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Eisen et al., 2005 (Vol. 4)
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Population-based, cross-sectional, prevalence, in-person medical and psychiatric evaluations
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1061 GWVs vs 1128 NDVs; selected from among those who had participated in 1995 National Health Survey of Gulf War Era Veterans and Their Families (mail and telephone survey) (Kang et al., 2000)
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CFS based on in-person interviews according to CDC CFS criteria and exclusionary diagnoses from history, interviews, examinations, laboratory testing
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OR 40.6, 95% CI 10.2-161.2
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Age, sex, race, smoking, duty type, service branch, rank
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Low participation rates (53% of deployed and 39% of nondeployed), but analysis of nonparticipants and participants reveals that participants, both deployed and nondeployed, are more likely to report symptoms of CFS
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Kelsall et al., 2006 (Update)
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Cross-sectional survey
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1424 Australian male GWVs, 1548 male NDVs frequency matched by age and service type (Same population as Kelsall et al., 2004a,b, 2005)
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Association of unexplained chronic fatigue and CFS determined in clinical assessment with self-reported exposure to various stressors
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CFS in deployed veterans vs control groups OR 1.2 (95% CI 0.5-2.9) Chronic fatigue (≥ 6 months) OR 1.9 (95% CI 1.4-2.7) 91 (6.6%) GWVs had unexplained chronic fatigue vs 40 (2.9%) of controls (OR 2.3, 95% CI 1.6-3.4) Unexplained chronic fatigue in GWVs associated with PB (OR 2.8, 95% CI 1.3-6.1), oil smoke (OR 2.0, 95% CI 1.2-3.4), pesticides (OR 2.4, 95% CI 1.53.8), presence in chemical weapons area (OR 4.6, 95% CI
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Age, service branch, rank; also education, marital status, smoking, and alcohol use for unexplained chronic fatigue.
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Relatively large study with national ascertainment; response rate 80.5% for deployed, 56.8% for nondeployed Exposures self-reported; possible recall bias
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