The Domestic and International Impacts of the 2009-H1N1 Influenza A Pandemic: Global Challenges, Global Solutions: Workshop Summary

FIGURE WO-20 Total influenza viruses from sentinel surveillance by type and week reported to August 23, 2009, and the total percentage positive from the swabs received, New Zealand.

NOTE: All results of sentinel swabs are received by Environmental Science and Research (ESR). The line shows the proportion of those swabs that test positive for any type of influenza. A low proportion may be due to the swabs not successfully retrieving the virus, or that influenza-like-illness (ILI) presentations to sentinel general practioners (GPs) are due to other viruses.

SOURCE: Reprinted from Lopez and Huang (2009) with permission from the Institute of Environmental Science and Research Limited.

Table of Contents

Front Matter R1-R22

Workshop Overview 1-94

Appendix A1 Technical Report for State and Local Public Health Officials and School Administrators on CDC Guidance for School (K-12) Responses to Influenza during the 2009-2010 School Year 95-110

A2 Predicting Emerging Diseases in the Twenty-first Century: The Case of Zoonotic Influenza 111-119

A3 The Spring 2009 Influenza A H1N1 Outbreak: A Local Public Health Perspective 120-136

A4 I nternational Law and Equitable Access to Vaccines and Antivirals in the Context of 2009-H1N1 Influenza 137-154

A5 In Vitro and In Vivo Characterization of New Swine-Origin H1N1 Influenza Viruses 155-190

A6 Estimation of the Reproductive Number and the Serial Interval in Early Phase of the 2009 Influenza A⁄H1N1 Pandemic in the USA 191-207

A7 The Severity of Pandemic H1N1 Influenza in the United States, from April to July 2009: A Bayesian Analysis 208-247

A8 Hard Choices in Difficult Situations: Ethical Issues in Public Health Emergencies 248-268

A9 Rumors of Pandemic: Monitoring Emerging Disease Outbreaks on the Internet 269-282

A10 Preliminary Observation of the Epidemiology of Seasonal and Pandemic Influenza A (H1N1) in South Africa, 2009 283-296

A11 Reflections on the 1976 Swine Flu Vaccination Program 297-305

A12 Southern Hemisphere, Northern Hemisphere: A Global Influenza World 306-326

A13 Influenza (H1N1) Pandemic 2009 327-341

A14 Origins and Evolutionary Genomics of the 2009 Swine-Origin H1N1 Influenza A Epidemic 342-380

Appendix B Agenda 381-385

Appendix C Acronyms 386-388

Appendix D Glossary 389-396

Appendix E Forum Member Biographies 397-418