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FIGURE 2 “Attributional” LCA, a systems view. Source: Presentation by John Sheehan, University of Minnesota, June 24, 2009. The workshop presenter suggested that a more appropriate approach would be to consider a “consequential” LCA, which could consider both the immediate or direct impacts as well as the indirect impacts, although still not fully assessing the economic or social impacts (Figure 3). While these analytical tools still do not provide clear guidance for policy makers or investors, they do create a tool for dialogue. A number of workshop participants suggested that more comprehensive systems frameworks are needed to examine the interconnected environmental, economic, and social impacts and to allow the outcomes of alternative systems to be consistently evaluated and 
FIGURE 3 “Consequential” LCA, a systems view. Source: Presentation by John Sheehan, University of Minnesota, June 24, 2009.
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