National Academies Press: OpenBook

School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children (2010)

Chapter: Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children

« Previous: Appendix N: Evidence Considered Related to the Definition for Whole Grain-Rich Foods
Suggested Citation:"Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
×

Appendix O
Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children

LIST OF TABLES

  • Table O-1 Comparison of the Recommended Nutrient Targets with Existing Nutrition Standards for the School Meals Program

  • Table O-2 Comparison of the Recommended Nutrient Targets for the School Breakfast Program and the National School Lunch Program with Values Based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances or Adequate Intake, Elementary School (Ages 5–10 Years)

  • Table O-3 Comparison of the Recommended Nutrient Targets for the School Breakfast Program and the National School Lunch Program with Values Based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances or Adequate Intake, Middle School (Ages 11–13 Years)1

1

The table showing the comparison of the recommended Nutrient Targets for the School Breakfast Program and National School Lunch Program with values based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances or Adequate Intake for high school students can be found in Chapter 7, Table 7-2.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
×

TABLE O-1 Comparison of the Recommended Nutrient Targets with Existing Nutrition Standards for the School Meal Programs

 

Elementary Breakfast

Middle School Breakfast

High School Breakfast

 

Nutrient Targets

Current Stdsa*

Nutrient Targets

Current Stdsa*

Nutrient Targets

Current Stdsa*

Calories (kcal)

350–500

554

400–550

554

450–600

554

Cholesterol (mg)

< 65

< 65

< 65

Total Fat (% of calories)

25–35

≤ 30%

25–35

≤ 30%

25–35

≤ 30%

Sat. Fat (% of calories)

< 10

< 10

< 10

< 10

< 10

< 10

trans fat

0

0

0

Linoleic Acid (g)

2.2

2.5

3.0

α-Linolenic Acid (g)

0.21

0.25

0.3

Protein (g)

10.2

10

21.6

10.0

21.8

10.0

Vitamin A (μg RAE)

129

197

162

197

186

197

Vitamin C (mg)

16

13

20

13

26

13

Vitamin E (mg αT)

2.0

2.7

3.7

Thiamin (mg)

0.2

0.3

0.4

Riboflavin (mg)

0.31

0.41

0.45

Niacin (mg)

3.2

4.0

4.9

Vitamin B6 (mg)

0.3

0.4

0.4

Folate (μg DFE)

91

114

138

Vitamin B12 (μg)

0.8

0.9

1.1

Iron (mg)

2.3

3.0

3.5

3.0

4.0

3.0

Magnesium (mg)

49

66

99

Zinc (mg)

2.0

2.5

2.9

Calcium (mg)

223

257

296

257

323

257

Phosphorus (mg)

242

362

384

Potassium (mg)

909

1,023

1,169

Sodium (mg)

≤ 434

≤ 473

≤ 495

Fiber (g)

5.7

6.2

7.2

NOTES: — = none; αT = α-tocopherol; DFE = dietary folate equivalent; g = gram; kcal = calories; mg = milligram; RAE = retinol activity equivalent; Stds = standards; μg = microgram.

aBased on food-based menu planning approach, option for kindergarten through grade 12.

bBased on food-based menu planning approach, option for kindergarten through grade 3.

cBased on food-based menu planning approach, option for grades 4–12.

dBased on food-based menu planning approach, option for grades 7–12.

SOURCES:

*Derived from USDA/FNS, 2000a, 2008e.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
×

Elementary Breakfast

Middle School Breakfast

High School Breakfast

Nutrient Targets

Current Stdsb*

Nutrient Targets

Current Stdsc*

Nutrient Targets

Current Stdsd*

550–650

633

600–700

785

750–850

825

< 96

< 96

< 96

25–35

≤ 30%

25–35

≤ 30%

25–35

≤ 30%

< 10

< 10

< 10

< 10

< 10

< 10

0

0

0

3.3

3.6

4.5

0.31

0.36

0.45

15.2

9.0

32.2

15.0

32.5

16.0

192

200

241

285

277

300

24

15

30

17

39

18

3.0

4.0

5.4

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.46

0.61

0.67

4.7

6.0

7.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

136

169

205

1.2

1.3

1.6

3.4

3.3

5.2

4.2

5.9

4.5

72

98

147

2.9

3.7

4.3

332

267

440

370

481

400

361

538

572

1,353

1,523

1,740

≤ 636

≤ 704

≤ 736

8.5

9.3

10.7

Suggested Citation:"Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
×

TABLE O-2 Comparison of the Recommended Nutrient Targets for the School Breakfast Program and the National School Lunch Program with Values Based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) or Adequate Intake (AI), Elementary School (Ages 5–10 Years)

Nutrient

SM-TMI

Current RDA/AI*

Breakfast Targetsa

Lunch Targetsb

Nutrient Targets

RDA/AI Method

Nutrient Targets

RDA/AI Method

Protein (g)

47.4

25

10.2

6.3

15.2

8.3

Vitamin A (μg RAE)c

601

480

129

120

192

160

Vitamin C (mg)c

74

33

16

8.3

24

11

Vitamin E (mg αT)

9.3

8.6

2.0

2.2

3.0

2.9

Thiamin (mg)c

1.16

0.7

0.25

0.18

0.37

0.24

Riboflavin (mg)c

1.45

0.7

0.31

0.18

0.46

0.24

Niacin (mg)c

14.7

9.6

3.2

2.4

4.7

3.2

Vitamin B6 (mg)

1.24

0.8

0.27

0.19

0.40

0.25

Folate (μg DFE)

425

240

91

60

136

80

Vitamin B12 (μg)

3.7

1.4

0.8

0.4

1.2

0.5

Iron (mg)c

10.5

9.2

2.3

2.3

3.4

3.1

Magnesium (mg)c

226

174

49

44

72

58

Zinc (mg)c

9.1

6.2

2.0

1.6

2.9

2.1

Calcium (mg)

1,037

1,000

223

250

332

333

Phosphorus (mg)

1,127

800

242

200

361

266

Potassium (mg)

4,229

4,080

909

1,020

1,353

1,359

Sodium (mg)

2,020d

1,320

≤ 434d

330e

≤ 636d

440e

Linoleic Acid (g)

10.4

10.4

2.2

2.6

3.3

3.5

α-Linolenic Acid (g)

0.97

1.0

0.21

0.25

0.31

0.33

Fiber (g)c

26.5

26.4

5.7

6.6

8.5

8.8

NOTES: AIs are presented in italics. RDA/AI values are expressed as a weighted average of the 4–8- and 9–10-year-old groups. αT = α-tocopherol; DFE = dietary folate equivalent; g = gram; kg = kilogram; mg = milligram; RAE = retinol activity equivalent; RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance; SM-TMI = School Meal-Target Median Intake; μg = microgram; y = years.

aNutrient Targets based on 21.5 percent of the School Meal-TMI; RDA/AI Method values are based on 25 percent of the RDA or AI.

bNutrient Targets based on 32 percent of the School Meal-TMI; RDA/AI Method values are based on 33.3 percent of the RDA or AI.

cRDA/AI expressed as mean for males and females.

dTargets for sodium, which are based on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level, are for the year 2020.

eValues for sodium are based on the AI for sodium.

SOURCE:

*IOM, 2006.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
×

TABLE O-3 Comparison of the Recommended Nutrient Targets for the School Breakfast Program and the National School Lunch Program with Values Based on the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDA) or Adequate Intake (AI), Middle School (Ages 11–13 Years)

Nutrient

SM-TMI

Current RDA/AI*

Breakfast Targetsa

Lunch Targetsb

Nutrient Targets

RDA/AI Method

Nutrient Targets

RDA/AI Method

Protein (g)

100.6

34

21.6

8.5

32.2

11.3

Vitamin A (μg RAE)c

753

600

162

150

241

200

Vitamin C (mg)c

93

45

20

11

30

15

Vitamin E (mg αT)

12.5

11.0

2.7

2.8

4.0

3.7

Thiamin (mg)c

1.48

0.9

0.32

0.23

0.47

0.30

Riboflavin (mg)c

1.9

0.9

0.41

0.23

0.61

0.30

Niacin (mg)c

18.8

12.0

4.0

3.0

6.0

4.0

Vitamin B6 (mg)

1.69

1.0

0.36

0.25

0.54

0.33

Folate (μg DFE)

528

300

114

75

169

100

Vitamin B12 (μg)

4.2

1.8

0.90

0.5

1.34

0.6

Iron (mg)c

16.4

8.0

3.5

2.0

5.2

2.7

Magnesium (mg)c

306

240

66

60

98

80

Zinc (mg)c

11.6

8.0

2.5

2.0

3.7

2.7

Calcium (mg)

1,375

1,300

296

325

440

433

Phosphorus (mg)

1,682

1,250

362

313

538

416

Potassium (mg)

4,760

4,500

1,023

1,125

1,523

1,499

Sodium (mg)

2,200d

1,500

≤ 473d

375e

≤ 704d

500e

Linoleic Acid (g)

11.4

11.0

2.5

2.8

3.6

3.7

α-Linolenic Acid (g)

1.14

1.1

0.25

0.28

0.36

0.37

Fiber (g)c

29.0

28.5

6.2

7.1

9.3

9.5

NOTES: AIs are presented in italics. αT = α-tocopherol; DFE = dietary folate equivalent; g = gram; kg = kilogram; mg = milligram; RAE = retinol activity equivalent; RDA = Recommended Dietary Allowance; SM-TMI = School Meal-Target Median Intake; μg = microgram; y = years.

aNutrient Targets based on 21.5 percent of the School Meal-TMI; RDA/AI Method values are based on 25 percent of the RDA or AI.

bNutrient Targets based on 32 percent of the School Meal-TMI; RDA/AI Method values are based on 33.3 percent of the RDA or AI.

cRDA/AI expressed as mean for males and females.

dTargets for sodium, which are based on the Tolerable Upper Intake Level, are for the year 2020.

eValues for sodium are based on the AI for sodium.

SOURCE:

*IOM, 2006.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
×

This page intentionally left blank.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
×
Page 367
Suggested Citation:"Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
×
Page 368
Suggested Citation:"Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
×
Page 369
Suggested Citation:"Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
×
Page 370
Suggested Citation:"Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
×
Page 371
Suggested Citation:"Appendix O: Comparison of Recommended Nutrient Targets to Various Nutrition Standards for School-Aged Children." Institute of Medicine. 2010. School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12751.
×
Page 372
Next: Appendix P: Comparison of *Dietary Guidelines for Americans* with Recommended Meal Requirements »
School Meals: Building Blocks for Healthy Children Get This Book
×
Buy Paperback | $75.00
MyNAP members save 10% online.
Login or Register to save!
Download Free PDF

Ensuring that the food provided to children in schools is consistent with current dietary recommendations is an important national focus. Various laws and regulations govern the operation of school meal programs. In 1995, Nutrition Standards and Meal Requirements were put in place to ensure that all meals offered would be high in nutritional quality.

School Meals reviews and provides recommendations to update the nutrition standard and the meal requirements for the National School Breakfast and Lunch Programs. The recommendations reflect new developments in nutrition science, increase the availability of key food groups in the school meal programs, and allow these programs to better meet the nutritional needs of children, foster healthy eating habits, and safeguard children's health.

School Meals sets standards for menu planning that focus on food groups, calories, saturated fat, and sodium and that incorporate Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Dietary Reference Intakes. This book will be used as a guide for school food authorities, food producers, policy leaders, state/local governments, and parents.

  1. ×

    Welcome to OpenBook!

    You're looking at OpenBook, NAP.edu's online reading room since 1999. Based on feedback from you, our users, we've made some improvements that make it easier than ever to read thousands of publications on our website.

    Do you want to take a quick tour of the OpenBook's features?

    No Thanks Take a Tour »
  2. ×

    Show this book's table of contents, where you can jump to any chapter by name.

    « Back Next »
  3. ×

    ...or use these buttons to go back to the previous chapter or skip to the next one.

    « Back Next »
  4. ×

    Jump up to the previous page or down to the next one. Also, you can type in a page number and press Enter to go directly to that page in the book.

    « Back Next »
  5. ×

    Switch between the Original Pages, where you can read the report as it appeared in print, and Text Pages for the web version, where you can highlight and search the text.

    « Back Next »
  6. ×

    To search the entire text of this book, type in your search term here and press Enter.

    « Back Next »
  7. ×

    Share a link to this book page on your preferred social network or via email.

    « Back Next »
  8. ×

    View our suggested citation for this chapter.

    « Back Next »
  9. ×

    Ready to take your reading offline? Click here to buy this book in print or download it as a free PDF, if available.

    « Back Next »
Stay Connected!