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Ensuring the Quality, Credibility, and Relevance of U.S. Justice Statistics
ENSURING THE QUALITY, CREDIBILITY, AND RELEVANCE OF U.S. JUSTICE STATISTICS
Panel to Review the Programs of the Bureau of Justice Statistics
Robert M. Groves and Daniel L. Cork, Editors
Committee on National Statistics
Committee on Law and Justice
Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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Ensuring the Quality, Credibility, and Relevance of U.S. Justice Statistics
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
Support of the work of the Committee on National Statistics is provided by a consortium of federal agencies through a grant from the National Science Foundation (No. SES-0453930). The project that is the subject of this report was supported by an allocation from the U.S. Department of Justice to the National Science Foundation under this grant. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number 13: 978-0-309-13910-6
International Standard Book Number 10: 0-309-13910-4
Additional copies of this report are available from the
National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001; (202) 334-3096; Internet, http://www.nap.edu.
Copyright 2009 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
Suggested citation: National Research Council. (2009). Ensuring the Quality, Credibility, and Relevance of U.S. Justice Statistics. Panel to Review the Programs of the Bureau of Justice Statistics. Robert M. Groves and Daniel L. Cork, eds. Committee on National Statistics and Committee on Law and Justice, Division of Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Ensuring the Quality, Credibility, and Relevance of U.S. Justice Statistics
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
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PANEL TO REVIEW THE PROGRAMS OF THE BUREAU OF JUSTICE STATISTICS
ROBERT M. GROVES (Chair),
Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, and Joint Program in Survey Methodology, University of Maryland
WILLIAM G. BARRON, JR., Consultant,
Princeton University and U.S. Department of Commerce
WILLIAM CLEMENTS,
School of Graduate Studies and Department of Criminal Justice, Norwich University, and Vermont Center for Justice Research
PAMELA K. LATTIMORE,*
RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
JANET L. LAURITSEN,
Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri–St. Louis
COLIN LOFTIN,
School of Criminal Justice, University at Albany, State University of New York
JAMES P. LYNCH,
John Jay College of Criminal Justice
RUTH D. PETERSON,
Department of Sociology, Ohio State University
TRIVELLORE E. RAGHUNATHAN,
Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and Survey Research Center, University of Michigan, and Joint Program in Survey Methodology, University of Maryland
STEVEN R. SCHLESINGER,
Statistics Division, Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts
WESLEY G. SKOGAN,
Department of Political Science and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
BRUCE D. SPENCER,
Department of Statistics and Institute for Policy Research, Northwestern University
BRUCE WESTERN,
Department of Sociology, Harvard University
DANIEL L. CORK, Study Director
CAROL V. PETRIE, Senior Program Officer
AGNES E. GASKIN, Administrative Assistant
*
Resigned from the panel April 2, 2007.
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COMMITTEE ON NATIONAL STATISTICS 2008–2009
WILLIAM F. EDDY (Chair),
Department of Statistics, Carnegie Mellon University
KATHARINE G. ABRAHAM,
Department of Economics and Joint Program in Survey Methodology, University of Maryland
ALICIA CARRIQUIRY,
Department of Statistics, Iowa State University
WILLIAM DUMOUCHEL,
Phase Forward, Inc., Waltham, Massachusetts
JOHN C. HALTIWANGER,
Department of Economics, University of Maryland
V. JOSEPH HOTZ,
Department of Economics, Duke University
KAREN KAFADAR,
Department of Statistics, Indiana University, Bloomington
DOUGLAS S. MASSEY,
Department of Sociology, Princeton University
SALLY MORTON,
Statistics and Epidemiology, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
JOSEPH NEWHOUSE,
Division of Health Policy Research and Education, Harvard University
SAMUEL H. PRESTON,
Population Studies Center, University of Pennsylvania
HAL STERN,
Department of Statistics, University of California, Irvine
ROGER TOURANGEAU,
Joint Program in Survey Methodology, University of Maryland, and Survey Research Center, University of Michigan
ALAN ZASLAVSKY,
Department of Health Care Policy, Harvard Medical School
CONSTANCE F. CITRO, Director
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COMMITTEE ON LAW AND JUSTICE 2008–2009
JAMES Q. WILSON (Chair),
University of California, Los Angeles (emeritus)
PHILIP J. COOK (Vice Chair),
Terry Sanford Institute of Public Policy, Duke University
DAVID H. BAYLEY,
School of Criminal Justice, University of Albany, State University of New York
RICHARD J. BONNIE,
Institute of Law, Psychiatry, and Public Policy, University of Virginia Law School
ROBERT D. CRUTCHFIELD,
Department of Sociology, University of Washington
STEVEN N. DURLAUF,
Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin–Madison
ARTHUR S. GOLDBERGER,
Department of Economics, University of Wisconsin–Madison
ROBERT L. JOHNSON,
Pediatric and Clinical Psychiatry and
Director of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine,
New Jersey Medical School
GARY LAFREE,
Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland
JOHN H. LAUB,
Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Maryland
GLENN LOURY,
Department of Economics, Brown University
TRACEY L. MEARES,
School of Law, University of Chicago
TERRIE E. MOFFITT,
Institute of Psychiatry, University of London
RUTH PETERSON,
Department of Sociology, Ohio State University
RICHARD ROSENFELD,
Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Missouri–St. Louis
ROBERT J. SAMPSON,
Department of Sociology, Harvard University
JEREMY TRAVIS,
John Jay College of Criminal Justice
CHRISTY VISHER,
Justice Policy Center, Urban Institute
DAVID WEISBURD,
Hebrew University Law School, Jerusalem, Israel
CAROL PETRIE, Director
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Acknowledgments
THE PANEL to Review the Programs of the Bureau of Justice Statistics of the Committee on National Statistics (CNSTAT) is pleased to submit this final report on the programs and priorities of the Bureau of Justice Statistics (BJS). The work that leads to such a report always represents a collectivity—a devoted and talented staff of the National Research Council (NRC) and a set of volunteers, both panel members and those who met with the panel. Finally, the agency seeking advice from CNSTAT is key to the success of the endeavor.
The staff of BJS has been exceptionally receptive to our external review of the agency’s programs. We benefited greatly from the energy and enthusiasm of BJS Director Jeffrey Sedgwick during the course of our study, particularly given his added responsibilities during the latter half of our work. In January 2008 he took on the duties of acting assistant attorney general for the Office of Justice Programs, the parent division of BJS, while retaining the BJS directorship. He was subsequently nominated as assistant attorney general in April 2008 and confirmed in October 2008, serving in that capacity until the end of the Bush administration. The other members of BJS’s senior leadership were also unstinting in their support. Deputy Director Maureen Henneberg provided considerable assistance as the lead liaison between BJS and the panel, and BJS Senior Statistical Advisor Allen Beck gave greatly of his time and expertise in interacting with the panel and led a wide-ranging discussion of BJS data collections required by the Prison Rape Elimination Act. Patrick Campbell, special assistant to Director Sedgwick, also participated in the public sessions of the panel’s meetings. Michael Rand, chief of victimization statistics, deserves particular credit for leading a thorough and extremely useful review of the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) at the panel’s first meeting. Program managers and BJS staff briefed the panel on their work and fielded numerous questions about their designated subject
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areas; for this service, we thank Thomas Cohen and William Sabol. More than just cooperation is notable; in its meetings with BJS staff, the panel observed clear devotion among BJS staff to the quality and efficiency of the agency’s statistical activities and a common purpose of serving the country well through its activities.
Under a separate contract—but with the intent of supporting our panel’s work—BJS commissioned the Council of Professional Associations on Federal Statistics (COPAFS) to host a dedicated one-day conference on BJS data user perspectives. Through its commissioned papers and its wide-ranging list of approximately 80 participants, the February 12, 2008, workshop provided the panel with a great deal of material to consider in this report. We appreciate the contributions of the authors and presenters of lead papers at the workshop: Lynn Addington, American University; Theodore Eisenberg, Cornell Law School; Brian Forst, American University; and Karen Heimer, University of Iowa. Foremost, though, we thank Edward Spar, COPAFS executive director, for his hard work in organizing and convening the session.
We greatly appreciate the work of the Justice Research and Statistics Association; its invitation to panel staff to attend the association’s annual meeting in Denver in October 2006 was helpful in structuring the panel’s work. Joan Weiss, executive director of the association, provided helpful comments and suggestions as the panel began its work, and research director Stan Orchowsky spoke to the panel about the sweep of the organization’s work and its relationship with BJS.
Pursuant to the panel’s charge, subgroups of the panel met with a variety of individuals and representatives of interested groups to elicit opinions on the range of BJS programs, the usefulness of BJS data series, and possible areas for change and refinement. To facilitate full and candid discussions, these subgroup sessions were done with the understanding that comments made therein were not intended for direct attribution. We thank those persons who gave generously of their time and expertise to speak to members of the panel: James Boden, chief, Justice Branch, U.S. Office of Management and Budget; Michael Crowley, policy analyst, Justice Branch, U.S. Office of Management and Budget; John Firman, research director, International Association of Chiefs of Police; Lawrence Greenfeld, senior statistical advisor, Office of the Inspector General, General Services Administration; Chris Koper, deputy director of research, Police Executive Research Forum; Bruce Kubu, senior research associate, Police Executive Research Forum; Shelly Martinez, statistician, U.S. Office of Management and Budget; Bruce Taylor, director of research, Police Executive Research Forum; and Katherine Wallman, chief statistician, U.S. Office of Management and Budget.
We gratefully acknowledge the other expert speakers who contributed to our plenary meetings: Kim English, research director, Division of Criminal Justice, Colorado Department of Public Safety; Mark Epley, senior counsel
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to the deputy attorney general, U.S. Department of Justice; Pat Flanagan, assistant division chief, Demographic Statistical Methods Division, U.S. Census Bureau; David Hagy, director, National Institute of Justice, U.S. Department of Justice; Paula Hannaford-Agor, principal court research consultant, National Center for State Courts; Douglas Hoffman, director, Center for Research, Evaluation, and Statistical Analysis, Pennsylvania Commission on Crime and Delinquency; Howard Hogan, associate director for demographic programs, U.S. Census Bureau; Krista Jansson, Home Office, United Kingdom; Ruth Ann Killion, chief, Demographic Statistical Methods Division, U.S. Census Bureau; Cheryl Landman, chief, Demographic Surveys Division, U.S. Census Bureau; Marilyn Monahan, chief of NCVS Branch, Demographic Surveys Division, U.S. Census Bureau; Richard Schauffler, director of research services and director of Court Statistics Project, National Center for State Courts; Jon Simmons, head of research analysis and statistics, Crime Reduction and Community Safety Group, Home Office, United Kingdom; and Philip Stevenson, Statistical Analysis Center director, Arizona Criminal Justice Commission.
The study director of the panel was Daniel Cork, whose ability to absorb reams of technical, administrative, and organizational information about BJS and the Department of Justice earned the admiration of all panel members. His wisdom in assembling and integrating the writing of panel members and in structuring and writing the report was notable. The panel’s work is conducted in cooperation with the NRC’s Committee on Law and Justice (CLAJ). As senior program officer to this panel, CLAJ Director Carol Petrie helped the panel integrate its work with prior studies and activities of the NRC concerning the Department of Justice. As is true with other CNSTAT studies, our panel benefited greatly from the regular and active participation and engagement in our meetings of Constance Citro, director of CNSTAT. Agnes Gaskin, the administrative assistant, made sure meetings were organized and conducted in the professional manner that CNSTAT always achieves.
The Survey Research Center of the Institute for Social Research at the University of Michigan hosted two deliberative sessions of the panel at Ann Arbor in June 2007 and August 2008. Deborah Serafin, Rose Myers, and Kelly Smid handled the arrangements for the panel with grace and efficiency. We also appreciate Chris Eskridge, University of Nebraska–Lincoln and executive director of the American Society of Criminology, for providing space for the panel to hold a writing and reviewing meeting at the end of the society’s annual meetings in St. Louis, Missouri, in November 2008.
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the Report Review Committee of the NRC. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that
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3
Overview of Bureau of Justice Statistics Data Series
75
3–A Victimization
77
3–A.1 National Crime Victimization Survey
80
3–A.2 NCVS Supplements
83
3–A.3 The NCVS “Break in Series”
88
3–B Corrections
91
3–B.1 Prisons
92
3–B.2 Jails
98
3–B.3 Custodial Conditions
101
3–B.4 Capital Punishment
103
3–B.5 Inventory of State and Federal Corrections Information Systems
103
3–B.6 Probation and Parole
104
3–B.7 Recidivism
105
3–C Law Enforcement
106
3–C.1 Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics
107
3–C.2 Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies
112
3–C.3 Special-Agency and Service-Agency Censuses
113
3–C.4 Police Traffic Stop Data
119
3–D Adjudication, Prosecution, and Defense
120
3–D.1 National Judicial Reporting Program
122
3–D.2 State Court Processing Statistics
125
3–D.3 National Prosecutors Survey
127
3–D.4 National Survey of Indigent Defense Systems
128
3–E Other Data Collections
129
3–F Assessment of the Portfolio
129
3–F.1 Lack of Longitudinal Series
134
3–F.2 Lack of Conceptual Frameworks
141
3–F.3 Improving Statistical Coverage of the Justice System
152
4
State and Local Partnerships
165
4–A State Justice Statistics: The Statistical Analysis Center Network
166
4–A.1 State Partnerships in the Federal Statistical System
169
4–A.2 Assessment
174
4–B National Criminal History Improvement Program and Related Grant Programs
177
4–B.1 Background Checks and the Development of NCHIP
177
4–B.2 Recent Law and Developments
182
4–B.3 Assessment
184
4–C BJS and the Uniform Crime Reporting Program
185
4–C.1 Overview of the UCR Program
186
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4–C.2 BJS Role in UCR and NIBRS
194
4–C.3 The UCR Program and the FBI’s Strategic Priorities
195
4–C.4 Assessment
196
5
Principles and Practices: BJS as a Principal U.S. Federal Statistical Agency
209
5–A Principles of a Federal Statistical Agency
211
5–A.1 Trust Among Data Providers
211
5–A.2 Strong Position of Independence
225
5–A.3 Relevance to Policy Issues
245
5–A.4 Credibility Among Data Users
246
5–B Practices of a Federal Statistical Agency
247
5–B.1 Clearly Defined and Well-Accepted Mission
247
5–B.2 Continual Development of More Useful Data
249
5–B.3 Openness About Sources and Limitations of Data
252
5–B.4 Wide Dissemination of Data
254
5–B.5 Cooperation with Data Users
260
5–B.6 Fair Treatment of Data Providers
260
5–B.7 Commitment to Quality and Professional Standards of Practice
261
5–B.8 Active Research Program
264
5–B.9 Strong Internal and External Evaluation Program
271
5–B.10 Professional Advancement of Staff
272
5–B.11 Coordination and Cooperation with Other Statistical Agencies
273
5–C Summary
275
6
Strategic Goals for the Bureau of Justice Statistics
277
6–A Priority Setting and Constrained Resources
277
6–B Current BJS Strategic Goals
280
6–C Suggested BJS Strategic Goals
281
6–C.1 A Strong Position of Independence
281
6–C.2 Building Statistical Systems and Conceptual Frameworks
283
6–C.3 Improving Coverage of the Justice System
286
6–C.4 Facilitating Access and Improving Dissemination and Outreach
291
6–D Summary
293
References
297
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Appendixes
323
A Findings and Recommendations
325
B Summary of Surveying Victims: Options for Conducting the National Crime Victimization Survey
333
C Biographical Sketches of Panel Members and Staff
347
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List of Figures
1-1
First page of example from BJS “Bulletin” series of data releases
27
1-2
Bureau of Justice Statistics budget requests to Congress (fiscal years 1981–2009), final total appropriations (1981–2008), and National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) data collection costs (1990–2008)
29
1-3
Bureau of Justice Statistics organizational structure, June 2008
36
1-4
U.S. Department of Justice organizational structure, March 2009
39
2-1
Sequence of events in the criminal justice system
50
2-2
Mapping of Bureau of Justice Statistics data series to sequence of events in the criminal justice system
52
3-1
Module of questions on identity theft in the 2004 National Crime Victimization Survey (part 1)
85
3-2
Module of questions on identity theft in the 2004 National Crime Victimization Survey (part 2)
86
3-3
Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics questionnaire, 2003, p. 7
110
3-4
Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics questionnaire, 2003, p. 8
111
3-5
Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies questionnaire, p. 1
114
3-6
Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies questionnaire, p. 2
115
5-1
Estimated direct funding levels for principal federal statistical agencies, fiscal year 2008
210
5-2
Review, approval, and dissemination process for BJS survey press releases, 2007
228
5-3
Example summary and links to report and data on Bureau of Justice Statistics website
229
5-4
Excerpt from example Office of Justice Programs press release accompanying new Bureau of Justice Statistics data release
229
5-5
Bureau of Justice Statistics home page, July 2008
258
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List of Tables
3-1
Estimated Funding for Bureau of Justice Statistics Criminal Justice Statistics Program, Fiscal Year 2008
76
3-2
Bureau of Justice Statistics Data Collection History and Schedule, Victimization, 1981–2009
79
3-3
Number of Households and Persons Interviewed by Year, 1996–2006
81
3-4
Estimated Number of Adults Under Correctional Supervision in the United States, 1980–2006
93
3-5
Bureau of Justice Statistics Data Collection History and Schedule, Corrections, 1981–2009
94
3-6
Bureau of Justice Statistics Data Collection History and Schedule, Law Enforcement, 1981–2009
108
3-7
Bureau of Justice Statistics Data Collection History and Schedule, Adjudication, 1981–2009
123
3-8
Bureau of Justice Statistics Data Collection History and Schedule, Criminal History Improvement and Miscellaneous Studies, 1981–2009
130
4-1
National Data Sources Related to Crime Victimization in the United States
197
5-1
Prison Facilities with Highest and Lowest Prevalence of Sexual Victimization, National Inmate Survey, 2007
221
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List of Boxes
1-1
Bureau of Justice Statistics Publications and Data Dissemination Venues
25
1-2
Statutory Functions of the Bureau of Justice Statistics
32
1-3
“Principal Statistical Agencies” and the Interagency Council on Statistical Policy
35
1-4
Organizational Structure of the Office of Justice Programs
41
3-1
Bureau of Justice Statistics Collections on Tribal Justice
78
3-2
The Court Statistics Project and the National Center for State Courts
124
3-3
Congressional Uses of Bureau of Justice Statistics Data
131
3-4
The Federal Justice Statistics Resource Center of the Urban Institute
136
3-5
The Second Chance Act of 2007
156
4-1
State Statistical Analysis Center Network
168
4-2
State Justice Statistics Program Themes, 2008
170
4-3
Information Systems Covered by the Crime Identification Technology Act of 1998 and National Criminal History Improvement Program
180
4-4
Law Enforcement Coverage in the Uniform Crime Reporting Program
187
4-5
Hierarchy Rule for Part I Offenses and Suboffenses, Uniform Crime Reporting Program
190
5-1
Statistical Reporting Provisions of Original and Final Versions of the Prison Rape Elimination Act
215
5-2
Critique of the Reported Rankings in the Prison Rape Elimination Act Inmate Surveys
223
5-3
Excerpts from Travis (2008) Open Letter on an Office of Justice Research
242
5-4
Review Process for an Information Collection by a Federal Agency
263
5-5
Problems in Bureau of Justice Statistics Information Collection Requests
265
6-1
Summary of Recommendations and Commentary on Strategic Goal 1: A Strong Position of Independence
281
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6-2
Summary of Recommendations and Commentary on Strategic Goal 2: Building Statistical Systems and Conceptual Frameworks
284
6-3
Summary of Recommendations and Commentary on Strategic Goal 3: Improving Coverage of the Justice System
287
6-4
Summary of Recommendations and Commentary on Strategic Goal 4: Facilitating Access and Improving Dissemination and Outreach
292
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Acronyms and Abbreviations
AAG assistant attorney general (for the Office of Justice Programs)
ACASI audio computer-assisted self-interviewing
ACS American Community Survey
ADAM Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring program (National Institute of Justice)
ADR alternative dispute resolution
AO Administrative Office of the U.S. Courts
ASJ Annual Survey of Jails
BJA Bureau of Justice Assistance (Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice)
BJS Bureau of Justice Statistics (Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice)
BLS Bureau of Labor Statistics
BOP Federal Bureau of Prisons (U.S. Department of Justice)
CAPI computer-assisted personal interviewing
CATI computer-assisted telephone interviewing
CDC U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)
CES Current Employment Statistics program (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CLAJ Committee on Law and Justice (National Research Council)
CNSTAT Committee on National Statistics (National Research Council)
COMPSTAT “computerized statistics” or “comparative statistics” (term
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used to describe police information system developed in New York, Los Angeles, and other cities)
COP community policing or community-oriented policing
COPAFS Council of Professional Associations on Federal Statistics
COPS Community Oriented Policing Services (as in the Office of Community Oriented Policing Services in the U.S. Department of Justice)
CSLLEA Census of State and Local Law Enforcement Agencies
DAWN Drug Abuse Warning Network (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration)
DEA Drug Enforcement Administration (U.S. Department of Justice)
DOJ U.S. Department of Justice
DUF Drug Use Forecasting program (historical name for Arrestee Drug Abuse Monitoring [ADAM] program)
FAIR Federal Activities Inventory Reform Act
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation (U.S. Department of Justice)
FJSRC Federal Justice Statistics Research Center (Urban Institute)
GAO U.S. Government Accountability Office (formerly, General Accounting Office)
IACP International Association of Chiefs of Police
IADLEST International Association of Directors of Law Enforcement Standards and Training
IAFIS Integrated Automated Fingerprint Identification System
ICE U.S. Immigration and Customs Enforcement (U.S. Department of Homeland Security)
ICPSR Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research
ICR Information Collection Review
III Interstate Identification Index
JRSA Justice Research and Statistics Association
LEAA Law Enforcement Assistance Administration (predecessor to Office of Justice Programs)
LEMAS Law Enforcement Management and Administrative Statistics
LEOKA Law Enforcement Officers Killed and Assaulted
MFS Monitoring the Future Survey
NACJD National Archive of Criminal Justice Data (Inter-university Consortium for Political and Social Research, University of Michigan)
NASDA National Association of State Departments of Agriculture
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NASS National Agricultural Statistics Service (U.S. Department of Agriculture)
NCANDS National Child Abuse and Neglect Data System
NCES National Center for Education Statistics (U.S. Department of Education)
NCHIP National Criminal History Improvement Program
NCHS National Center for Health Statistics (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services)
NCIC National Crime Information Center (Federal Bureau of Investigation)
NCJISS National Criminal Justice Information and Statistics Service (historical name for Bureau of Justice Statistics)
NCJJ National Center for Juvenile Justice
NCJRS National Criminal Justice Reference Service
NCRP National Corrections Reporting Program
NCSC National Center for State Courts
NCVS National Crime Victimization Survey (formerly, National Crime Survey, NCS)
NIBRS National Incident-Based Reporting System
NICS National Instant Criminal Background Check System
NIJ National Institute of Justice (Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice)
NIS National Inmate Surveys (data collection for the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003)
NJRP National Judicial Reporting Program
NLSY97 National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1997
NORC National Opinion Research Center
NPS National Prisoner Statistics
NRC National Research Council
NSDUH National Survey on Drug Use and Health (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration)
NSFG National Survey of Family Growth (National Center for Health Statistics)
NW3C National White Collar Crime Center
NYRBS National Youth Risk Behavior Survey
OJARS Office of Justice Assistance, Research, and Statistics (predecessor to Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice)
OJJDP Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (Office of Justice Programs, U.S. Department of Justice)
OJP Office of Justice Programs (U.S. Department of Justice)
OMB U.S. Office of Management and Budget
ORI Originating Agency Identifier
OCR for page R24
Ensuring the Quality, Credibility, and Relevance of U.S. Justice Statistics
PART Performance Assessment Rating Tool
PERF Police Executive Research Forum
P.L. Public Law
PPCS Police-Public Contact Survey (periodic supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey)
PREA Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003, P.L. 108-79
QCEW Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics)
rap Record of Arrest and Prosecution (“rap sheet”)
RFP request for proposals
SAC Statistical Analysis Center
SAMHSA Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration
SCPS State Court Processing Statistics
SCS School Crime Supplement (periodic supplement to the National Crime Victimization Survey)
SIFCF Survey of Inmates in Federal Correctional Facilities
SILJ Survey of Inmates in Local Jails
SISCF Survey of Inmates in State Correctional Facilities
SISFCF Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities
SJS State Justice Statistics
SRS Summary Reporting System (of the Uniform Crime Reporting program)
SSV Survey on Sexual Violence (data collection for the Prison Rape Elimination Act of 2003)
STRIDE System to Retrieve Information from Drug Evidence (Drug Enforcement Administration)
SVORI Serious and Violent Offender Reentry Initiative
T-CHRIP Tribal Criminal History Record Improvement Program
Triple I Interstate Identification Index; also, III
UCR Uniform Crime Reporting program or Uniform Crime Reports
USC U.S. Code
