for final closure of these facilities to take place. In March 2008, the Chemical Materials Agency asked the National Research Council to study, evaluate, and recommend the best methods for proper and safe disposal of the used carbon from the operational disposal facilities.

This volume examines various approaches to handling carbon waste streams from the four operating chemical agent disposal facilities. The approaches that will be used at each facility will ultimately be chosen bearing in mind local regulatory practices, facility design and operations, and the characteristics of agent inventories, along with other factors such as public involvement regarding facility operations.

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