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OCR for page 417
Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
Appendix F
Sodium Intake Tables
This appendix includes the following tables on sodium intake:
Table F-1: Mean 1-Day Sodium Intake by Dietary Source by Age or Gender for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
Table F-2: Usual Sodium Intake Distributions from All Dietary Sources by Age or Gender for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
Table F-3: Usual Sodium Intake Distributions from Foods by Age or Gender for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
Table F-4: Mean Sodium Intake, Mean Energy Intake, and Mean Sodium Density Values for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
Table F-5: Usual Mean Sodium Intake Distributions from Foods by Age and Race or Ethnicity for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
Table F-6: Usual Sodium (mg/d) Intake Distributions from Foods by Income Level for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
Table F-7: Usual Sodium Intake Distributions from Foods Among Adults with Hypertension
Table F-8: Top 20 Sources of Sodium Intake Within Food Categories for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
Table F-9: Top 10 Food Sources of Sodium Intake by Age or Gender for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
Table F-10: Top 10 Sources of Sodium Intake by Home Versus Away for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
OCR for page 418
Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
TABLE F-1 Mean 1-Day Sodium Intake by Dietary Source by Age or Gender for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
Mean Intake (mg/d)
n
Fooda
SE
Table Saltb
SE
All Ages 2+ Yrs
16,822
3,407
13.8
178
1.4
Children
2–3 yrs
921
2,201
31.4
28
1.9
4–8 yrs
1,680
2,795
29.6
49
1.7
Males
9–13 yrs
1,009
3,513
48.9
93
2.6
14–18 yrs
1,351
4,339
65.6
105
2.3
19–30 yrs
1,097
4,490
64.2
217
5.8
31–50 yrs
1,439
4,448
55.4
237
5.5
51–70 yrs
1,215
3,738
50.4
230
6.0
> 70 yrs
808
3,000
47.0
189
7.1
Femalesc
9–13 yrs
1,039
3,019
43.9
85
2.5
14–18 yrs
1,250
2,980
42.0
112
2.4
19–30 yrs
914
3,062
46.6
207
6.2
31–50 yrs
1,350
3,021
40.4
215
5.4
51–70 yrs
1,251
2,773
35.8
197
5.5
> 70 yrs
787
2,397
38.3
127
5.5
Pregnant and lactating femalesd
711
3,465
55.2
220
6.9
Pregnant females
623
3,541
62.2
201
7.1
Lactating females
99
3,236
121.8
270
19.4
NOTES: d = day; mg = milligram; n = unweighted sample size; SE = standard error.
aIncludes salt added in food preparation and cooking.
bSalt added by the consumer at the table.
cExcludes pregnant and lactating females (shown separately).
dIncludes 11 females who were pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.
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Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
Tap Water
SE
Supplements
SE
All Sources
SE
27
0.3
2
0.2
3,614
14.1
9
0.4
1
0.1
2,239
31.4
12
0.4
1
0.1
2,857
29.8
17
0.7
0
0.1
3,624
48.9
27
1.0
4
0.7
4,474
65.9
32
1.3
2
2.2
4,741
65.1
32
1.1
1
0.2
4,719
56.0
28
1.0
2
0.3
3,999
51.1
25
1.0
3
0.5
3,217
48.5
16
0.6
1
0.1
3,121
44.1
20
0.8
1
0.2
3,113
42.1
29
1.2
1
0.2
3,298
47.8
31
1.1
1
0.2
3,268
41.3
32
1.0
3
0.3
3,005
36.5
26
1.0
4
1.0
2,554
39.1
24
1.4
1
0.2
3,710
55.4
22
1.4
1
0.2
3,765
63.1
28
4.3
0
0.1
3,534
119.0
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Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
TABLE F-2 Usual Sodium Intake Distributions from All Dietary Sources by Age or Gender for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
Usual Intake Percentiles (mg/d)
n
AI
UL
5th
10th
25th
All ages 2+ yrs
16,822
2,007
2,283
2,799
Children
2–3 yrs
921
1,000
1,500
1,378
1,532
1,819
4–8 yrs
1,680
1,200
1,900
1,876
2,054
2,382
Males
9–13 yrs
1,009
1,500
2,200
2,572
2,770
3,122
14–18 yrs
1,351
1,500
2,300
2,543
2,883
3,509
19–30 yrs
1,097
1,500
2,300
2,960
3,293
3,903
31–50 yrs
1,439
1,500
2,300
2,895
3,235
3,850
51–70 yrs
1,215
1,300
2,300
2,373
2,668
3,214
> 70 yrs
808
1,200
2,300
1,963
2,191
2,612
Femalesa
9–13 yrs
1,039
1,500
2,200
2,001
2,212
2,591
14–18 yrs
1,250
1,500
2,300
1,960
2,172
2,561
19–30 yrs
914
1,500
2,300
1,994
2,245
2,691
31–50 yrs
1,350
1,500
2,300
1,978
2,217
2,647
51–70 yrs
1,251
1,300
2,300
1,860
2,072
2,454
> 70 yrs
787
1,200
2,300
1,623
1,801
2,118
Pregnant and lactating femalesb
711
1,500
2,300
2,344
2,612
3,088
Pregnant females
623
1,500
2,300
2,327
2,592
3,081
Lactating females
99
1,500
2,300
2,387
2,638
3,054
NOTES: AI = Adequate Intake; d = day; mg = milligram; n = unweighted sample size; includes sodium from foods, salt added at the table, tap water, and supplements; SE = standard error; UL = Tolerable Upper Intake Level.
aExcludes pregnant and lactating females (shown separately).
bIncludes 11 females who were pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.
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Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
Excessive Usual Intake (mg/d)
Median
Mean
SE
75th
90th
95th
% > UL
SE
3,471
3,615
8.9
4,270
5,126
5,713
92
0.5
2,182
2,239
19.4
2,597
3,017
3,292
91
2.1
2,797
2,857
16.3
3,267
3,739
4,045
94
1.6
3,556
3,622
22.4
4,052
4,558
4,892
99
0.9
4,310
4,479
37.6
5,259
6,282
6,992
97
1.1
4,652
4,744
36.0
5,475
6,301
6,849
99
0.5
4,609
4,720
32.7
5,467
6,344
6,927
99
0.5
3,900
3,998
31.5
4,676
5,454
5,957
96
1.3
3,141
3,217
29.9
3,740
4,342
4,732
87
2.7
3,061
3,127
23.6
3,592
4,124
4,471
90
2.7
3,051
3,117
22.1
3,598
4,142
4,499
86
2.7
3,231
3,298
28.8
3,831
4,435
4,832
89
2.6
3,181
3,274
24.5
3,795
4,441
4,884
88
2.3
2,934
3,006
22.1
3,480
4,032
4,396
82
2.3
2,505
2,554
22.2
2,936
3,370
3,654
64
2.7
3,657
3,710
33.4
4,275
4,876
5,258
96
1.9
3,693
3,764
38.4
4,369
5,029
5,450
95
2.0
3,507
3,497
66.4
3,949
4,338
4,567
96
5.8
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Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
TABLE F-3 Usual Sodium Intake Distributions from Foods by Age or Gender for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
Usual Intake Percentiles (mg/d)
n
AI
UL
5th
10th
25th
All ages 2+ yrs
16,822
1,846
2,114
2,615
Children
2–3 yrs
921
1,000
1,500
1,344
1,498
1,783
4–8 yrs
1,680
1,200
1,900
1,830
2,004
2,327
Males
9–13 yrs
1,009
1,500
2,200
2,474
2,669
3,016
14–18 yrs
1,351
1,500
2,300
2,417
2,755
3,377
19–30 yrs
1,097
1,500
2,300
2,737
3,066
3,659
31–50 yrs
1,439
1,500
2,300
2,648
2,981
3,585
51–70 yrs
1,215
1,300
2,300
2,161
2,446
2,974
> 70 yrs
808
1,200
2,300
1,784
2,004
2,413
Femalesa
9–13 yrs
1,039
1,500
2,200
1,907
2,117
2,492
14–18 yrs
1,250
1,500
2,300
1,840
2,047
2,431
19–30 yrs
914
1,500
2,300
1,841
2,076
2,496
31–50 yrs
1,350
1,500
2,300
1,774
2,003
2,417
51–70 yrs
1,251
1,300
2,300
1,659
1,864
2,236
> 70 yrs
787
1,200
2,300
1,491
1,663
1,971
Pregnant and lactating femalesb
711
1,500
2,300
2,112
2,378
2,841
Pregnant females
623
1,500
2,300
2,131
2,392
2,865
Lactating females
99
1,500
2,300
2,147
2,383
2,785
NOTES: AI = Adequate Intake; d = day; mg = milligram; n = unweighted sample size; food sources include salt added in cooking and food preparation; SE = standard error; UL = Tolerable Upper Intake Level.
aExcludes pregnant and lactating females (shown separately).
bIncludes 11 females who were pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.
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Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
Excessive Usual Intake (mg/d)
Median
Mean
SE
75th
90th
95th
% > UL
SE
3,268
3,409
8.7
4,044
4,879
5,454
88
0.6
2,144
2,201
19.3
2,557
2,977
3,251
90
2.2
2,736
2,796
16.0
3,199
3,664
3,966
93
1.8
3,446
3,511
22.2
3,936
4,438
4,769
99
1.2
4,175
4,344
37.5
5,120
6,141
6,851
96
1.3
4,388
4,494
35.9
5,212
6,053
6,611
98
0.9
4,335
4,451
32.4
5,189
6,066
6,649
98
0.9
3,640
3,738
30.7
4,396
5,157
5,650
93
1.7
2,927
3,001
29.0
3,509
4,094
4,474
80
2.9
2,960
3,026
23.5
3,489
4,019
4,365
87
2.9
2,916
2,984
22.0
3,460
4,004
4,360
81
2.8
3,006
3,069
27.1
3,571
4,137
4,510
83
3.0
2,932
3,027
23.8
3,530
4,164
4,600
80
2.5
2,704
2,775
21.6
3236
4,164
4,134
72
2.2
2,347
2,398
21.7
2,769
3,197
3,478
53
2.5
3,398
3,466
33.5
4,028
4,650
5,039
92
2.5
3,457
3,540
38.0
4,134
4,806
5,230
92
2.6
3,231
3,230
65.9
3,674
4,072
4,309
92
8.4
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Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
TABLE F-4 Mean Sodium Intake, Mean Energy Intake, and Mean Sodium Density Values for Persons 2 or More
Mean Intake (mg/d)
n
Sodium (mg)
SE
Energy (kcal)
SE
Sodiuma Density (mg/1,000 kcal)
All ages 2+ yrs
16,822
3,407
13.8
2,176
7.8
1,566
Children
2–3 yrs
921
2,201
31.4
1,525
17.9
1,443
4–8 yrs
1,680
2,795
29.6
1,879
15.5
1,488
Males
9–13 yrs
1,009
3,513
48.9
2,267
26.7
1,550
14–18 yrs
1,351
4,339
65.6
2,812
36.5
1,543
19–30 yrs
1,097
4,490
64.2
2,907
36.8
1,545
31–50 yrs
1,439
4,448
55.4
2,860
29.9
1,555
51–70 yrs
1,215
3,738
50.4
2,321
25.3
1,610
> 70 yrs
808
3,000
47.0
1,909
24.0
1,571
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Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
Femalesb
9–13 yrs
1,039
3,019
43.9
1,943
23.5
1,553
14–18 yrs
1,250
2,980
42.0
1,970
23.1
1,513
19–30 yrs
914
3,062
46.6
1,964
28.3
1,559
31–50 yrs
1,350
3,021
40.4
1,898
21.5
1,592
51–70 yrs
1,251
2,773
35.8
1,681
18.0
1,649
> 70 yrs
787
2,397
38.3
1,506
20.1
1,591
Pregnant and lactating femalesc
711
3,465
55.2
2,256
30.5
1,536
Pregnant females
623
3,541
62.2
2,321
34.1
1,526
Lactating females
99
3,236
121.8
2,078
67.8
1,557
NOTES: d = day; mg = milligram; kcal = calorie; n = unweighted sample size; SE = standard error.
aIncludes salt added in food preparation and cooking.
bExcludes pregnant and lactating females (shown separately).
cIncludes 11 females who were pregnant and lactating.
SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.
OCR for page 426
Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
TABLE F-5 Usual Mean Sodium Intake Distributions from Foods by Age and Race or Ethnicity for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
Usual Intake Percentiles (mg/d)
n
AI
UL
5th
10th
25th
All
2–3 yrs
921
1,000
1,500
1,344
1,498
1,783
4–8 yrs
1,680
1,200
1,900
1,830
2,004
2,327
9–13 yrs
2,048
1,500
2,200
2,151
2,364
2,745
14–18 yrs
2,683
1,500
2,300
2,006
2,294
2,832
19–30 yrs
2,466
1,500
2,300
2,109
2,416
2,984
31–50 yrs
2,963
1,500
2,300
1,991
2,291
2,852
51–70 yrs
2,466
1,300
2,300
1,790
2,045
2,518
> 70 yrs
1,595
1,200
2,300
1,550
1,751
2,116
19+ yrs (all adults)
9,490
2,300
1,851
2,132
2,659
All ages 2+ yrs
16,822
1,846
2,114
2,615
Non-Hispanic White
2–3 yrs
263
1,000
1,500
1,325
1,479
1,766
4–8 yrs
478
1,200
1,900
1,832
2,007
2,331
9–13 yrs
520
1,500
2,200
2,162
2,378
2,762
14–18 yrs
737
1,500
2,300
1,997
2,298
2,862
19–30 yrs
997
1,500
2,300
2,300
2,598
3,140
31–50 yrs
1,398
1,500
2,300
2,042
2,354
2,931
51–70 yrs
1,265
1,300
2,300
1,886
2,137
2,608
> 70 yrs
1,151
1,200
2,300
1,599
1,796
2,156
19+ yrs (all adults)
4,811
2,300
1,911
2,189
2,714
All ages 2+ yrs
6,809
1,879
2,148
2,655
Non-Hispanic African American
2–3 yrs
243
1,000
1,500
1,492
1,661
1,971
4–8 yrs
513
1,200
1,900
1,959
2,138
2,454
9–13 yrs
690
1,500
2,200
2,119
2,344
2,745
14–18 yrs
944
1,500
2,300
1,869
2,140
2,658
19–30 yrs
609
1,500
2,300
1,960
2,241
2,759
31–50 yrs
692
1,500
2,300
1,841
2,137
2,679
51–70 yrs
555
1,300
2,300
1,542
1,774
2,205
> 70 yrs
206
1,200
2,300
1,459
1,625
1,929
19+ yrs (all adults)
2,062
2,300
1,692
1,964
2,472
All ages 2+ yrs
4,452
1,765
2,021
2,496
Mexican American
2–3 yrs
303
1,000
1,500
1,202
1,350
1,624
4–8 yrs
524
1,200
1,900
1,725
1,892
2,203
9–13 yrs
670
1,500
2,200
2,052
2,276
2,684
14–18 yrs
819
1,500
2,300
2,021
2,284
2,766
19–30 yrs
664
1,500
2,300
1,769
2,098
2,709
31–50 yrs
612
1,500
2,300
2,074
2,350
2,857
51–70 yrs
489
1,300
2,300
1,341
1,586
2,049
> 70 yrs
185
1,200
2,300
1,155
1,336
1,690
≥ 19 yrs
1,950
2,300
1,704
1,999
2,555
All ages 2+ yrs
4,266
1,716
1,981
2,482
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Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
Excessive Usual Intake (mg/d)
Median
Mean
SE
75th
90th
95th
% > UL
SE
2,144
2,201
19.3
2,557
2,977
3,251
90
2.2
2,736
2,796
16.0
3,199
3,664
3,966
93
1.8
3,212
3,280
16.9
3,739
4,282
4,644
94
1.7
3,531
3,693
23.6
4,371
5,288
5,929
90
1.4
3,699
3,816
23.7
4,514
5,360
5,931
92
1.3
3,582
3,734
22.9
4,446
5,366
5,995
90
1.2
3,122
3,234
20.4
3,825
4,563
5,062
83
1.5
2,574
2,651
19.0
3,100
3,648
4,016
65
1.8
3,346
3,493
12.1
4,163
5,037
5,635
86
0.7
3,268
3,409
8.7
4,044
4,879
5,454
88
0.6
2,132
2,193
36.9
2,554
2,987
3,271
89
3.8
2,743
2,811
30.8
3,217
3,702
4,021
93
3.0
3,234
3,307
34.3
3,770
4,326
4,702
94
2.8
3,605
3,806
49.8
4,522
5,557
6,301
90
2.4
3,822
3,943
36.2
4,610
5,438
6,000
95
1.7
3,675
3,830
34.0
4,559
5,504
6,148
91
1.7
3,213
3,316
27.8
3,912
4,627
5,096
86
2.1
2,612
2,692
22.4
3,138
3,688
4,058
67
2.2
3,401
3,549
16.9
4,221
5,097
5,694
87
1.0
3,324
3,478
14.1
4,130
5,002
5,603
88
0.8
2,355
2,404
39.1
2,784
3,209
3,482
95
3.9
2,834
2,874
26.6
3,250
3,661
3,926
96
3.1
3,228
3,282
29.2
3,759
4,287
4,628
93
3.7
3,341
3,479
37.2
4,149
4,996
5,562
86
2.8
3,423
3,550
45.1
4,204
5,023
5,570
89
3.7
3,365
3,499
44.4
4,168
5,024
5,612
86
3.0
2,757
2,862
39.4
3,402
4,082
4,542
71
3.3
2,310
2,362
42.4
2,738
3,166
3,443
51
5.1
3,131
3,271
24.9
3,915
4,756
5,331
81
1.8
3,107
3,231
15.6
3,829
4,595
5,116
85
1.3
1,969
2,018
31.7
2,359
2,749
3,003
83
4.4
2,607
2,672
28.5
3,073
3,542
3,844
90
3.3
3,175
3,230
30.2
3,708
4,248
4,608
92
3.2
3,377
3,486
35.6
4,084
4,823
5,320
90
3.0
3,478
3,581
47.4
4,338
5,191
5,744
86
2.6
3,503
3,620
43.5
4,256
5,040
5,564
91
2.8
2,662
2,831
50.6
3,420
4,280
4,899
65
3.0
2,152
2,236
55.9
2,683
3,234
3,607
42
4.4
3,291
3,425
27.4
4,149
5,018
5,597
83
1.6
3,135
3,264
16.8
3,903
4,708
5,249
86
1.2
OCR for page 432
Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
TABLE F-7 Usual Sodium Intake Distributions from Foods Among Adults with Hypertension
Usual Intake Percentiles (mg/d)
n
AI
UL
5th
10th
25th
All adultsa
19–30 yrs
78
1,500
2,300
3,641
3,869
4,272
31–50 yrs
569
1,500
2,300
2,015
2,303
2,849
51–70 yrs
1,386
1,300
2,300
1,790
2,034
2,486
> 70 yrs
1,127
1,200
2,300
1,479
1,679
2,049
All adults 19+ yrs
3,160
2,300
1,711
1,963
2,437
Males
19–30 yrs
66
1,500
2,300
4,801
4,833
4,886
31–50 yrs
314
1,500
2,300
2,472
2,800
3,420
51–70 yrs
661
1,300
2,300
2,112
2,375
2,858
> 70 yrs
520
1,200
2,300
1,711
1,935
2,345
All males 19+ yrs
1,561
2,300
2,057
2,347
2,890
Femalesa
19–30 yrs
11
1,500
2,300
3,059~
3,222~
3,498~
31–50 yrs
254
1,500
2,300
1,909
2,099
2,439
51–70 yrs
725
1,300
2,300
1,662
1,870
2,248
> 70 yrs
607
1,200
2,300
1,424
1,602
1,930
All females 19+ yrs
1,597
2,300
1,587
1,791
2,165
NOTES: AI = Adequate Intake; d = day; mg = milligram; n = unweighted sample size; hypertension is defined as a measurement of systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mm Hg or diastolic blood pressure ≥ 90 mm Hg or current treatment with a prescription medication; SE = standard error; UL = Tolerable Upper Intake Level.
aExcludes pregnant and lactating females.
~Unreliable due to small sample size.
SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.
OCR for page 433
Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
Excessive Usual Intake (mg/d)
Median
Mean
SE
75th
90th
95th
% > UL
SE
4,757
4,808
86.8
5,289
5,812
6,148
100
3,581
3,734
51.4
4,459
5,375
5,980
90
3.0
3,064
3,179
26.4
3,746
4,469
4,961
82
2.1
2,519
2,589
22.5
3,053
3,591
3,941
62
2.0
3,064
3,215
19.5
3,827
4,661
5,237
80
1.3
4,947
4,947
11.1
5,007
5,063
5,096
100
4,225
4,373
75.0
5,165
6,137
6,781
97
2.1
3,465
3,566
39.0
4,163
4,886
5,368
92
2.7
2,853
2,915
35.1
3,418
3,975
4,331
77
3.5
3,593
3,739
30.3
4,425
5,313
5,922
91
1.6
3,818~
3,845~
153.3
4,162~
4,501~
4,721~
100~
2,860
2,917
42.4
3,337
3,813
4,118
82
8.4
2,744
2,838
30.8
3,328
3,928
4,329
73
2.8
2,340
2,395
26.5
2,800
3,259
3,554
52
2.6
2,642
2,731
20.0
3,199
3,783
4,177
68
1.9
OCR for page 434
Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
TABLE F-8 Top 20 Sources of Sodium Intake Within Food Categories for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
Food Category
Food Item
Percentage of Sodium Contributed Within the Food Category
Mixed dishes = 44% of total daily sodium
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
35.3
Pizza with meat
12.2
Hamburgers, cheeseburgers
8.5
Mexican entrées
6.9
Pasta dishes, Italian style
6.5
Meat mixtures with red meat
3.7
Rice dishes
3.4
Macaroni and cheese
3.2
Pizza (no meat)
3.1
Meat mixtures with chicken or turkey
3.0
Grain soups
3.0
Vegetable mixtures (incl. soup)
2.9
Other grain mixtures
2.8
Meat soup
2.2
Chili con carne
1.7
Bean soup
0.8
Meat mixtures with fish
0.7
Tomato sauce and meat (no pasta)
0.2
Meat and meat alternates = 15.5% of total daily sodium
Chicken
25.0
Cheese
15.3
Eggs
12.1
Bacon or sausage
10.6
Beef
7.7
Fish
6.4
Cold cuts
5.0
Pork
4.4
Hot dogs
3.3
Ham
3.3
Shellfish
3.2
Ground beef
2.2
Turkey
0.8
Lamb and misc. meats
0.8
Organ meats
0.2
OCR for page 435
Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
Food Category
Food Item
Percentage of Sodium Contributed Within the Food Category
Grains = 11.4% of total daily sodium
Bread
21.5
Cold cereal
18.5
Rice
10.9
Pancakes, waffles, French toast
9.6
Crackers
9.0
Flour tortillas
6.3
Biscuits, scones, croissants
5.8
Hot cereal
4.2
Bagels
4.2
Cornbread
3.2
Rolls
3.1
Pasta
1.4
Breakfast or granola bar
0.9
English muffin
0.6
Taco shells
0.5
Corn tortillas
0.4
Vegetables = 9.3% of total daily sodium
Salad (greens)
30.0
Cooked potatoes—not fried
16.7
Cooked potatoes—fried
15.2
Cooked tomatoes
9.2
Cooked green beans
4.3
Other cooked (low nutrients)
4.1
Cooked corn
3.5
Cooked mixed
2.8
Vegetable juice
2.5
Cooked broccoli
2.1
Raw cabbage or coleslaw
2.1
Other cooked (high nutrients)
1.5
Other cooked dark green
1.4
Other cooked deep yellow
1.0
Cooked carrots
1.0
Other fried
0.9
Cooked peas
0.9
Raw carrots
0.4
Other raw (low nutrients)
0.3
Other raw (high nutrients)
0.1
OCR for page 436
Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
Food Category
Food Item
Percentage of Sodium Contributed Within the Food Category
Sweets = 5.0% of total of total daily sodium
Cookies
22.0
Cake or cupcakes
21.6
Ice cream
10.5
Pies or cobblers
9.3
Doughnuts
7.8
Candy
7.3
Pastries
7.0
Muffins
6.6
Sweet rolls
3.8
Pudding
3.3
Jello
0.6
Ices or popsicles
0.3
Condiments, oils, fats = 4.3% of total daily sodium
Catsup, mustard, relish, soy sauce
39.9
Gravy
12.3
Salad dressing
11.7
Garnishes such as pickles or olives
10.6
Margarine
7.4
Butter
5.6
Cream or sour cream
5.2
Syrups or sweet toppings
2.7
Cream cheese
2.0
Other added fats or oil
1.3
Mayonnaise
0.8
Jelly
0.3
Sugar
0.3
Seasonings
0.1
Other added oils
0.0
Salty snacks = 3.4% of total daily sodium
Corn-based salty snacks
32.1
Popcorn
25.9
Potato chips
23.0
Pretzels or party mix
19.1
Milk = 2.9% of total daily sodium
Unflavored 2% milk
28.8
Unflavored whole milk
19.2
Unflavored skim milk
12.9
Unflavored 1% milk
9.9
Yogurt
5.8
Flavored whole milk
5.4
Flavored 2% milk
4.5
Dry or evaporated milk
4.4
Flavored milk—% not further specified
2.8
Soymilk
2.1
Flavored 1% milk
1.5
Flavored skim milk
1.4
Unflavored milk—% not further specified
1.3
OCR for page 437
Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
Food Category
Food Item
Percentage of Sodium Contributed Within the Food Category
Beverages = 2.2% of total daily sodium
Non-carbonated sweetened drink
28.0
Regular soda
25.2
Sugar-free soda
12.8
Coffee
11.7
Beer
7.3
Tea
6.7
Liquor
6.6
Wine
1.0
Low-calorie or sugar-free drink
0.8
Beans, nuts, and seeds = 2.1% of total daily sodium
Baked or refried beans
37.6
Nuts
18.7
Beans
16.8
Protein or meal enhancement
12.4
Peanut or almond butter
6.9
Soy products
5.9
Seeds
1.8
Fruit = 0.1% of total daily sodium
Citrus juice
25.8
Non-citrus juice
24.5
Avocado or guacamole
13.8
Fresh melon
12.4
Other fresh fruit
4.5
Other canned or frozen
3.2
Fresh banana
3.0
Fresh apple
2.6
Fresh grapes
2.2
Canned or frozen peaches
1.9
Dried fruit
1.5
Applesauce, canned or frozen apples
1.3
Fresh watermelon
1.2
Fresh berries
0.9
Fresh pear
0.6
Fresh other citrus
0.3
Canned or frozen pineapple
0.2
Lemon or lime—any form
0.0
SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.
OCR for page 438
Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
TABLE F-9 Top 10 Food Sources of Sodium Intake by Age or Gender for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
Age or Gender Group
Food Source
Percentage of Sodium Contributed
Ages 2–3 yrs (males and females)
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
11.6
Pasta dishes, Italian style
5.9
Cheese
4.3
Cold cereal
4.2
Chicken
4.0
Hot dogs
3.6
Macaroni and cheese
3.2
Pizza with meat
3.0
Unflavored whole milk
2.9
Unflavored 2% milk
2.5
Sum
45.1
Ages 4–8 yrs (males and females)
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
11.7
Chicken
5.9
Pizza with meat
5.7
Cold cereal
4.7
Pasta dishes, Italian style
3.9
Macaroni and cheese
3.5
Hamburgers, cheeseburgers
3.2
Cheese
3.1
Pizza (no meat)
2.5
Pancakes, waffles, French toast
2.2
Sum
46.3
Males 9–13 yrs
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
16.3
Pizza with meat
7.3
Hamburgers/cheeseburgers
4.8
Mexican entrées
4.5
Chicken
4.1
Pasta dishes, Italian style
3.9
Cold cereal
3.2
Cheese
2.5
Pizza (no meat)
2.3
Grain soups
2.1
Sum
51.1
Females 9–13 yrs
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
15.2
Pizza with meat
5.9
Chicken
4.7
Pasta dishes, Italian style
4.5
Hamburgers, cheeseburgers
3.2
Mexican entrées
3.1
Cold cereal
2.7
Cheese
2.5
Macaroni and cheese
2.3
Grain soups
2.2
Sum
46.3
OCR for page 439
Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
Age or Gender Group
Food Source
Percentage of Sodium Contributed
Males 14–18 yrs
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
18.0
Pizza with meat
10.9
Hamburgers, cheeseburgers
7.0
Chicken
4.9
Mexican entrées
2.9
Cold cereal
2.7
Pizza (no meat)
2.5
Pasta dishes, Italian style
2.5
Catsup, mustard, relish, etc.
2.4
Cooked potatoes—fried
1.9
Sum
55.7
Females 14–18 yrs
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
17.7
Pizza with meat
8.0
Chicken
4.5
Hamburgers, cheeseburgers
4.4
Mexican entrées
4.0
Salad (greens)
3.4
Cold cereal
2.7
Pasta dishes, Italian style
2.6
Cheese
2.5
Macaroni and cheese
2.3
Sum
52.2
Males 19–30 yrs
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
17.3
Pizza with meat
8.7
Mexican entrées
5.7
Hamburgers, cheeseburgers
4.9
Chicken
3.7
Pasta dishes, Italian style
2.9
Catsup, mustard, relish, etc.
2.3
Salad (greens)
2.1
Cheese
2.0
Rice dishes
1.9
Sum
51.6
Females 19–30 yrs
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
14.6
Pizza with meat
4.7
Mexican entrées
4.6
Chicken
4.5
Salad (greens)
3.9
Hamburgers, cheeseburgers
3.8
Pasta dishes, Italian style
3.1
Cheese
2.9
Bread
2.5
Rice dishes
2.2
Sum
46.6
OCR for page 440
Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
Age or Gender Group
Food Source
Percentage of Sodium Contributed
Males 31–50 yrs
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
16.1
Pizza with meat
6.1
Hamburgers, cheeseburgers
4.2
Chicken
3.7
Mexican entrées
3.5
Salad (greens)
2.7
Pasta dishes, Italian style
2.7
Bread
2.3
Eggs
2.1
Bacon or sausage
2.0
Sum
45.3
Females 31–50 yrs
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
14.7
Salad (greens)
4.3
Chicken
4.2
Pizza with meat
4.0
Hamburgers, cheeseburgers
3.2
Mexican entrées
3.2
Pasta dishes, Italian style
2.3
Cheese
2.1
Bread
2.0
Vegetable mixtures (incl. soup)
2.0
Sum
41.9
Males 51–70 yrs
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
17.8
Pizza with meat
3.6
Hamburgers, cheeseburgers
3.2
Bread
3.0
Chicken
3.0
Salad (greens)
2.9
Bacon/sausage
2.5
Eggs
2.4
Pasta dishes, Italian style
2.4
Cooked potatoes—not fried
2.3
Sum
43.0
Females 51–70 yrs
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
11.9
Salad (greens)
4.5
Bread
3.6
Pasta dishes, Italian style
3.4
Cheese
3.3
Chicken
3.1
Eggs
2.6
Pizza with meat
2.5
Vegetable mixtures (incl. soup)
2.4
Hamburgers, cheeseburgers
2.4
Sum
39.7
OCR for page 441
Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
Age or Gender Group
Food Source
Percentage of Sodium Contributed
Males > 70 yrs
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
17.5
Bread
4.2
Vegetable mixtures (incl. soup)
3.3
Cold cereal
3.2
Cooked potatoes—not fried
2.9
Eggs
2.8
Chicken
2.6
Pasta dishes, Italian style
2.4
Bacon or sausage
2.3
Salad (greens)
2.3
Sum
43.7
Females > 70 yrs
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
15.4
Bread
4.3
Salad (greens)
3.5
Cooked potatoes—not fried
3.3
Vegetable mixtures (incl. soup)
3.1
Cold cereal
2.9
Meat mixtures with red meat
2.7
Meat soup
2.4
Chicken
2.3
Cheese
2.1
Sum
41.8
Pregnant and lactating females
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
12.6
Pizza with meat
5.1
Salad (greens)
3.7
Cheese
3.7
Hamburgers, cheeseburgers
3.6
Chicken
3.6
Mexican entrées
3.2
Macaroni and cheese
2.9
Cold cereal
2.8
Eggs
2.6
Sum
43.6
SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.
OCR for page 442
Strategies to Reduce Sodium Intake in the United States
TABLE F-10 Top 10 Sources of Sodium Intake by Home Versus Away for Persons 2 or More Years of Age
Location
Food Item
Percentage of Sodium Contributed
Store (home)
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
16.0
Pasta dishes, Italian style
3.8
Cold cereal
3.3
Bread
3.0
Cheese
3.0
Chicken
2.4
Pizza with meat
2.3
Salad (greens)
2.3
Bacon or sausage
2.1
Eggs
2.0
Sum
40.2
Restaurant, cafeteria, dining facility
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
15.3
Pizza with meat
12.0
Hamburgers, cheeseburgers
8.7
Chicken
6.9
Mexican entrées
6.7
Salad (greens)
3.9
Cooked potatoes—fried
3.2
Pizza (no meat)
3.1
Catsup, mustard, relish, etc.
2.9
Rice dishes
2.3
Sum
65.0
Other
Sandwiches (excl. burgers)
12.4
Cake or cupcakes
4.3
Chicken
2.8
Fish
2.7
Cooked potatoes—not fried
2.7
Hamburgers/cheeseburgers
2.7
Pasta dishes, Italian style
2.7
Mexican entrées
2.6
Other grain mixtures
2.5
Cheese
2.5
Sum
37.8
SOURCE: NHANES 2003–2006.
