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Appendix E
Definitions of Medical Terminology
in CER Priority List
Ablative techniques Removal of tissue by vaporization, abrasion,
or destruction.
Active surveillance The systematic collection, analysis,
interpretation, and dissemination of health
data on an ongoing basis to gain knowledge
of the pattern of disease occurrence and
potential in a community in order to control
and prevent disease in the community.
Activities of daily living The performance of the basic activities of
(ADL) self care, such as dressing, ambulation,
eating, and so on, in rehabilitation.
Angiography X-ray of blood vessels after injection of a
contrast medium.
Anticoagulant therapy Agents that prevent blood clotting.
Anti-VEGF Anti-VEGF drugs work by blocking VEGF,
(vascular endothelial a protein that helps the formation of new
growth factor) blood vessels.
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Atypical antipsychotics New generation of drugs for treatment of
psychosis and schizophrenia.
Biologic response Treatment of diseases with biological
modifiers materials such as the use of genes, cells,
tissues, organs, serum, vaccines, and
humoral agents.
Biologics Complex pharmaceutical substances,
preparations, or agents of organic origin,
usually obtained by biological methods
or assay (e.g., monoclonal antibodies,
recombinant proteins).
Biomarkers Measurable and quantifiable biological
parameters which serve as indices for
health- and physiology-related assessments,
such as disease risk, psychiatric disorders,
environmental exposure and its effects,
disease diagnosis, metabolic processes,
substance abuse, pregnancy, cell line
development, and epidemiologic studies.
Body mass index (BMI) An indicator of body density as determined
by the relationship of body weight to body
height. For adults, BMI falls into these
categories: below 18.5 (underweight); 18.5-
24.9 (normal); 25.0-29.9 (overweight); 30.0
and above (obese).
Cardiac A treatment for selected patients with heart
resynchronization failure-induced conduction disturbances and
ventricular dyssynchrony.
Catheter ablation Removal of tissue with electrical current
delivered via electrodes positioned at the
distal end of a catheter.
Central line entry A long, thin, flexible tube inserted into a
major central vein used to give medicines,
fluids, nutrients, or blood products over a
long period of time, usually several weeks or
more.
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APPENDIX E
Cervical spondylotic The most common cause of spinal cord
myelopathy dysfunction in older persons. The aging
process results in degenerative changes in the
cervical spine that, in advanced stages, can
cause compression of the spinal cord.
Chlorhexidine A disinfectant and topical anti-infective
agent also used as mouthwash to prevent
oral plaque.
Clinical decision support Computer-based information systems used
system to integrate clinical and patient information
and provide support for decision making in
patient care.
Cluster randomized trial A trial in which individuals are randomized
in groups (i.e., the group is randomized, not
the individual).
Cochlear implants Electronic hearing devices typically used for
patients with normal outer and middle ear
function, but defective inner ear function.
Colonoscopy Procedure in which a long flexible viewing
tube (a colonoscope) is threaded up through
the rectum for the purpose of inspecting
the entire colon and rectum and, if there
is an abnormality, taking a biopsy of it or
removing it.
Comorbidity The presence of co-existing or additional
diseases.
Compendia A collection.
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Comprehensive care Primary care is considered comprehensive
coordination program when the primary provider takes
responsibility for the overall coordination
of the care of the patient’s health problems,
be they biological, behavioral, or social.
The appropriate use of consultants and
community resources may be an important
part of the comprehensive care program.
Such care is generally provided by physicians
but is increasingly provided by other
personnel such as nurse practitioners or
physician assistants.
Computed tomography A noninvasive imaging method that uses
(CT) angiography computed x-ray data combined with
specialized imaging software to examine
blood vessels.
Continuous ambulatory Portable peritoneal dialysis using the
peritoneal dialysis continuous (24 hours a day, 7 days a week)
(CAPD) presence of peritoneal dialysis solution in
the peritoneal cavity except for periods of
drainage and instillation of fresh solution.
Coronary stenosis Narrowing or constriction of a coronary
artery.
CRF2 receptors A receptor subtype from mammalian brain.
(Corticotropin-releasing
factor)
Crohn’s disease A chronic inflammation that may involve
any part of the digestive tract from mouth to
anus, mostly found in the ileum, the cecum,
and the colon.
CT colonography A noninvasive imaging method that uses
computed x-ray data combined with
specialized imaging software to examine the
colon.
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APPENDIX E
Diabetic retinopathy Disease of the retina as a complication of
diabetes mellitus. It is characterized by
progressive microvascular complications.
Diagnostic and Statistical Categorical classification of mental disorders
Manual of Mental based on criteria sets with defining features.
Disorders (DSM) It is produced by the American Psychiatric
Association.
Digital mammography Digital (computerized) mammography is
similar to standard mammography in that
x-rays are used to produce detailed images
of the breast.
Disease management A mechanism to provide long-term case
programs management for individuals with chronic or
expensive conditions (e.g., diabetes, asthma,
burn recovery).
Ductal carcinoma in situ A noninvasive (noninfiltrating) cancer of
the breast characterized by a proliferation
of malignant cells confined to the mammary
ducts or lobules.
Electronic health record Electronic recording of pertinent information
concerning patient’s illness or illnesses.
Esophageal A malignant epithelial tumor with a
adenocarcinoma glandular organization of the esophagus.
Fecal immunochemical Screen for lower gastrointestinal bleeding
tests associated with colorectal cancer, adenomas,
polyps, and other lower gastrointestinal
conditions.
Fecal occult blood test A test to examine evidence of gastrointestinal
(FOBT) bleeding. May be done to check for some
intestinal conditions or colorectal cancer.
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Gastroesophageal reflux Retrograde flow of gastric juice (gastric
disease acid) and/or duodenal contents (bile acids;
pancreatic juice) into the distal esophagus,
commonly due to incompetence of the lower
esophageal sphincter.
Hemodialysis Therapy for the insufficient cleansing of the
blood by the kidneys.
Hyperbaric oxygen The therapeutic intermittent administration
of oxygen in a chamber at greater than
sea-level atmospheric pressures (three
atmospheres).
Hyperlipidemia Condition with excess lipids in the blood.
Hypertension Persistently high systemic arterial blood
pressure.
Iatrogenic Due to the action of a physician or a therapy
the doctor prescribed. An iatrogenic disease
may be inadvertently caused by a physician
or surgeon or by a medical or surgical
treatment or a diagnostic procedure.
Incidence A measure of the frequency with which an
event, such as a new case of illness, occurs in
a population over a defined period of time.
Infant mortality Postnatal deaths from birth to 365 days after
birth in a given population.
Intractable epilepsy Epilepsy refractive to treatment.
Intravitreal steroids Direct injection of glucocorticoids into the
gel of the eye.
Knee arthroplasty surgery Replacement of the knee joint.
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APPENDIX E
Low birth weight An infant having a birth weight of 2,500 g
(5.5 lb.) or less.
Macular degeneration Deterioration in the macula lutea of the
retina.
Medical home There is no single definition or medical home
model, but is generally described as a model
of delivering primary care that is accessible,
continuous, comprehensive, family-centered,
coordinated, compassionate, and culturally
effective care.
Methicillin resistant A strain of Staphylococcus aureus that is
non-susceptible to the action of methicillin.
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA)
Methotrexate An anitmetabolite drug used in the treatment
of cancer and autoimmune diseases.
Migraine prophylaxis Prevention of severe headaches.
Negative pressure wound The application of a vacuum across the
therapy surface of a wound through a foam dressing
cut to fit the wound. This removes wound
exudates, reduces build-up of inflammatory
mediators, and increases the flow of
nutrients to the wound thus promoting
healing.
Off-label use The practice of using medicines for non-
Food and Drug Administration approved
reasons.
Open-angle glaucoma Increased pressures within the eye in which
the angle of the anterior chamber is open
and the trabecular meshwork does not
encroach on the base of the iris.
Osteopenia Metabolic bone disease with mild decrease in
bone density.
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Osteoporosis Reduction of bone mass without alteration
in the composition of bone, leading to
fractures.
PCI/PTCA (Percutaneous A variety of procedures used to treat patients
coronary intervention/ with diseased arteries of the heart.
Percutaneous
transluminal coronary
angioplasty)
Pervasive developmental A “subthreshold” condition in which some—
disorder, not otherwise but not all—features of autism or another
specified (PDD-NOS) explicitly identified developmental disorder
are identified.
Pharmacological Drug metabolism and drug interactions.
Preterm births Childbirth before 37 weeks of pregnancy.
Prophylaxis Use of therapy to prevent the occurrence of
symptoms or disease.
Prospective registry A place where data, records, or laboratory
samples are kept and usually made available
for research or comparative study.
Radical prostatectomy Complete or partial surgical removal of the
prostate.
Radiotherapy The use of ionizing radiation to treat cancers
and some benign conditions.
Remote physiologic Tracking patients’ vital signs and health
monitoring/remote status without physical presence.
sensing
Retinal vein occlusion Blockage of the central vein of the eye.
Those at high risk for this condition include
patients with hypertension, diabetes mellitus,
atherosclerosis, and other cardiovascular
diseases.
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APPENDIX E
Risk assessment The measure of the association between
exposure to something and the outcome.
Risk factors A characteristic of a person that affects that
person’s chance of having a disease.
Screening outcomes Using tests or other methods of diagnosis
to find out whether or not a person has a
specific disease or condition before it causes
any symptoms.
Surgical bypass Surgical repair of an obstructive lesion.
Surgical resection Surgical removal of part of an organ or a
structure.
Symptomatic cervical disc Symptoms stemming from pressure on the
herniation spinal cord due to protrusion of a disc
between the spinal vertebrae in the neck.
Telemedicine Delivery of health services via
telecommunications. This includes interactive
consultative and diagnostic services.
Thromboembolic disease Obstruction of a blood vessel by a blood
clot in the bloodstream either originating at
the site or migrating from a separate site of
origin.
Ulcerative colitis Inflammation of the colon that is
predominantly confined to the inner lining.
Its major symptoms include diarrhea,
rectal bleeding, the passage of mucus, and
abdominal pain.
Upper endoscopy Examination involving passing an optical
instrument along natural body pathways
such as the digestive tract for disease
diagnosis and treatment.
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Vascular claudication Pain resulting from limited blood flow
to the lower extremities usually due to
arthrosclerosis.
Viral genomic profile Determination of the specific genes (genetic
material) in a given virus in order to
characterize behavior.
NOTE: Definitions adapted from the National Library of Medicine’s Medical Subject Head-
ings (MeSH), WebMD, MedicineNet, National Center for Health Statistics, National Institute
of Health Policy, Imaginis, Quest Diagnostics, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Reproductive Health Glossary, The National Center for Medical Home Implementation, Yale
School of Medicine Child Study Center, Merriam-Webster Online, The American Heart As-
sociation, and The Free Dictionary by Farlex.
