Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use

TABLE D-6 GREET Energy and Emission Factors for Light-Duty Autos in 2020

		Total Energy	Petroleum	CO₂	CO_2e	VOC	NO_x	PM_2.5	SO_x
		BTU/VMT	BTU/VMT	g/VMT	g/VMT	g/VMT	g/VMT	g/VMT	g/VMT
RFG SI Autos (Conventional Oil)	Feedstock	314	57	13	25	0.02	0.11	0.00	0.04
	Fuel	1125	410	64	69	0.12	0.11	0.01	0.06
	Operation	4753	4553	365	369	0.15	0.07	0.01	0.01
	Vehicle	633	126	47	50	0.21	0.08	0.03	0.14
RFG SI Autos (Tar Sands)	Feedstock	913	55	60	73	0.02	0.12	0.01	0.04
	Fuel	1177	410	65	70	0.12	0.11	0.01	0.06
	Operation	4753	4553	365	369	0.15	0.07	0.01	0.01
	Vehicle	633	126	47	50	0.21	0.08	0.03	0.14
CG SI Autos (Conventional Oil)	Feedstock	314	57	13	25	0.02	0.11	0.00	0.04
	Fuel	1125	410	64	69	0.12	0.11	0.01	0.06
	Operation	4753	4553	365	369	0.15	0.07	0.01	0.01
	Vehicle	633	126	47	50	0.21	0.08	0.03	0.14
CG SI Autos (Tar Sands)	Feedstock	913	55	60	73	0.02	0.12	0.01	0.04
	Fuel	1177	410	65	70	0.12	0.11	0.01	0.06
	Operation	4753	4553	365	369	0.15	0.07	0.01	0.01
	Vehicle	633	126	47	50	0.21	0.08	0.03	0.14
RFG SIDI Autos (Conventional Oil)	Feedstock	273	50	12	21	0.01	0.09	0.00	0.03
	Fuel	979	357	56	60	0.10	0.10	0.01	0.06
	Operation	4133	3959	317	321	0.15	0.07	0.01	0.01
	Vehicle	633	126	47	50	0.21	0.08	0.03	0.14
RFG SIDI Autos (Tar Sands)	Feedstock	794	48	52	63	0.02	0.10	0.01	0.03
	Fuel	1023	357	57	60	0.10	0.10	0.01	0.06
	Operation	4133	3959	317	321	0.15	0.07	0.01	0.01
	Vehicle	633	126	47	50	0.21	0.08	0.03	0.14