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Gulf War and Health, Volume 8: Update of Health Effects of Serving in the Gulf War
BOX S-1
Summary of Findings Regarding Associations Between Deployment to the Gulf Warand Specific Health Outcomes
Sufficient Evidence of a Causal Relatioonship
PTSD.
Sufficient Evidence of an Association
Other psychiatric disorders, including generalized anxiety disorder, depression, and substance abuse, particularly alcohol abuse. These psychiatric disorders persist for at least 10 years after deployment.
Gastrointestinal symptoms consistent with functional gastrointestinal disorders such as irritable bowel syndrome and functional dyspepsia.
Multisymptom illness.
Chronic fatigue syndrome.
Limited/Suggestive Evidence of an Association
ALS.
Fibromyalgia and chronic widespread pain.
Self-reported sexual difficulties.
Mortality from external causes, primarily motor-vehicle accidents, in the early years after deployment.
Inadequate/Insufficient Evidence to Determine Whether an Association Exists
Any cancer.
Diseases of the blood and blood-forming organs.
Endocrine, nutritional, and metabolic diseases.
Neurocognitive and neurobehavioral performance.
Multiple sclerosis.
Other neurologic outcomes, such as Parkinson’s disease, dementia, and Alzheimer’s disease.
Incidence of cardiovascular diseases.
Respiratory diseases.
Structural gastrointestinal diseases.
Skin diseases.
Musculoskeletal system diseases.
Specific conditions of the genitourinary system.
Specific birth defects.
Adverse pregnancy outcomes such as miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm birth, and low birth weight.
Fertility problems.
Limited/Suggestive Evidence of No Association
Peripheral neuropathy.
Mortality from cardiovascular disease in the first 10 years after the war.
Decreased lung function in the first 10 years after the war.
Hospitalization for genitourinary diseases.
Timing of investigations relative to the latency of some health outcomes (for example, cancer and some neurologic outcomes, such as multiple sclerosis [MS], ALS, and Parkinson’s disease).
