One of the workshop’s main objectives was to examine options for a surveillance-system framework to monitor the Gulf oil spill’s short- and long-term effects on human health. This final session was designed to integrate the many perspectives and themes that emerged throughout the workshop, including opportunities to build on what is already known and what has yet to be discovered. Considering the broad range of scientific evidence and suggestions presented throughout the course of the workshop, panelists discussed possible components and suggestions to develop a framework for effective surveillance systems and monitoring activities.