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Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12794.
×

Abbreviations

AEF America’s Energy Future

Ag silver

APEEP Air Pollution Emission Experiments and Policy

As arsenic

AWEA American Wind Energy Association

BBL barrel

BD2- biodiesel 20% blend

BOS balance of system

Btu British thermal unit

CAFE corporate average fuel economy

CAIR Clean Air Interstate Rule

CAMR Clear Air Mercury Rule

CARB California Air Resources Board

CCB coal combustion by-product

CCR coal combustion residue

CCS carbon capture and storage

Cd cadmium

CdTe cadmium-telluride

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CG compressed gasoline

CH4 methane

CHP combined heat and power

CMAQ Community Multiscale Air Quality model

Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12794.
×

CNG compressed natural gas

CO carbon monoxide

Co cobalt

CO2 carbon dioxide

CO2-eq carbon dioxide equivalent

Cr chromium

CRP Conservation Reserve Program

CRS Congressional Research Service

Cu copper

DICE Dynamic Integrated Model of Climate and the Economy

DOE U.S. Department of Energy

DOT U.S. Department of Transportation

E10 ethanol 10% blend

E85 ethanol 85% blend

EGR enhanced gas recovery

EGU electricity-generating unit

EIA Energy Information Administration

EISA Energy Independence and Security Act

EOR enhance oil recovery

EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency

ERR estimated recoverable reserves

EtOH ethanol

FBC fluidized bed combustion

FERC Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

FGD flue gas desulfurization

FPEIS Final Programmatic Environmental Impact Statement

FUND Climate Framework for Uncertainty, Negotiation, and Distribution

GCM global climate model

GDP gross domestic product

gge gasoline gallon equivalent

GHG greenhouse gas

GWP global-warming potential

GREET Greenhouse Gases, Regulated Emissions, and Energy Use in Transportation

GTCC greater than Class C

GW gigawatt

GWh gigawatt hour

Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12794.
×

HAP hazardous air pollutant

HDDV heavy-duty diesel vehicle

HDGV heavy-duty gasoline vehicle

HDV heavy-duty vehicle

HDDV heavy-duty diesel vehicle

HDGV heavy-duty gasoline vehicle

HEV hybrid electricity vehicle

HFCV hydogren fuel-cell vehicle

Hg mercury

HLRW high-level radioactive wastes

IAM integrated assessment model

IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change

IRIS Integrated Risk Information System

kW kilowatt

kWh kilowatt hour

LCA life-cycle assessment

LCIA life-cycle impact assessment

LDV light-duty vehicle

LEED Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design

LLRW low-level radioactive wastes

LNG liquified natural gas

LWR light water reactors

MCF thousand cubic feet

MMBtu million British thermal units

Mn manganese

Mo molybdenum

MOVES Motor Vehicle Emission Simulator

MSRP manufacturer’s suggested retail price

MTM/VF mountain top mining/valley fill

MW megawatt

MWh megawatt hour

N2O nitrous oxide

NEI National Emissions Inventory

NEMS National Energy Modeling System

NEPA National Environmental Policy Act

NERC North American Electric Reliability Corporation

NG natural gas

NGV natural gas vehicle

Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12794.
×

NH3 ammonia

NHI Nuclear Hydrogen Initiative

Ni nickle

NO2 nitrogen dioxide

NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

NOx nitrogen oxides

NRC National Research Council

NWPA Nuclear Waste Policy Act

OECD Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development

OMB Office of Management and Budget

OPEC Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries

ORNL Oakridge National Laboratory

PADD Petroleum Administration for Defense Districts

PAGE Policy Analysis of the Greenhouse Effect

Pb lead

PC pulverized coal

PM10 particulate matter less than or equal to10 micron in aerodynamic diameter (coarse particulate matter)

PM2.5 particulate matter equal to or small than 2.5 micron aerodynamic diameter (fine particulate matter)

PRB Powder River Basin

PV photovoltaic

QALY quality-adjusted life year

quads quadrillion British thermal units

R&D research and development

RCRA Resource Conservation and Recovery Act

RFF Resources for the Future

RFG reformulated gasoline

RICE Regional Integrated Model of Climate and the Economy

SAB Science Advisory Board

Se selenium

SF6 sulfur hexafluoride

SI spark-ignition

SIDI spark-ignition, direct-injection

SO2 sulfur dioxide

SOx sulfur oxides

SPR strategic petroleum reserve

SRR source-receptor relationships

Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12794.
×

SUV sports utility vehicle

THC thermohaline circulation

Tl thallium

TWh terawatt hour

USD U.S. dollars

VHTR very-high-temperature reactor

VMT vehicle miles traveled

VOC volatile organic compound

VSL value of a statistical life

WDL workdays lost

Zn zinc

Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12794.
×
Page 400
Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12794.
×
Page 401
Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12794.
×
Page 402
Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12794.
×
Page 403
Suggested Citation:"Abbreviations." National Research Council. 2010. Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12794.
×
Page 404
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Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use Get This Book
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Despite the many benefits of energy, most of which are reflected in energy market prices, the production, distribution, and use of energy causes negative effects. Many of these negative effects are not reflected in energy market prices. When market failures like this occur, there may be a case for government interventions in the form of regulations, taxes, fees, tradable permits, or other instruments that will motivate recognition of these external or hidden costs.

The Hidden Costs of Energy defines and evaluates key external costs and benefits that are associated with the production, distribution, and use of energy, but are not reflected in market prices. The damage estimates presented are substantial and reflect damages from air pollution associated with electricity generation, motor vehicle transportation, and heat generation. The book also considers other effects not quantified in dollar amounts, such as damages from climate change, effects of some air pollutants such as mercury, and risks to national security.

While not a comprehensive guide to policy, this analysis indicates that major initiatives to further reduce other emissions, improve energy efficiency, or shift to a cleaner electricity generating mix could substantially reduce the damages of external effects. A first step in minimizing the adverse consequences of new energy technologies is to better understand these external effects and damages. The Hidden Costs of Energy will therefore be a vital informational tool for government policy makers, scientists, and economists in even the earliest stages of research and development on energy technologies.

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