. "3 Measuring Fluxes from Land-Use Sources and Sinks." Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Methods to Support International Climate Agreements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2010.
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Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Methods to Support International Climate Agreements
TABLE 3.2 Current Land Remote Sensing Instruments in the Public Domain
Instrument
Measurement
Resolution and Coverage
Data Availability
Land Remote Sensing Satellite (Landsat)
Provides the longest continuous record of the Earth’s continental surfaces
15-60 m, global
Landsat 7: 1999-present
Landsat 5: 1984-present
Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER)
Provides high-resolution images of the land surface, water, ice, and clouds
15-90 m, global
1999-present
Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS)
Measures biological and physical processes occurring on the surface of the Earth, in the oceans, and in the lower atmosphere
Measures constituents of the Earth’s surface and atmosphere
5-20 m, aircraft is tasked
1998-present
showed an uncertainty of 20 percent when automated techniques were compared with air photos (Table 3.1). These methods may be suitable for countries with appropriate technical expertise and software capabilities for automation.
Forest Degradation. Remote sensing techniques can be used to identify partial biomass removals over large areas, particularly biofuels harvest (Asner et al., 2005) and selective harvest of high-grade trees in the tropics. In northern forests, degradation from logging can be
FIGURE 3.1 Major land cover features for the coterminous United States, based on early to mid-1990s Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite data. SOURCE: Vogelmann et al. (2001). Reprinted with permission from the American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing.