School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children

TABLE F-1 Median Heights and Weights of Male Subjects in the Third School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study (SNDA-III) as Compared to the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Growth Charts, by Age

Age (y)	Height (m)		Weight (kg)
Age (y)	SNDA^a	CDC^b	SNDA^a	CDC^b
6	1.20	1.15	23.59	20.70
7	1.26	1.22	27.05	23.10
8	1.30	1.28	29.93	25.60
9	1.37	1.34	33.45	28.60
10	1.44	1.39	41.82	31.90
11	1.48	1.44	44.45	35.90
12	1.57	1.49	51.27	40.50
13	1.62	1.56	54.91	45.60
14	1.68	1.64	64.77	51.00
15	1.72	1.70	66.14	56.30
16	1.74	1.74	70.64	60.90
17	1.76	1.75	75.18	64.60
18	1.75	1.76	71.17	67.20
NOTES: kg = kilograms; m = meters; y = years. SOURCES: ^aAnalysis of SNDA-III data (USDA/FNS, 2007a); ^bKuczmarski et al., 2000.

TABLE F-2 Median Heights and Weights of Female Subjects in the Third School Nutrition Dietary Assessment Study (SNDA-III) as Compared to the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Growth Charts, by Age

Age (y)	Height (m)		Weight (kg)
Age (y)	SNDA^a	CDC^b	SNDA^a	CDC^b
6	1.21	1.15	24.55	20.20
7	1.25	1.21	26.45	22.80
8	1.31	1.28	28.73	25.60
9	1.38	1.33	35.00	29.00
10	1.45	1.38	42.18	32.90
11	1.49	1.44	45.27	37.20
12	1.56	1.51	51.00	41.60
13	1.60	1.57	58.50	45.80
14	1.60	1.60	59.43	49.40
15	1.61	1.62	59.00	52.00
16	1.61	1.63	63.36	53.90
17	1.63	1.63	66.43	55.10
18	1.63	1.63	64.55	56.20
NOTES: kg = kilograms; m = meters; y = years. SOURCES: ^aAnalysis of SNDA-III data (USDA/FNS, 2007a); ^bKuczmarski et al., 2000.

Table of Contents

Front Matter R1-R14

Summary 1-18

1 Introduction and Background 19-32

2 Foundation for Revising Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements 33-46

3 Schoolchildren's Food and Nutrient Intakes and Related Health Concerns 47-68

4 Process for Developing the Nutrient Targets 69-90

5 Process for Developing the Meal Requirements 91-106

6 Iterations - Achieving the Best Balance of Nutrition, Student Acceptance, Practicality, and Cost 107-114

7 Recommendations for Nutrient Targets and Meal Requirements for School Meals 115-130

8 Food Cost Implications and Market Effects 131-154

9 Projected Impact of the Recommended Nutrient Targets and Meal Requirements 155-178

10 Implementation, Evaluation, and Research 179-208

11 References 209-220

Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary 221-228

Appendix B: Biographical Sketches of Committee Members 229-236

Appendix C: Critical Issues for Consideration by the Committee on Nutrition Standards for National School Lunch and Breakfast Programs, as Submitted by the U.S. Department of Agriculture 237-244

Appendix D: January 2009 Workshop Agenda and Summary of Public Comments 245-254

Appendix E: Standards for the Current Food- and Nutrient-Based Menu Planning Approaches 255-258

Appendix F: Data Used to Calculate Estimated Energy Requirements 259-262

Appendix G: Data Tables Containing Examples of New SNDA-III Analyses 263-268

Appendix H: Uses of MyPyramid Food Groups and the MyPyramid Spreadsheet 269-284

Appendix I: Dietary Intake Data and Calculation of the Target Median Intake for Iron 285-292

Appendix J: Target Median Intake (TMI) Tables 293-296

Appendix K: Use of the School Meals Menu Analysis Program 297-304

Appendix L: Baseline Menus 305-330

Appendix M: Sample Menus 331-362

Appendix N: Evidence Considered Related to the Definition for Whole Grain-Rich Foods 363-366

Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children 367-372

Appendix P: Comparison of Dietary Guidelines for Americans with Recommended Meal Requirements 373-378

Appendix Q: Regulations Related to the Sodium Content of Foods Labeled "Healthy" 379-380