Ecosystem Concepts for Sustainable Bivalve Mariculture

4	Bivalve Mariculture Contrasted with Wild Fisheries	73
	Comparison of Ecological Effects of Bivalve Mariculture and Wild-Stock Harvest,	73
	Effect of Mariculture on Wild Population Fishing Pressure,	81
	Findings and Recommendations,	86
5	Carrying Capacity and Bivalve Mariculture	87
	What is Carrying Capacity?,	88
	Carrying-Capacity Models,	92
	Marine Spatial Planning: Locating New or Expanding Present Mariculture Operations,	100
	Conclusions,	103
	Findings and Recommendations,	105
6	Economic and Policy Factors Affecting Bivalve Mariculture	107
	Regulation and Permitting,	108
	Markets, Prices, and Trade,	113
	Local Traditions and Not-in-My-Backyard (NIMBY) Issues,	121
	Findings and Recommendations,	122
7	Ecosystem Services of Bivalves: Implications for Restoration	123
	Overview of Ecosystem Services Provided by Bivalve Molluscs,	123
	Bivalve Ecosystem Services,	125
	Use of Molluscs to Promote Estuarine Restoration,	128
	A Role for Molluscan Mariculture in Estuarine and Coastal Ocean Restoration,	130
	Findings and Recommendations,	131
	References	133
	Appendixes
	A Statement of Task	173
	B Committee and Staff Biographies	175