. "Appendix B: Estimates of Signals Created in the Atmosphere by Emissions." Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Methods to Support International Climate Agreements. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2010.
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Verifying Greenhouse Gas Emissions: Methods to Support International Climate Agreements
TABLE B.1 National CO2 Emissions and Estimated Atmospheric Signal
Country
Area (1,000 km2)
Fetch (km)
CO2(Mton yr–1)
Population (millions)
Average Emissions (μmol m–2s–1)
Total Column (ppm)
Boundary Layer 1 km (ppm)
United States
9,827
3,134
5,892
307.0
0.432
0.76
6.8
China
9,571
3,093
5,577
1,329.0
0.420
0.73
6.5
Russia
17,075
4,132
1,568
142.0
0.066
0.15
1.4
Japan
378
614
1,249
128.0
2.379
0.82
7.3
India
3,166
1,779
1,222
1169.0
0.278
0.28
2.5
Germany
357
597
829
82.6
1.672
0.56
5.0
Canada
9,985
3,159
559
32.8
0.040
0.07
0.6
UK
244
493
539
60.8
1.591
0.44
3.9
Italy
301
548
477
58.9
1.141
0.35
3.1
South Korea
99
314
475
48.2
3.455
0.61
5.4
Iran
1,648
1,283
447
71.2
0.195
0.14
1.3
Mexico
1,964
1,401
411
106.5
0.151
0.12
1.1
France
544
737
399
61.6
0.528
0.22
1.9
Australia
7,682
2,771
382
20.7
0.036
0.06
0.5
Indonesia
1,905
1,380
367
232.0
0.139
0.11
1.0
Spain
506
711
367
44.3
0.522
0.21
1.9
Brazil
8,547
2,923
352
192.0
0.030
0.05
0.4
South Africa
1,219
1,104
337
48.6
0.199
0.12
1.1
Saudi Arabia
2,240
1,496
333
24.8
0.107
0.09
0.8
Ukraine
604
777
303
46.2
0.361
0.16
1.4
NOTES: Mton CO2 = million metric ton of CO2. The totals include electricity generation, heating, transportation, manufacturing and construction, and other fuel combustion, but not bunker fuels, land-use change, or waste.
SOURCES: National totals for 2005 from the World Resources Institute. Area and population are from the CIA Fact book.
TABLE B.2 National Emissions of CH4, N2O, and SF6 and Estimated Atmospheric Signals
