FIGURE 5-1 Government organizations functioning under central government S&T departments in India. SOURCE: Country Report for India 2007, PRO INO Europe.

the plan also recommends that scientific developments in the rest of the world be surveyed to assist in the selection of critical technologies for prioritized investment.

Defense is also a national priority. The Sino-Indian War in 1962 and two subsequent wars with Pakistan in 1965 and 1971 made deep impressions on the Indian psyche. India now has the third-largest military force in the world. Although it maintains a “no first use” nuclear policy, India became a nuclear power in 1974 and has since expanded its nuclear capabilities.

A review of previous five-year plans reveals the continuation of strategies in key technology areas, which indicates that there is a long-term strategy, even though it is not documented beyond five years. The current five-year plan identifies detailed research foci and envisioned outcomes for 16 sectors with the greatest proposed national