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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. GDP gross domestic product GERD gross expenditure on research and development GET-UP Growing Enterprises with Technology Upgrade (Singapore) GLONASS Global’naya Navigatsionnaya Sputnikovaya Sistema (Global Navigation Satellite System) GNP gross national product GPS global positioning system GSLV Geosynchronous Satellite Launch Vehicle GWe gigawatt-electric HTI High Tech Indicator IC intelligence community IED improvised explosive device IGS information gathering satellite IITs Indian Institutes of Technology IMD International Institute for Management Development IMF International Monetary Fund INCT Instituto Nacional de Ciência e Tecnologia (National Institute of Science and Technology) INSAT Indian National Satellite System IP intellectual property ISSCC International Solid State Circuits Conference IT information technology ITC innovative-technological centers JBRICS Japan, Brazil, Russia, India, China, and Singapore KAM Knowledge Assessment Methodology KIP Knowledge Innovation Program MDA model-driven architecture MLTP Medium and Long Term Plan for S&T MTI Ministry of Trade and Industry (Government of Singapore) MRI magnetic resonance imaging MWe megawatt-electric NAE National Academy of Engineering NIAC national information analytical center NIC National Intelligence Council (of the United States) NIE National Intelligence Estimate NISTADS National Institute of Science, Technology and Development Studies NISTEP National Institute of Science and Technology Policy NRC National Research Council NSF National Science Foundation OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development PACTI Plano de Ação, Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação para o Desenvolvimiento Nacional (Action Plan on Science, Technology and Innovation for National Development) PDM product data management PHWR pressurized heavy-water reactor
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