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APPENDIX A
Committee on Reviewing and Updating
“Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban
Treaty” (CTBT)
Committee Member Biographies
Ellen D. Williams (NAS), Chair, is the Chief Scientist at BP, where she is responsible for long-
range scientific advice and planning. Prior to joining BP, she worked for over thirty years in
academia, obtaining her Ph.D at Caltech in 1981 and then moving to the University of Maryland,
where she became a Distinguished University Professor in the Institute of Physical Science and
Technology and the Department of Physics in 2000. Her research specialty in nanoscience lies
at the intersection of physics, chemistry and materials science. In support of her research
interests, in 1996 she founded the University of Maryland Materials Research Science and
Engineering Center and served as its director for 15 years. In parallel, she has worked
extensively in providing technical advice to the U.S. government, primarily through the
Departments of Energy and Defense, including service on the Congressional Committee to
Review the Strategic Posture of the United States. Dr. Williams has published widely in her
research specialty and has served on a large number of professional committees and editorial
boards. She is a member of the National Academy of Sciences; is a fellow of the American
Physical Society, American Vacuum Society and American Academy of Arts and Sciences; and
has been recognized by awards from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, the
American Physical Society, and the Materials Research Society.
Marvin L. Adams is HTRI professor of nuclear engineering and Director of the Institute for
National Security Education and Research at Texas A&M University. He earned his B.S from
Mississippi State University in 1981, his M.S. from the University of Michigan in 1984, and his
Ph.D. from the University of Michigan in 1986, all in nuclear engineering. From 1977 to 1982, he
worked at Tennessee Valley Authority's Sequoyah Nuclear Plant and its support office. He
joined Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory in 1986. He left Livermore in 1992 for the
faculty position that he continues to hold at Texas A&M University. In 2006–2007, he directed
the Center for Large-scale Scientific Simulation at Texas A&M, and from 2005 until 2009, he
served as Associate Vice President for Research. He has served as a consultant to Lawrence
Livermore National Laboratory, Sandia National Laboratories, Los Alamos National Laboratory,
and the Mitre Corporation. Dr. Adams has authored or co-authored more than 100 research
publications, most in the area of computational science and engineering, and he is a Fellow of
the American Nuclear Society.
Theodore (Ted) Bowyer is an AAAS Fellow and a Laboratory Fellow/program manager in the
area of nuclear explosion monitoring and policy support at the Pacific Northwest National
Laboratory. In 1994, he received a Ph.D. in nuclear physics from Indiana University and since
that time has worked at PNNL in a variety of nonproliferation programs related to nuclear
weapons material production detection, nuclear testing detection, and nonproliferation policy.
He spent several years in the Office of Nonproliferation Policy at DOE/NNSA where he served
as a scientific advisor on the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty and related Nuclear
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130 The CTBT- Technical Issues for the U.S.
Testing Limitations treaties and agreements, as well as the Fissile Material Cutoff Treaty. Dr
Bowyer has spent significant time serving the U.S. Delegations to the Conference on
Disarmament in Geneva and CTBT Working Group B (WGB) in Vienna as a technical advisor.
Currently, Dr. Bowyer serves as the chair of the CTBT WGB Radionuclide Expert Group and
chair of the U.S. Radionuclide Subgroup of the Verification Monitoring Task Force. Ted
Bowyer's research interests include radioactive noble gas measurements, nuclear forensics,
and nuclear detector development, including the design of the U.S. Automated Radioxenon
Sampler-Analyzer (ARSA), which received the Federal Laboratory Consortium award in 2001.
Linton F. Brooks served from July 2002 to January 2007 as Administrator of the U.S.
Department of Energy's National Nuclear Security Administration, where he was responsible for
the U.S. nuclear weapons program and for the Department of Energy's international nuclear
nonproliferation programs. He has five decades of experience in national security, including
service as Assistant Director of the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency, Chief U.S.
Negotiator for the Strategic Arms Reduction Treaty, Director of Defense Programs and Arms
Control on the National Security Council staff, Vice President for Policy Analyses at the Center
for Naval Analyses and a number of Navy and Defense Department assignments as a 30-year
career naval officer. Currently he is an independent consultant on national security issues, a
Senior Advisor at the Center for Strategic and International Studies, a Distinguished Research
Fellow at the National Defense University, and an advisor to two of the Department of Energy
weapons laboratories. Ambassador Brooks holds degrees in physics from Duke University and
in government and politics from the University of Maryland and is a Distinguished Graduate of
the U.S. Naval War College.
Donald D. Cobb held several technical staff and management positions at Los Alamos National
Laboratory (LANL) beginning in 1976, including Division Leader for Space Science and
Technology, Division Leader of Nonproliferation and International Security Division, and
Associate Director for Threat Reduction. In 2004, he was named Deputy Director responsible for
oversight of all LANL operations pending the transition of the University of California's
Laboratory management contract. Dr. Cobb retired from the University of California in 2006 and
remains as a guest scientist at LANL. During his 30 years of experience in nuclear safeguards
and weapon phenomenology, Dr. Cobb conducted research on the detection of atmospheric
nuclear detonations and led designs of safeguards systems for nuclear power facilities. As
project leader for the successful Beam Experiments Aboard Rocket (BEAR) experiment (1989),
Dr. Cobb received a Laboratory Distinguished Performance Award and certificate of merit from
the Department of Defense Strategic Defense Initiative Office. In 1991, he spent a year
assigned at the Department of Energy's Office of Space in Washington, D.C. In 1998–2000, he
served as a member of the New Mexico Governor's Space Commission. In 2002, he was a
member of the Defense Science Board task force on nuclear threats. In 2006, Dr. Cobb was
awarded the U.S. Department of Energy National Nuclear Security Administration's Gold
Medallion, its highest award for exceptional service. He is currently employed by the
Department of Defense as a Highly Qualified Expert (nonproliferation and arms control) and
serves as a senior advisor to the Director, Department of Defense Threat Reduction Agency. Dr.
Cobb is a member of the University of New Mexico Space Technology and Applications
International Forum steering committee, the American Physical Society, and the American
Association for the Advancement of Science. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in
physics from Northern Illinois University and a Master of Science and Ph.D. in theoretical
nuclear physics from the University of Iowa. He currently serves on the boards of the United
Way/Northern New Mexico and the LANL Foundation.
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131
Appendix A: Committee Biographies
Richard L. Garwin (NAS/NAE/IOM) received his B.S. in physics from Case Institute of
Technology, Cleveland, in 1947, and his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Chicago in
1949. He is IBM Fellow Emeritus at the Thomas J. Watson Research Center, Yorktown Heights,
New York. After three years on the faculty of the University of Chicago, he joined IBM
Corporation in 1952. Until June 1993 he was IBM Fellow at the Thomas J. Watson Research
Center, Yorktown Heights, New York and Adjunct Professor of Physics at Columbia University.
In addition, he is a consultant to the U.S. government on matters of military technology, arms
control, and other security matters. He has been Director of the IBM Watson Laboratory,
Director of Applied Research at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, and a member of
the IBM Corporate Technical Committee. He has also been Professor of Public Policy in the
Kennedy School of Government, Harvard University. He has made contributions in the design of
nuclear weapons, in instruments and electronics for research in nuclear and low-temperature
physics, in the establishment of the non conservation of parity and the demonstration of some of
its striking consequences, in computer elements and systems (including superconducting
devices) in communication systems, in the behavior of solid helium, in the detection of
gravitational radiation, and in military technology. He has published more than 500 papers, has
been granted 46 U.S. patents, and is coauthor of many books. He was a member of the
President's Science Advisory Committee 1962-1965 and 1969-1972, and of the Defense
Science Board 1966–69. He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society, IEEE, and American
Academy of Arts and Sciences, and is a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the
Institute of Medicine, the National Academy of Engineering, the Council on Foreign Relations,
the International Institute of Strategic Studies, and the American Philosophical Society. From
2001 to 2008, he chaired Department of State's Arms Control and Nonproliferation Advisory
Board. In 2002, he was elected for a second three-year term to the Council of the National
Academy of Sciences. He is a member of the Committee on International Security and Arms
Control of the National Academies of Science. He has received several awards from the U.S.
Government, including the R.V. Jones Award for Scientific Intelligence, the Enrico Fermi Award,
and the National Medal of Science (nuclear weapons design; stockpile stewardship).
Raymond Jeanloz (NAS) is a professor of Earth and Planetary Science and of Astronomy at
the University of California at Berkeley. He currently chairs the National Academy of Sciences'
Committee on International Security and Arms Control; previously chaired the National
Research Council's Board on Earth Sciences and Resources; and has served as an adviser to
the Department of Energy, National Science Foundation, and NASA, as well as the Directors of
Los Alamos and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratories. His work, including scientific
research on the properties of materials at high pressures and temperatures and on the
constitution and evolution of planetary interiors, has been recognized through fellowship in the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences, American Association for the Advancement of
Science, American Geophysical Union and American Physical Society; membership in the
National Academy of Sciences; and a MacArthur Prize Fellowship. After completing his
bachelor's degree (Amherst College, 1975), he received his Ph.D. from the California Institute of
Technology in 1979 and joined the faculty of Harvard University before moving to UC Berkeley
in 1981.
Richard W. Mies, Admiral, US Navy (retired), is the CEO and President of The Mies Group,
Ltd. and provides strategic planning and risk assessment advice and assistance to clients on
international security, energy, defense, and maritime issues. A distinguished graduate of the US
Naval Academy, he completed a 35-year career as a nuclear submariner in the U.S. Navy and
commanded U.S. Strategic Command for four years prior to retirement in 2002. Admiral Mies
served as a Senior Vice President and Deputy Group President of Science Applications
International Corporation (SAIC) and as the President and Chief Executive Officer of Hicks and
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132 The CTBT- Technical Issues for the U.S.
Associates, Inc, a wholly owned subsidiary of SAIC from 2002 to 2007. He also served as the
Chairman of the Department of Defense Threat Reduction Advisory Committee from 2004 to
2010. He presently serves as the Chairman of the Boards of the Navy Mutual Aid Association
and the Naval Submarine League and as the Chairman of the Strategic Advisory Group of US
Strategic Command. He is a member of the Committee on International Security and Arms
Control of the National Academy of Sciences; a member of the Boards of Governors of Los
Alamos National Laboratory and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; and a member of the
Board of Directors of Mutual of Omaha Company, Babcock and Wilcox Company, and Exelon
Corporation. He also serves on numerous advisory boards. Admiral Mies completed post-
graduate education at Oxford University, the Fletcher School of Law and Diplomacy, and
Harvard University. He holds a Masters degree in government administration and international
relations.
C. Bruce Tarter is the Director Emeritus of the University of California Lawrence Livermore
National Laboratory and was the eighth director to lead the Laboratory since it was founded in
1952. A theoretical physicist by training and experience, he has spent most of his career at the
Laboratory. As director, he led the Laboratory in its mission to ensure national security and
apply science and technology to the important problems of our time. He received a bachelor's
degree in physics from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology and a Ph.D. from Cornell
University. His career at the Livermore Laboratory began in 1967 as a staff member in the
Theoretical Physics Division. He led the Laboratory through the transition to a post-Cold War
nuclear weapons world, helping to set the foundation for current programs in stewardship of the
U.S. nuclear stockpile. He also worked to build the programs in nonproliferation and counter-
terrorism, and in energy, environment, and bioscience. Tarter has served in a number of outside
professional capacities, including a six-year period with the Army Science Board; service as an
adjunct professor at the University of California, Davis; membership on the California Council on
Science and Technology, the Laboratory Operations Board (Secretary of Energy Advisory
Board), the Council on Foreign Relations, the Defense Science Board, the Congressional
Commission on the Strategic Posture of the United States, and Draper Laboratory (member of
the Corporation and the Board of Directors). He is a Fellow of the American Physical Society
and the American Association for the Advancement of Science and received the Roosevelt's
Gold Medal Award for Science (1998), NNSA Gold Medal for Distinguished Service (2002), and
U.S. Department of Energy Secretary's Gold Award (2002).
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133
Appendix A: Committee Biographies
Subcommittee on Seismology:
In Support of the Committee on Reviewing and Updating
“Technical Issues Related to the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban
Treaty” (CTBT)
Subcommittee Member Biographies
Lynn R. Sykes (NAS), Subcommittee Chair, is the Higgins Professor Emeritus, Department of
Earth and Environmental Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Columbia University.
He received his Bachelor of Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1960; Master of
Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1960; and Ph.D., Columbia University, 1965.
His research interests include: earthquake studies, control of nuclear weapons, tectonics, and
natural hazards. Of particular relevance to the study, he has worked on topics that have
significant scientific and public policy components such as large earthquakes in California and
Alaska, the causes of earthquakes in plate interiors such as the eastern United States, natural
and technological hazards and disasters, and the Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban Treaty. He
is known for using seismic and other data from the Earth sciences to characterize earthquakes
and explosions. Dr. Sykes has authored or coauthored more than 140 scientific papers, about
40 of which are in the area of the verification of nuclear testing, and he was a member of the
U.S. delegation that negotiated the Threshold Test Ban Treaty with the USSR in 1974. In
addition to being a member of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences, he is a member of the
American Academy of Arts and Sciences and in 2000 received the Vetelesen Award along with
Walter Pitman and Jason Morgan for contributions to the development of plate tectonics.
Hans Hartse has been a research seismologist at Los Alamos National Laboratory since 1992.
His areas of expertise include seismic event discrimination at regional and local distances,
analyses of mining-related seismicity, seismic coda studies, seismic event location methods,
and seismic database construction and exploitation. His studies have primarily focused on Asia
with an emphasis on China, Kazakhstan, and Russia. In 2002, he co-edited (with William
Walter) a "Pure and Applied Geophysics" special journal volume titled "Seismic Event
Discrimination and Identification related to Monitoring a CTBT." He has authored journal articles
concerning nuclear explosion event identification at Nevada Test Site, the former Soviet Test
Site in Kazakhstan, Russia's Novaya Zemlya Test Site, and China's Lop Nor Test Site. He
earned a B.S. in Geophysical Engineering (1982) from Montana Tech, M.S. in Geophysics
(1987) from New Mexico Tech, and Ph.D. in Geophysics (1991) from New Mexico Tech, where
he studied reflected phases from locally-recorded seismograms associated with the Socorro
Magma Body.
Paul G. Richards is Mellon Professor Emeritus of the Natural Sciences, Lamont-Doherty Earth
Observatory of Columbia University, and former chairman of Geological Sciences at the
university. He served on the original NAS Committee on Technical Issues Related to the CTBT
(2000–2003) and on NRC Panels on Seismological Data and Research Requirements for a
CTBT (1994–1995; 1995–1997). He was a Foster Fellow at the U.S. Arms Control and
Disarmament Agency (1984–1985 and 1993–1994), and during the CTBT negotiations in
Geneva he presented an experts paper (1994) for the U.S. on the problems posed by chemical
explosions. He spent a sabbatical at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (1989–1990). He
is co-author of an advanced text (Quantitative Seismology) and co-discoverer of seismological
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134 The CTBT- Technical Issues for the U.S.
evidence that the Earth's inner core has a super-rotation. He is a fellow of the American
Geophysical Union and former president of its seismology section. Dr. Richards was elected to
the American Academy of Arts and Sciences in 2008 and received the 2009 Harry Fielding Reid
medal of the Seismological Society of America.
Gregory van der Vink is President and CEO of Terrametrics LLC, a firm that specializes in
poverty reduction and conflict mitigation through environmentally-sustainable economic
development and analytical assessments of human responses to environmental change. Prior
to Terrametrics LLC, he held senior executive positions in the largest National Science
Foundation-funded geoscience research programs. Since 1991, he has also been teaching at
Princeton University and currently teaches courses on environmentally-sustainable economic
development and environmental entrepreneurship. He was named Princeton's 250th
Anniversary Professor for Distinguished Teaching in 2000/2001 and was awarded the
Engineering Council's Excellence in Teaching Award in 2004. Dr. van der Vink received his
Ph.D. in Geosciences from Princeton University. He has been a National Research Council
Postdoctoral Fellow, a Congressional Science Fellow, and an International Affairs Fellow of the
Council on Foreign Relations.
William R. Walter is a research geophysicist at the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory
(LLNL) and the LLNL program leader of the DOE/NNSA Office of Nonproliferation and
Verification Research & Development (NA-22) funded Ground-based Nuclear Explosion
Monitoring (GNEM) and Office of Nonproliferation and International Security (NA-24) funded
Nuclear Testing Limitations (NTL) Program. He received a B.A. in Physics from Middlebury
College in 1984, and M.S. in Physics from U.C. San Diego in 1986, and a Ph.D. in Geophysics
from the University of Nevada, Reno in 1991. In graduate school, he collected and analyzed
local seismic data from U.S. nuclear tests in Nevada and the 1988 Soviet Joint Verification
Experiment nuclear test in what is now Kazakhstan. He joined LLNL as a postdoc in 1991 and
served as the GNEM Identification task leader from 1996 until becoming the LLNL GNEM
program leader in 2007. He became the LLNL NTL program leader in 2010. His research
interests include geophysics, seismic source physics, earth structure, tectonics, treaty
verification and related policy issues. He is the author or co-author of more than 50 peer-
reviewed scientific papers.
