carbon analyses. The Desert Research Institute conducted x-ray diffraction (XRD), XRF, carbon, and ion analyses on 15 resuspended samples. R.J. Lee Group was responsible for individual particle analysis using computer-controlled scanning electron microscopy (CCSEM) and the secondary electron imaging by high magnification scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
A sampling schedule of 1 day in 6 was followed. Because of the limited availability of samplers and personnel to conduct the sampling, only one sample set (with Teflon filters, “Sample Set T”; with quartz-fiber filters, “Sample Set Q”; or with Nuclepore filters, Sample Set “N”) was collected on a given sampling day. During a period of 1 month, there were two sampling days each for Teflon and quartz-fiber filters, and one sampling day for Nuclepore filters. During the field campaign period, 40% of the samples were collected on Teflon filters, 40% on quartz-fiber filters, and 20% on Nuclepore filters. Thus, during the period of the sampling year, Teflon and quartz-fiber filters each were collected for a maximum of 7% of the days. The sampling time for Teflon and quartz-fiber filters was 24 hours. For the Nuclepore filters, the sampling period was only 2 hours because CCSEM analysis requires that filter samples be only lightly loaded.
TABLE 2-1 Sampling Sites and Sampling Periods
|
Sampling Location |
Sampling Period |
|
|
Beginning |
End |
|
|
Djibouti |
12-05-2005 |
06-09-2007 |
|
Bagram, Afghanistan |
12-07-2005 |
05-21-2007 |
|
Khowst, Afghanistan |
04-28-2006 |
06-22-2007 |
|
Qatar |
02-16-2006 |
02-06-2007 |
|
United Arab Emirates |
02-18-2006 |
02-07-2007 |
|
Balad, Iraq |
01-15-2006 |
03-24-2007 |
|
Baghdad, Iraq |
01-08-2006 |
01-11-2007 |
|
Tallil, Iraq |
01-15-2006 |
02-15-2007 |
|
Tikrit, Iraq |
01-12-2006 |
03-12-2007 |
|
Taji, Iraq |
02-05-2006 |
02-11-2007 |
|
Al Asad, Iraq |
01-08-2006 |
12-26-2007 |
|
Northern Kuwait |
01-28-2006 |
02-04-2007 |
|
Central Kuwait |
03-14-2006 |
03-19-2007 |
|
Coastal Kuwait |
01-20-2006 |
03-20-2007 |
|
Southern Kuwait |
01-21-2006 |
01-15-2007 |
|
Source: Adapted from Engelbrecht et al. 2008. |
||