Hidden Costs of Energy: Unpriced Consequences of Energy Production and Use

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Table of Contents
Front Matter R1-R32
Summary 1-21
1 Introduction 22-63
2 Energy for Electricity 64-153
3 Energy for Transportation 154-221
4 Energy for Heat 222-247
5 Climate Change 248-308
6 Infrastructure and Security 309-336
7 Overall Conclusions and Recommendations 337-371
References 372-399
Abbreviations 400-404
Common Units and Conversions 405-408
Appendixes 409-410
Appendix A: Biographic Information on the Committee on Health, Environmental, and Other External Costs and Benefits of Energy Production and Consumption 411-419
Appendix B: A Simple Diagrammatic Example of an Externality 420-422
Appendix C: Description of the Air Pollution Emission Experiments and Policy (APEEP) Model and Its Application 423-431
Appendix D: Description of GREET and Mobile6 Models and Their Applications 432-469
Appendix E: Supplemental Information on Land-Use Externalities from Biofuels: A Case Study of the Boone River Watershed 470-474

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Hydrogen (Gaseous)	Feedstock	153	8	11	23	0.01	0.04	0.00	0.02
	Fuel	1233	21	201	207	0.01	0.08	0.04	0.08
	Operation	1964	0	0	0	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00
	Vehicle	792	160	62	65	0.21	0.09	0.04	0.29
Hydrogen (Liquid)	Feedstock	153	8	11	23	0.01	0.04	0.00	0.02
	Fuel	3122	101	355	367	0.03	0.23	0.09	0.37
	Operation	1964	0	0	0	0.00	0.00	0.01	0.00
	Vehicle	792	160	62	65	0.21	0.09	0.04	0.29
Grid-Independent SI HEV	Feedstock	207	38	9	16	0.01	0.07	0.00	0.02
	Fuel	740	270	42	45	0.08	0.07	0.01	0.04
	Operation	3127	2996	240	244	0.11	0.06	0.01	0.00
	Vehicle	645	122	50	52	0.21	0.08	0.03	0.23
Grid-Dependent SI HEV	Feedstock	187	41	10	18	0.02	0.06	0.04	0.03
	Fuel	1289	201	137	140	0.05	0.14	0.01	0.23
	Operation	2618	2029	161	163	0.07	0.04	0.01	0.00
	Vehicle	645	122	50	52	0.21	0.08	0.03	0.23

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