Appendix I
Acronyms and Abbreviations
ABI Automated Broker Interface
ACS Automated Commercial System
AF acidified food
AFDO Association of Food and Drug Officials
AFSS Animal Feed Safety System
AIDS acquired immune deficiency syndrome
ALERT Assure, Look, Employees, Report, Threat
AMS Agricultural Marketing Service (USDA)
APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
APFSL Agricultural Products Food Safety Laboratory
APHIS Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service (USDA)
APHL Association of Public Health Laboratories
AQIS Australian Quarantine and Inspection Service
ARS Agricultural Research Service (USDA)
ASTHO Association of State and Territorial Health Officials
AVMA American Veterinary Medical Association
BATF Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, and Firearms (USDOT)
BRC British Research Consortium
BSE bovine spongiform encephalopathy
BSL biosafety level
CAERS CFSAN Adverse Events Reporting System
CBP U.S. Customs and Border Protection (DHS)
CDC U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
CFI Center for Foodborne Illness Research and Prevention
CFIA Canadian Food Inspection Agency
CFR Code of Federal Regulations
CFSAN Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (FDA)
CFU colony forming units
CGMP current good manufacturing practice
CHB Customs House Broke
CIA Central Intelligence Agency
CIFOR Council to Improve Foodborne Outbreak Response
CIKR Critical infrastructure and key resources
CRC CFSAN Review Committee
CSPI Center for Science in the Public Interest
CU Consumers Union
CVM Center for Veterinary Medicine (FDA)
DG SANCO Directorate General for Health and Consumers (European Commission)
DHS U.S. Department of Homeland Security
DLC dioxin-like compound
DNA deoxyribonucleic acid
DoC U.S. Department of Commerce
DoD U.S. Department of Defense
DoI U.S. Department of the Interior
DOJ U.S. Department of Justice
DVFA Danish Veterinary and Food Administration
EFSA European Food Safety Authority
EHR electronic health record
EHS-NET Environmental Health Specialists Network
eLEXNET electronic Laboratory Exchange Network (FDA)
EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency
Epi-X Epidemic Information Exchange
ERS Economic Research Service (USDA)
EU European Union
FAO Food and Agriculture Organization
FASCAT Food and Agriculture Sector Criticality Assessment Tool
FASCC Food and Agriculture Sector Coordinating Council
FBI Federal Bureau of Investigation
FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration
FDAAA Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007
FDCA Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act
FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency (DHS)
FERN Food Emergency Response Network
FMI Food Marketing Institute
FMIA Federal Meat Inspection Act
FNB Food and Nutrition Board
FOIA Freedom of Information Act
FoodNet Foodborne Diseases Active Surveillance Network
FOUO For Official Use Only
FPP Food Protection Plan
FSA Food Standards Agency (United Kingdom)
FSANZ Food Standards Australia New Zealand
FSIC Food Safety Information Council
FSII Food Safety Information Infrastructure
FSIS Food Safety and Inspection Service (USDA)
FSLC Food Safety Leadership Council
FSQS Food Safety and Quality Service
FSWG Food Safety Working Group
FTC Federal Trade Commission
FTE full-time equivalent/employee
FVO Food and Veterinary Office (European Union)
FWS Fish and Wildlife Service (DoI)
FY fiscal year
GAO U.S. Government Accountability Office (previously U.S. General Accounting Office)
GAP Good Agricultural Practice
GAqP Good Aquacultural Practice
GATT General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GCC Government Coordinating Council
GC-MS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry
GFSI Global Food Safety Initiative
GIP Good Importer Practice
GIPSA Grain Inspection, Packers, and Stockyards Administration (USDA)
GMA Grocery Manufacturers Association
GMP Good Manufacturing Practice
GPRA Government Performance and Results Act
GRAS generally recognized as safe
HACCP Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points
HC Health Canada
HHS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services
HIPAA Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act
HIV human immunodeficiency virus
HSIN Homeland Security Information Network
HSPD Homeland Security Presidential Directive
IAC Intertribal Agriculture Council
IEC International Electrotechnical Commission
IFSS Integrated Food Safety System
IFT Institute of Food Technologists
IIT Illinois Institute of Technology
IOM Institute of Medicine
IRAC Interagency Risk Assessment Consortium
IRB Institutional Review Board
ISO International Organization for Standardization
IT information technology
JIFSAN Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition
LACF low-acid canned foods
LM Listeria monocytogenes
MARCS Mission Activity Reporting Compliance System
MCDA multiple criteria decision analysis
MDP Microbiological Data Program
MDVP Methods Development and Validation Program
MHS Meat Hygiene Service (United Kingdom Food Standards Agency)
MID Manufacturer Identification
MOU memorandum of understanding
NACCHO National Association of County and City Health Officials
NAL National Agricultural Library (USDA)
NARMS National Antimicrobial Resistance Monitoring System
NASS National Agricultural Statistics Service (USDA)
NCFPD National Center for Food Protection and Defense (DHS)
NCFST National Center for Food Safety and Technology
NCNPR National Center for Natural Products Research
NCTR National Center for Toxicological Research (FDA)
NEHA National Environmental Health Association
NGO nongovernmental organization
NIFA National Institute of Food and Agriculture (USDA)
NIH National Institutes of Health
NIMS National Incident Management System
NIPP National Infrastructure Protection Plan
NLEA Nutrition Labeling and Education Act
NMFS National Marine Fisheries Service (DoC)
NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (DoC)
NORS National Outbreak Reporting System
NRC National Research Council or Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NRP National Response Plan
NZFSA New Zealand Food Safety Authority
OASIS Operational and Administrative System for Import Support
OCI Office of Criminal Investigations (FDA)
OCM Office of Crisis Management (FDA)
OECA Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assistance (EPA)
OHA Office of Health Affairs (DHS)
OMB Office of Management and Budget
OPA Office of Public Affairs (FDA)
OPHEP Office of Public Health Emergency Preparedness
OPPTS Office of Prevention, Pesticides and Toxic Substances (EPA)
OR Office of Research (CVM)
ORA Office of Regulatory Affairs (FDA)
ORACBA Office of Risk Assessment and Cost-Benefit Analysis (USDA)
ORAU Office of Regulatory Affairs University
ORD Office of Research and Development (EPA)
ORM operational risk management
PART Program Assessment Rating Tool
PCII Protected Critical Infrastructure Information
PCR polymerase chain reaction
PCT Pesticide Coordination Team
PDP Pesticide Data Program (USDA)
PFGE pulsed-field gel electrophoresis
PFSE Partnership for Food Safety Education
PN prior notice
PNC Prior Notice Center
PRA Paperwork Reduction Act
PREDICT Predictive Risk-Based Evaluation for Dynamic Import Compliance Targeting
PulseNet National Molecular Subtyping Network for Foodborne Disease Surveillance
RACT Risk Assessment Coordination Team
RCAC Risk Communication Advisory Committee (FDA)
RIHSC Research Involving Human Subjects Committee
RMF risk management framework
SAHCDHA serious adverse health consequences or death to humans or animals
SCC Sector Coordinating Council
SEB Staphylococcal enterotoxin B
SPPA Strategic Partnership Program Agroterrorism
SPS Sanitary and Phytosanitary
SQF Safe Quality Food
SSA Sector-Specific Agency
SSP Sector-Specific Plan
TBT Technical Barriers to Trade
TDS Total Diet Study
UF University of Florida
UK United Kingdom
UMB University of Maryland, Baltimore
USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture
USDOT U.S. Department of Treasury
WCFS Western Center for Food Safety
WCL Washington College of Law
WHO World Health Organization
WIC Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children
WIFSS Western Institute for Food Safety and Security
WTO World Trade Organization