Driving and the Built Environment: The Effects of Compact Development on Motorized Travel, Energy Use, and CO2 Emissions -- Special Report 298

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Driving and the Built Environment: The Effects of Compact Development on Motorized Travel, Energy Use, and CO2 Emissions

	Summary	1
1	Introduction	15
	Study Charge and Scope	16
	Trends in VMT Growth	19
	Development Strategies to Curb VMT Growth	21
	Organization of the Report	27
2	Trends in Development Patterns	31
	National and Metropolitan Area Trends in Population and Development	31
	Spatial Trends Within Metropolitan Areas	34
	Findings and Implications for Travel	46
3	Impacts of Land Use Patterns on Vehicle Miles Traveled: Evidence from the Literature	50
	The Built Environment–VMT Connection	51
	Issues Related to Research Design and Data	54
	Literature Review	64
	Case Studies	84
	Findings	88
	Annex 3-1: Details of Case Studies	94
4	Future Residential Development Patterns	106
	Opportunities for Growth in Demand for Compact Development	107
	Forecasting the Demand for New Housing	118
	Impediments to the Supply of Compact Development	122
	Apparent Undersupply of Higher-Density, Mixed-Use Developments	126
	Strategies for Overcoming Impediments to Compact Development	129
	Findings	137

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Driving and the Built Environment: The Effects of Compact Development on Motorized Travel, Energy Use, and CO2 Emissions -- Special Report 298 (2009)
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems (BEES)

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