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Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis: Workshop Summary
Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis
Workshop Summary
Elizabeth Haytmanek and Katherine McClure, Rapporteurs
Board on Global Health
Food and Nutrition Board
INSTITUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
www.nap.edu
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Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis: Workshop Summary
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
500 Fifth Street, N.W. Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine.
This study was supported by Grant No. 51649 between the National Academy of Sciences and the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, with additional support from the PepsiCo Foundation. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies that provided support for this project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-14018-8
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-14018-8
Additional copies of this report are available from the
National Academies Press,
500 Fifth Street, N.W., Lockbox 285, Washington, DC, 20055; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313 (in the Washington metropolitan area); Internet, http://www.nap.edu.
For more information about the Institute of Medicine, visit the IOM home page at: www.iom.edu.
Copyright 2010 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
The serpent has been a symbol of long life, healing, and knowledge among almost all cultures and religions since the beginning of recorded history. The serpent adopted as a logotype by the Institute of Medicine is a relief carving from ancient Greece, now held by the Staatliche Museen in Berlin.
Suggested citation: IOM (Institute of Medicine). 2010. Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis: Workshop Summary
“Knowing is not enough; we must apply.
Willing is not enough; we must do.”
—Goethe
INSTITIUTE OF MEDICINE OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advising the Nation. Improving Health.
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Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis: Workshop Summary
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
www.national-academies.org
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Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis: Workshop Summary
PLANNING COMMITTEE ON MITIGATING THE NUTRITIONAL IMPACTS OF THE GLOBAL FOOD PRICE CRISIS1
REYNALDO MARTORELL (Chair), Robert W. Woodruff Professor,
International Nutrition;
Senior Advisor,
Global Health Institute, Hubert Department of Global Health, The Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
HANS HERREN, President,
Millennium Institute, Arlington, Virginia
ISATOU JALLOW, Chief,
Women, Children and Gender Policy, UN World Food Program, Rome, Italy
RUTH K. ONIANG’O, Executive Director,
Rural Outreach Program, Nairobi, Kenya
PER PINSTRUP-ANDERSEN, H.E. Babcock Professor of Food, Nutrition and Public Policy,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
JUAN A. RIVERA, Director,
Center for Research in Nutrition and Health, National Institute of Public Health, Mexico;
Professor,
Nutrition, School of Public Health, Cuernavaca, Mexico
RICARDO UAUY, Professor,
Nutrition and Pediatrics, University of Chile, Santiago, Chile
KEITH P. WEST, JR., Professor,
International Nutrition, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland
Study Staff
ELIZABETH HAYTMANEK, Study Director
KATHERINE MCCLURE, Senior Program Associate
GUI LIU, Senior Program Assistant
MEGAN PEREZ, Intern
JULIE WILTSHIRE, Financial Officer
PATRICK KELLEY, Director,
Board on Global Health
LINDA D. MEYERS, Director,
Food and Nutrition Board
1
IOM planning committees are solely responsible for organizing the workshop, identifying topics, and choosing speakers. The responsibility for the published workshop summary rests with the workshop rapporteurs and the institution. The planning committee’s role was limited to planning the workshop, and the workshop summary has been prepared by the workshop rapporteurs as a factual summary of what occurred at the workshop.
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Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis: Workshop Summary
Reviewers
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
Eileen Kennedy, Tufts University Friedman School of Nutrition Science and Policy
Vivica Kraak, Save the Children
Per Pinstrup-Andersen, Cornell University
Meera Shekar, The World Bank
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Hugh Tilson, University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health. Appointed by the Institute of Medicine, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authors and the institution.
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Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis: Workshop Summary
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Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis: Workshop Summary
Contents
SUMMARY
1
1
INTRODUCTION
7
Workshop Background,
8
Welcome from the Sponsor,
Ellen Piwoz
9
References,
12
2
THE DUAL CRISES: TANDEM THREATS TO NUTRITION
13
The Recent and Current Food Price Crisis and Future Perspectives,
Per Pinstrup-Andersen
14
The Current Global Economic Crisis and Future Perspectives,
Hans Timmer
21
Discussion,
26
References,
30
3
IMPACTS ON NUTRITION
31
Conceptual Presentation on Pathways to Nutritional Impact,
Ricardo Uauy
31
Existing Evidence of Nutritional Impacts,
Francesco Branca
38
Are the Urban Poor Particularly Vulnerable?,
Marie Ruel
43
Discussion,
46
References,
48
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Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis: Workshop Summary
4
RESPONDING TO THE CRISES AT THE COUNTRY LEVEL
49
The Role of Ministries in Responding to the Crises at the Country Level,
Ruth Oniang’o
49
Review of National Responses to the Food Crisis,
Hafez Ghanem
51
The Case of Mexico,
Graciela Teruel Belismelis
55
The Global Food Price Crisis and Food Development Strategy in China,
Fangquan Mei
57
Food Prices, Consumption, and Nutrition in Ethiopia: Implications of Recent Price Shocks,
Paul Dorosh
60
Bangladesh Case Study,
Josephine Iziku Ippe
66
Discussion,
71
References,
72
5
A ROLE FOR NUTRITION SURVEILLANCE IN ADDRESSING THE GLOBAL FOOD CRISIS
75
Nutrition Surveillance in Relation to the Food Price and Economic Crises,
John Mason
76
Insights from 25 Years of Helen Keller International’s Nutrition Surveillance in Bangladesh and Indonesia,
Andrew Thorne-Lyman
82
Famine Early Warning Systems Network, Nutrition Surveillance, and Early Warning,
Chris Hillbruner
85
Listening Posts Project: A Concept for a Real-Time Surveillance System Nested Within a Program,
Anna Taylor
88
Food Security, Nutrition Monitoring, and the Global Food Price Crisis: USAID/FFP Title II Programs,
Ellen Mathys
91
Discussion,
95
References,
96
6
THE GLOBAL RESPONSE TO THE CRISES
99
Introduction to the Global Nutrition Landscape,
Ruth Levine
99
The Role and Capacity of Foundations in Responding to the Crises,
Haddis Tadesse
106
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Mitigating the Nutritional Impacts of the Global Food Price Crisis: Workshop Summary
The Role of Food Companies in Responding to the Crises,
Derek Yach
110
The Advocacy Role of Civil Society Organizations in Responding to the Economic and Food Price Crises,
Asma Lateef
114
The Role and Capacity of Civil Society in Responding to the Crises,
Tom Arnold
116
Mitigating the Nutritional Impact of the Global Food Security Crisis: The Role and Capacity of UN Agencies in Response to the Crisis,
David Nabarro
118
The Role and Capacity of UNICEF in Responding to the Crises,
Werner Schultink
123
The Role and Capacity of the WFP in Responding to the Crises,
Martin Bloem
125
The Role and Capacity of FAO in Responding to the Crises,
Hafez Ghanem
127
The Role and Capacity of WHO in Responding to the Crises,
Francesco Branca
129
Discussion,
131
References,
133
7
U.S. POLICY IN FOOD AND NUTRITION
135
The Roadmap to End Global Hunger,
James McGovern
135
USAID’s Response to the Food Crisis and Preventing Malnutrition for the Future,
Michael Zeilinger
140
Food Security in the 21st Century,
Nina Fedoroff
145
USDA’s Response to the Crises and Future Perspectives,
Rajiv Shah
147
Renewing American Leadership in the Fight Against Global Hunger and Poverty,
Catherine Bertini and Dan Glickman
151
Discussion,
155
Workshop Closing Remarks,
Reynaldo Martorell
156
References,
158
APPENDIXES
A
Workshop Agenda
159
B
Speaker Biographies
165
C
Workshop Registrants
183
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