National Academies Press: OpenBook

Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement (2009)

Chapter: Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
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Appendix G
Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Introduction

Kaiser Permanente is nationally recognized for its innovation and groundbreaking initiatives in health care. Over the years, we have continuously assessed the needs of our membership and public community, and proactively designed programs and solutions to meet the new challenges. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data Collection underscores our commitment toward the elimination of health disparities and inequities for racial, ethnic, and linguistic groups.

Kaiser Permanente Policy

With the advocacy and leadership of our National Diversity Council, the Member Demographic Data Collection Initiative on Race, Ethnicity, and Language preference information became an organizational policy in 2004.


The objectives of the policy extend beyond collecting information for compliance reasons; it is intended to inform patient-centered care, culturally and linguistically competent care and services, and the elimination of health and health care disparities/inequities. Timely, valid, and representative data collection is essential to the provision of quality and equitable care.

Data Collection Improvement Process

As our commitment to continuous quality improvement, Kaiser Permanente National Diversity recommended several updates and modifications for KP HealthConnect, our electronic medical/health record system. These accepted recommendations are based on research and collaborative input from various stakeholders and constituents to improve Race, Ethnicity, and Language data collection.


During the initial phase of data collection, we utilized an approach that was common throughout the industry, which was to ask for the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) federal ‘Race’ and ‘Ethnicity’* categories. We addressed the need to identify diverse subpopulations by also including a limited number of detailed groups.


At that juncture, our technical systems were not designed to house granular information separately on subpopulation groups, therefore, granular descriptions were coupled to the OMB federal standards to accommodate compliance and reporting needs.


During initial implementation, important concerns were raised, which included the following:

  • The need for more granular categories for ethnicity

  • The feedback that Hispanic/Latino patients felt uncomfortable selecting ‘Race’ categories that they may not identify with

  • The issue of coupling of federal standards to granular information did not allow for self-identification

© Copyright 2009, Kaiser Foundation Health Plan, Inc. Page 1

*

‘Race’ in quotes refers to the federal OMB defined race standards. ‘Ethnicity’ in quotes refers to the federally defined OMB ethnicity standards.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

To address these concerns, in 2005, our National Diversity office undertook a comprehensive assessment, review, and analysis of industry collection standards, practices, and lessons learned as well as integrating notable work and contributions from the fields of public health, sociology, law, race relations, journalism, demography, and statistics.


During this assessment for quality improvement, collective discovery concluded that a new collection framework was needed. We explored and were able to identify technological innovations in our electronic medical/health record system that offered viable options in how the data fields and code sets could be built to accommodate the proposed changes.


We seized the opportunity to improve data collection by 1) further understanding the constructs of Race, Ethnicity, and Language as well as their intersections in-depth and 2) developing organizational structure, decision making processes, and guiding principles that would advance uniform, standardized, and systematic data collection.

Code Selection Process

The Race, Ethnicity, and Language Code Sets that were developed represent the first phase of Kaiser Permanente’s Member Demographic Data Collection Initiative on Race, Ethnicity, and Language. Our Code Sets are open and responsive to accommodate preferred self-identification as well as changes in national/international developments and demographic trends.

Granular Ethnicity

Kaiser Permanente examined the significance of ethnicity in the context of health, and concluded that the creation of a more encompassing definition of Ethnicity was needed. Granular Ethnicity would be able to capture patient data at a level that would inform beyond the limited federal standards to ensure timely, valid, and representative data collection.


The Code Sets are reviewed on an on-going basis primarily to ensure alignment with changing demographic trends in the United States as well as relevance in culturally and linguistically competent care and patient-centered care.


Ongoing Analysis and Review for Comparability (Selected Examples Provided)

National Data Sets and Resources
  • U.S. Decennial Census/American Community Survey

  • Yearbook of Immigration Statistics

Health Surveys and Research (Population or Region Specific)
  • California Health Interview Survey

  • National Latino and Asian American Study

Transnational and International Data Sets and Resources
  • United Nations Statistics Division

  • World Health Organization

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×
Data Aggregation (Roll-Up)

Kaiser Permanente’s collection framework is asking the two part question separately (Combined Format and Granular Ethnicity), thereby eliminating the need/use of automatic linkage and data aggregation (commonly known as “roll-up”). Data aggregation should be specific to the research and/or reporting needs for the population groups under study/report.


Automatic linkage or aggregation would produce deteriorated or inaccurate data if patients are linked/aggregated in a way that contradicts or misrepresents their personal self-identification, especially for multiracial persons who identify with more than one federal ‘Race’/’Ethnicity’ standard.


The effects of globalization, population displacement, and social movements are undermining the capacity of one nation to fix a person's identity. Simply, national or geographic origin does not automatically determine one's race or ethnicity, nor does ethnicity determine race, nor does race determine ethnicity.


Data aggregation without the consideration of the intersecting layers that construct identity would be similar to suggesting that 'American' or being born in the United States could be automatically linked/aggregated into 'White'.


The Combined Format and Granular Ethnicity fields were developed as two separate questions to achieve health care, research, compliance, reporting, and resource allocation needs. As importantly, it ensures the patient's right to self-identify as well as ensures the highest data quality and integrity.

Language (Spoken and Written)

Kaiser Permanente focused on developing timely, valid, and representative language codes to capture our nation’s increasing diversity. We are collecting both spoken and written language to ensure the provision of quality and equitable health care.


The Spoken/Written Language Code Sets are reviewed on an on-going basis primarily to ensure alignment with linguistic trends in the United States, current organizational language utilization, as well as relevance in culturally and linguistically competent care and patient-centered care.


Ongoing Analysis and Review for Comparability (Selected Examples Provided)

National Data Sets and Resources
  • U.S. Decennial Census/American Community Survey

Organizational Language Utility (Regional and National)
  • Vendor Utilization Data

  • Kaiser Permanente Utilization Data

Transnational and International Data Sets and Resources
  • International Organization for Standardization

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Race, Ethnicity, and Language Code Sets

NOTES (Applies to all Code Sets):

‘Decline to State’, ‘Other’, and ‘Unknown’ are collection codes utilized by Kaiser Permanente.


Categories that represent one code in the collection system but have multiple names/designations are listed together and separated by a (/) slash mark.

Combined Format

Issued by the Office of Management and Budget

American Indian/Alaska Native

Asian

Black/African American

Hispanic/Latino

Native Hawaiian/Other Pacific Islander

White

Decline to State

Other

Unknown

The Combined Format is a multiple response field.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Granular Ethnicity

Acadian/Cajun

Afghan/Afghanistani

Agikuyu/Kikuyu

Akan

Alaska Athabascan

Albanian

Aleut

Algerian

Alsatian

Amara/Amhara

Amazigh/Imazighen/Berber

American/United States

Amerindian/Indigena/Indio

Antiguan/Barbudan

Apache

Arab/Arabic

Argentine/Argentinean

Armenian

Asian Indian/Indian (Asia)

Assyrian/Chaldean/Syriac

Australian

Austrian

Azerbaijani

Azeri

Bahamian

Bajan/Barbadian

Bamar/Burman

Bangladeshi

Bantu

Basque

Belarusian/Belorussian

Belgian

Belizean

Bengali

Blackfeet

Bolivian

Bosniak

Bosnian/Herzegovinian

Brazilian

British Isles/British Isles origin

British West Indian/Indies

Briton/British

Bulgarian

Burmese

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Cambodian

Cameroonian/Cameroon

Canadian

Canadian American Indian

Cape Verdean

Carpatho Rusyn

Celtic

Central American Indian

Cherokee

Cheyenne

Chickasaw

Chilean

Chinese

Chippewa

Choctaw

Colombian

Colville

Comanche

Congolese/Congo

Costa Rican

Creek

Creole

Croat/Croatian

Crow

Cuban

Cypriot

Czech

Czechoslovakian

Dane/Danish

Delaware

Dominican

Dutch

Dutch West Indian/Indies

East Indian

Eastern Cherokee

Ecuadorian

Egyptian

Emirati/United Arab Emirates

English

Eritrean

Eskimo

Estonian

Ethiopian

Fijian

Filipino/Philippine

Finn/Finnish

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Fleming/Flemish

French

French Canadian

Fulani/Hausa

Georgian

German

German Russian

Ghanaian/Ghanian

Greek

Grenadian

Guamanian/Chamorro

Guatemalan

Guyanese

Haitian

Hawaiian/Native Hawaiian

Hmong

Honduran

Hopi

Hungarian

Ibo/Igbo

Icelander

Indonesian

Inupiat Eskimo

Iranian

Iraqi

Irish

Iroquois

Israeli

Italian

Ivoirian/Ivory Coast

Jamaican

Japanese

Javanese/Java/Jawa

Jewish/Jew

Jordanian

Kazakh/Qazaq

Kazakhstani

Kenyan

Keres

Khmer

Kinh/Viet

Kiowa

Kittitian/Nevisian

Korean

Kurd/Kurdish

Kuwaiti

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Lao Loum/Lowland Lao

Lao/Laotian

Latin American Indian

Latvian

Lebanese

Liberian

Libyan

Lithuanian

Lumbee

Luxemburger

Macedonian

Malay

Malaysian

Maltese

Maori

Mende

Mestizo

Mexican

Mexican American Indian

Mohawk

Moldovan/Moldavian

Montenegrin

Moroccan

Muscogee (Creek) Nation

Navajo

Nepalese/Nepali

New Zealander/New Zealand

Nicaraguan

Nigerian

Norwegian

Oglala Sioux

Okinawan

Oklahoma Choctaw

Oneida Nation of New York/Oneida

Oromo

Osage

Ottawa

Paiute

Pakistani

Palestinian

Panamanian

Paraguayan

Part Hawaiian

Pashtun/Pathan

Pennsylvania German

Persian

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Peruvian

Pima

Pole/Polish

Portuguese

Potawatomi

Pueblo

Puerto Rican

Puget Sound Salish

Quechua

Romanian

Rosebud Sioux

Russian

Saint Lucian

Salvadoran

Samoan

San Carlos Apache

Saudi/Saudi Arabian

Sault Ste. Marie Chippewa

Scandinavian

Scotch-Irish

Scottish

Seminole

Seneca

Senegalese

Serb/Serbian

Shawnee

Shona

Shoshone

Sierra Leonean

Singaporean/Singapore

Sinhalese/Singhalese

Sioux

Slavic

Slovak

Slovene/Slovenian

Somali/Somalian

South African

South American Indian

Soviet/Soviet Union

Spaniard/Spanish

Spanish American Indian

Sri Lankan

Sudanese

Swede/Swedish

Swiss

Syrian

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Tagalog

Tahitian

Taiwanese

Tanzanian

Temne/Temme/Themne

Teton Sioux

Thai

Tigrinya/Tigray/Tigraway

Tlingit

Tlingit-Haida

Togolese/Togo

Tohono O'Odham

Tongan

Trinidadian/Tobagonian

Tunisian

Turk/Turkish

Turtle Mountain Band/Turtle Mountain

U.S. Virgin Islander

Ugandan

Ukrainian

Uruguayan

Ute

Uzbek/Uzbeg

Uzbekistani

Venezuelan

Vietnamese

Welsh

West Indian

White Mountain Apache

Yakama

Yaqui

Yemeni

Yoruba

Yugoslavian

Yup’ik/Yupik Eskimo

Zimbabwean

Zuni

Decline to State

Other

Unknown

Currently, Granular Ethnicity is not available as a multiple response field for multiethnic persons. Request for IT change is underway.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Spoken Language

Abkhaz

Afar

Afrikaans

Akan

Albanian

Algonquin

American Sign Language

Amharic

Apachean/Apache

Arabic

Aramaic

Armenian

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic/Assyrian

Aymaran/Aymara

Aztec/Nahuatl

Bantu

Bashkir

Basque

Bengali

Bhojpuri

Bislama

Bosnian

Breton

Bulgarian

Burmese

Cantonese/Chinese, Yue

Catalan-Valencian-Balear

Cebuano

Chamorro

Chaochow/Chinese, Min Nan

Chaozhou/Chinese, Min Nan

Cherokee

Chuukese/Trukese

Corsican

Croatian

Cushitic/Cushite

Czech

Dakota

Danish

Dari, Zoroastrian/Dari

Dinka

Dutch

English

Esperanto

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Farsi/Persian

Fijian

Filipino

Finnish

Formosan

French

French Creole

French, Cajun/Cajun

Fukienese/Chinese, Min Nan

Fula/Fulani

Fuzhou/Chinese, Min Dong

Gaelic, Irish/Irish Gaelic

Georgian

German

German, Pennsylvania/Pennsylvania Dutch

Greek

Gujarati/Gujarathi

Guranai

Haitian Creole French/Haitian Creole

Hakka/Chinese, Hakka

Hawaiian

Hebrew

Hindi

Hmongic/Hmong

Hmong-Mien/Miao-Yao

Huizhou/Chinese, Huizhou

Hungarian

Igbo/Ibo

Ilocano

Indonesian

Inuktitut, Greenlandic

Italian

Iu Mien/Mien

Jamaican Creole English/Jamaican Creole

Japanese

Kannada

Kashmiri

Keres

Korean

Kru

Kurdish

Kusaiean/Kosraean

Ladino

Languedocien/Occitan

Lao/Laotian

Latvian/Lettish

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Lingala

Lithuanian

Macedonian

Malay

Malayalam

Mandarin/Chinese, Mandarin

Mande

Marathi

Marshallese

Maya, Yucatan/Yucateco

Micronesian

Mixteco

Mongolian Proper/Mongolian

Mon-Khmer/Khmer

Navajo

Nepali

Norwegian

Oriya

Oromo

Palauan/Palau

Pampangan/Pampango

Panjabi

Pashto

Patois

Pohnpeian

Polish

Portuguese

Provencal

Punjabi

Quechuan/Quechua

Romanian/Moldavian

Rundi/Kirundi

Russian

Rwanda/Kinyarwanda

Samoan

Sango/Sangho

Serbian

Shanghainese/Chinese, Wu

Shona

Sign Language (Other)

Sinhala/Sinhalese

Slovak

Somali

Songhai/Songhay

Soninke

Sorbian, Lower/Lusatian

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Sorbian, Upper

Sotho, Southern/Sesotho

Spanish

Swahili/Kiswahili

Swedish

Tagalog

Taiwanese/Chinese, Min Nan

Tamil

Tatar

Telugu

Thai

Tibetan

Tigrigna/Tigrinya

Toishanese/Chinese, Yue

Tonga/Western Nyasa

Tongan

Tsimshian

Tsonga

Tswana/Setswana

Tupi-Guarani/Guarani

Turkish

Turkmen

Twi (Akan)

Ukrainian

Urdu

Vietnamese

Vlaams/Flemish

Wolof

Xhosa

Yapese

Yi, Sichuan/Szechuan

Yiddish

Yoruba

Zulu

Do Not Speak

Decline to State

Other

Unknown


Spoken Language is a multiple response field.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Written Language

Abkhaz

Afar

Afrikaans

Akan

Albanian

Algonquin

Amharic

Apachean/Apache

Arabic

Aramaic

Armenian

Assyrian Neo-Aramaic/Assyrian

Aymaran/Aymara

Aztec/Nahuatl

Bantu

Bashkir

Basque

Bengali

Bhojpuri

Bislama

Bosnian

Braille

Breton

Bulgarian

Burmese

Catalan-Valencian-Balear

Cebuano

Chamorro

Cherokee

Chinese, Simplified

Chinese, Traditional

Chuukese/Trukese

Corsican

Croatian

Cushitic/Cushite

Czech

Dakota

Danish

Dari, Zoroastrian/Dari

Dinka

Dutch

English

Esperanto

Farsi/Persian

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Fijian

Filipino

Finnish

Formosan

French

French Creole

French, Cajun/Cajun

Fula/Fulani

Gaelic, Irish/Irish Gaelic

Georgian

German

German, Pennsylvania/Pennsylvania Dutch

Greek

Gujarati/Gujarathi

Guranai

Haitian Creole French/Haitian Creole

Hawaiian

Hebrew

Hindi

Hmongic/Hmong

Hmong-Mien/Miao-Yao

Hungarian

Igbo/Ibo

Ilocano

Indonesian

Inuktitut, Greenlandic

Italian

Iu Mien/Mien

Jamaican Creole English/Jamaican Creole

Japanese

Kannada

Kashmiri

Keres

Korean

Kru

Kurdish

Kusaiean/Kosraean

Languedocien/Occitan

Lao/Laotian

Latvian/Lettish

Lingala

Lithuanian

Macedonian

Malay

Malayalam

Mande

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Marathi

Marshallese

Maya, Yucatan/Yucateco

Micronesian

Mixteco

Mongolian Proper/Mongolian

Mon-Khmer/Khmer

Navajo

Nepali

Norwegian, Bokmal/Bokmal

Norwegian, Nynorsk/Nynorsk

Oriya

Oromo

Palauan/Palau

Pampangan/Pampango

Panjabi

Pashto

Patois

Pohnpeian

Polish

Portuguese

Provencal

Punjabi

Quechuan/Quechua

Romanian/Moldavian

Rundi/Kirundi

Russian

Rwanda/Kinyarwanda

Samoan

Sango/Sangho

Serbian

Shona

Sinhala/Sinhalese

Slovak

Somali

Songhai/Songhay

Soninke

Sorbian, Lower/Lusatian

Sorbian, Upper

Sotho, Southern/Sesotho

Spanish

Swahili/Kiswahili

Swedish

Tagalog

Tamil

Tatar

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×

Telugu

Thai

Tibetan

Tigrigna/Tigrinya

Tonga/Western Nyasa

Tongan

Tsimshian

Tsonga

Tswana/Setswana

Tupi-Guarani/Guarani

Turkish

Turkmen

Twi (Akan)

Ukrainian

Urdu

Vietnamese

Vlaams/Flemish

Wolof

Xhosa

Yapese

Yiddish

Yoruba

Zulu

Do Not Read/Write

Decline to State

Other

Unknown

Written Language is a multiple response field.


For more information, please contact:


Gayle Tang, RN, MSN

Director, National Linguistic & Cultural Programs

National Diversity, Kaiser Permanente

One Kaiser Plaza, 17 Lakeside

Oakland, CA 94612


Email: Gayle.Tang@kp.org

Phone: 510-271-6828

Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
×
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×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
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Page 215
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
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Page 216
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
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Page 217
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
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Page 218
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
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Page 219
Suggested Citation:"Appendix G: Kaiser Permanente: Evolution of Data Collection on Race, Ethnicity, and Language Preference Information." Institute of Medicine. 2009. Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data: Standardization for Health Care Quality Improvement. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12696.
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Page 220
Next: Appendix H: Contra Costa Health Plan Language Assistance Database and Ethnicity Categories »
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The goal of eliminating disparities in health care in the United States remains elusive. Even as quality improves on specific measures, disparities often persist. Addressing these disparities must begin with the fundamental step of bringing the nature of the disparities and the groups at risk for those disparities to light by collecting health care quality information stratified by race, ethnicity and language data. Then attention can be focused on where interventions might be best applied, and on planning and evaluating those efforts to inform the development of policy and the application of resources. A lack of standardization of categories for race, ethnicity, and language data has been suggested as one obstacle to achieving more widespread collection and utilization of these data.

Race, Ethnicity, and Language Data identifies current models for collecting and coding race, ethnicity, and language data; reviews challenges involved in obtaining these data, and makes recommendations for a nationally standardized approach for use in health care quality improvement.

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