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Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

Index

2 Micron All Sky Survey, 143, 145, 146 n.10

A

AAG (see Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants Program)

Access to Large Telescopes for Astronomical Instruction and Research Committee, 88, 176, 177

ACTA (see Atmospheric Ęerenkov Telescope Array)

Adaptive optics, 5, 23, 25, 38, 88, 111, 145, 151, 158, 165, 170, 171, 172, 177, 194, 196, 201, 202, 227, 228, 230, 231, 236, 263

Advanced Gamma-ray Imaging System, 24-25, 97, 233, 251

Advanced LIGO, 18, 39, 66, 75, 76, 98, 99

Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation program, 5, 25, 92, 146, 151, 152, 157-158, 171, 176, 226, 236, 239

recommended augmentation, 5, 236

Advanced Technology Solar Telescope, 34, 64, 147, 171, 172, 181, 182, 188, 202, 203, 231, 240, 263

AGIS (see Advanced Gamma-ray Imaging System)

Air Force Office of Scientific Research, 180

Allen Telescope Array, 92, 93, 96, 169, 251

ALMA (see Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array)

ALTAIR (see Access to Large Telescopes for Astronomical Instruction and Research)

American Astronomical Society (AAS), 30, 104, 112, 116-117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 125, 126, 128, 129 n.22, 186

American Physical Society, 30, 116, 120, 125

Antarctica, 81, 99-100, 217

Apache Point Observatory, 89, 165

ARCADE (Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission), 222

Arecibo, 85, 93, 169, 180, 262

ARISE (Advanced Radio Interferometry between Space and Earth), 16

Arizona Radio Observatory, 93

ASPERA (Astroparticle ERAnet), 86

ASTRONET study, 83, 86, 96

Astronomers and astrophysicists

AAS membership, 117-118, 121

amateur, 103, 107

contributions of, 4

demography, 116-124

engagement in education, 111-112

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

minority representation, 30, 125-128

postdoctoral fellows, 122, 141, 152

public policy role, 28-29, 115-116

publication statistics, 82-83, 119-120

training and career development, 29-30, 103-104, 109, 114, 116, 124-125, 128, 133-134, 141, 149, 151-152, 157, 165

women, 30, 127, 128-129

Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee, 100, 101, 102, 135, 143, 153

Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium, 16 n.2, 26, 81, 87, 95, 96, 174, 175, 176, 185, 198, 214

Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants Program, 5, 25-26, 133, 140, 142, 152, 236, 239

recommended augmentation, 5, 236

Astronomy and Physics Research and Analysis grants program, 32, 133, 155-156, 157, 162, 217, 220-221

Astrophysics Theory Program, 5, 21, 133, 140, 141, 142, 219, 222, 238

recommended augmentation, 5, 219

ATA (see Allen Telescope Array)

Atacama Cosmology Telescope, 153

Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array

budget/funding, 93, 94, 179, 180, 188, 231, 240

capabilities and planned observations, 37, 50, 53, 76, 82, 181, 188, 189, 191, 192, 194, 196, 201, 202, 203, 204, 228, 234

complementary programs/instruments, 3, 4, 23, 25, 92, 132, 177, 189, 190, 201, 202, 204, 228, 234, 235

completion, 93, 169, 172, 188, 234

data archive, 143

extended configuration, 170

laboratory astrophysics and, 160, 161

location, 25, 235

next generation, 95

partnerships, 81, 82-83, 93, 169

return on investment, 229

scientific promise/productivity, 33, 234

upgrades/enhancements, 170, 180, 251

ATI (see Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation)

Atmospheric Ęerenkov Telescope Array, 3-4, 7, 24-25, 59, 93-94, 97, 190, 198, 200, 201, 203, 204, 232-234, 239-240, 241, 251, 263

recommendation, 7, 232-234

ATP (see Astrophysics Theory Program)

ATST (see Advanced Technology Solar Telescope)

Auger, 81, 75, 164, 251

B

Balloon programs, 22, 59, 99-100, 150, 156, 167, 175, 196-197, 217, 221, 222

Baryon Oscillations Spectroscopic Survey, 165

Big bang, 1, 10, 13, 48, 52, 57, 59, 69, 72, 74, 104, 110, 111, 137, 197-198

Big Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, 227, 261-262

Big Bear Solar Observatory, 180

BigBOSS (see Big Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey)

Black holes

accretion, 8, 59, 138, 190-191

cosmic order, 57-59, 203

discovery, 79

dormant, 63

energy emissions, 42, 43, 51, 53, 58, 59, 62, 75, 149-150, 192, 200

environmental impacts, 59

event horizon, 13, 59, 75, 200

formation and evolution, 11, 13, 18, 42, 52-53, 58, 191, 192, 205, 261-262

galactic nuclei, 1, 7, 11, 13, 42, 43, 52-53, 57-59, 62, 63, 74-75, 107, 117, 118, 137, 190-191, 192, 198, 209, 228

gamma-ray astronomy, 51, 59, 75, 149-150, 198

gravitational waves, 3, 13, 39, 42, 43, 45, 53, 74-75, 98, 136, 191, 199, 200, 262

images, 62, 63

infrared astronomy, 53, 62, 190-191, 192, 205

laser interferometry, 75, 209

mass and spin characterization, 75, 191, 199, 209

massive, 2, 39, 53, 190

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

mergers and collisions, 2, 8, 11, 13, 18, 39, 42, 43, 45, 53, 74-75, 98, 136, 191, 192, 199, 200, 209, 228, 240, 262

Milky Way, 62, 228

neutron star collapse, 66

optical imaging, 62, 138

origin/first, 2, 11, 48, 49-50, 52-53, 190

and public engagement in science, 104, 113

pulsars and, 262

quasars, 11, 49-50, 79, 190, 203, 261

radio astronomy, 52-53, 262

simulations, 136, 138

spectroscopic analysis, 53

supermassive, 35, 42, 43, 52-53, 57-58, 59, 62, 63, 75, 246

supernovae and, 11, 13, 60, 66

UV astronomy, 63

X-ray astronomy, 13, 19, 49-50, 53, 59, 62, 63, 75, 192, 198, 200

Blanco Telescope, 165, 169, 170

BLISS (Background-Limited Infrared-Submillimeter Spectrograph), 218

C

CANGAROO (Collaboration of Australia and Nippon (Japan) for a Gamma Ray Observatory in the Outback), 97

CAREER awards, 109, 133

CARMA (see Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy)

CATE (see Cost appraisal and technical evaluation)

CCAT

complementary technology, 4, 25, 196, 202, 234

cost appraisal and technical evaluation, 6, 25, 234, 238, 251

design/capabilities, 190, 234, 235

laboratory astrophysics demands, 160

location, 25, 235

operational time frame, 25

partnerships, 6, 94, 234

priority, 4, 234-235, 251

recommendation, 6, 25, 234-235

science objectives, 6, 25, 190, 192, 196, 201, 202, 203, 204

technical risk, 6, 25

Ęerenkov Telescope Array, 7, 24, 25, 97, 233

Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, 89, 165

Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, 20, 59, 61, 62, 63, 71-72, 80, 81, 132-133, 140, 166, 215

CIP (see Community Instrumentation Programs)

Climate research, 28-29, 34, 114-115

CMB (see Cosmic microwave background)

COBE (see Cosmic Background Explorer)

Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy, 54, 92, 93, 169, 251

Community Instrumentation Programs, 152

Compact objects

(see also Black holes; Neutron stars)

binary systems, 18

general relativity around, 74-76

Computer technology, high-performance, 111, 132, 136, 141-142

Constellation-X, 97, 214

Core research program

augmentation, 4

data and software, 142-148

Explorer and suborbital programs, 149-151

individual investigator grants, 4, 25-26, 132-135, 140, 173, 201, 219, 222, 236

innovation, 151-153

laboratory astrophysics, 159-162

medium-scale activities, 148-154

recommended additions and augmentations, 219-222

technology development, 154-159

theory, 135-142

workforce development, 148-149

Cornell-Caltech Atacama Telescope (see CCAT)

COROT (Convection, Rotation and Planetary Transits), 40

Cosmic acceleration, 13, 16, 47, 48, 49, 60, 68, 70-71, 137-138, 196, 197, 200, 205, 206, 223, 227, 247, 261-262

Cosmic Background Explorer, 17-18, 80, 149

Cosmic microwave background

astrophysics, 99, 165, 173

COBE, 17-18, 80, 149

defined, 48

funding, 238, 241, 262-263

gravitational wave astronomy, 70-71, 197-198, 200, 217, 262-263

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

inflation studies, 2, 3, 7, 13, 20-21, 18, 37, 40, 69, 70-71, 197-198, 200, 217, 237, 262-263

neutrino mass measurement, 74, 204

polar programs, 99

polarization studies, 13, 69-70, 101, 155, 159, 197-198, 217, 263

radio astronomy, 52

standard cosmological model, 135, 196-197

suborbital programs, 5, 22, 222

technology development, 92, 156, 174, 198, 217, 238, 262-263

temperature fluctuations, 18, 40, 47, 69, 149

universe age and content mapping, 37, 47-48, 135, 208

Cosmic paleontology, 11, 43, 46, 52, 137, 201, 247

Cosmic rays, 61, 66, 67, 72, 75, 80, 98, 123, 159, 164, 173, 202, 203, 222

Cosmic Vision program, 83, 86, 97, 207, 212

Cosmological constant, 70, 71, 197

Cost appraisal and technical evaluation

(see also individual projects), 6-8, 186-187, 195, 224, 250, 253-259

CSO (see Caltech Submillimeter Observatory)

CTA (see Ęerenkov Telescope Array)

CTIO (see Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory)

D

Dark energy, 35, 79, 98, 101, 173, 199, 246

Baryon Oscillations Spectroscopic Survey, 165

content of the universe, 49, 197

and cosmic acceleration, 13, 16, 47, 49, 70, 196, 197, 200

cosmological constant and, 71, 197

Dark Energy Camera, 100, 158, 165

Dark Energy Survey, 81

Gemini studies, 5, 170, 177

JDEM, 17, 97, 159, 174, 188 n.7, 206-207, 257, 258, 259

LSST survey, 3, 6, 22, 174, 197, 200, 223

theoretical investigations, 200

WFIRST, 3, 8, 16, 17, 197, 200, 205-206, 207, 208

Dark matter

composition of the universe, 13, 48, 49; 71, 72, 73, 138, 190, 197

DOE experiments, 165, 173, 188 n.7, 240

galactic halos, 51, 52, 58, 59, 62, 69, 72, 203

gamma-ray astronomy, 24, 72, 200, 204, 233

gravitational lensing, 52, 71, 73, 135

detection of particles, 7, 72, 135, 165, 200

nature of, 71-72, 204, 246, 247

neutrinos, 74

particle astrophysics, 13, 72, 98, 111, 136, 232-233

simulations, 138

spectroscopic studies, 228

suborbital programs, 222

theoretical challenges, 71-72, 137, 138

X-ray astronomy, 71-72, 73, 203

Data and software

(see also Simulations)

2MASS archive, 143, 145

ALFA HI archive, 145

ALMA archive, 143

analysis and simulations, 45-46

core research programs, 142-148

curation, 31, 143-147

and discovery, 3, 45-46

DOE, 31, 141, 143, 146, 147

FIRST archive, 145

ground-based projects, 31

HST archive, 143, 144, 145

LSST potential, 22, 143, 201, 203, 206

NASA, 31, 143-144, 146, 147

NSF, 31, 146, 147

NVSS archive, 145

proposal opportunities, 133

recommendations, 31, 146, 147

reduction and analysis software, 148

SDSS archive, 143, 145

virtual observatories, 142, 145-146

WFIRST potential, 201

DataNet program (Sustainable Digital Data Preservation and Access Network Partners), 147

Decadal survey implementation advisory committee, 15, 19, 20, 102, 195, 198, 213, 214, 216-217, 237-238

Department of Defense, 131

Department of Energy (DOE)

advisory groups, 98-99, 100, 101, 135, 143, 163, 188, 240

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

astrophysics research, 98, 99, 133, 163-165

budget/costs/funding, 5, 14, 26, 98, 133, 140, 164, 188, 225, 233, 240, 241, 253, 256

CMB research, 165, 174

dark energy/matter experiments, 81, 97, 98, 100, 158, 159, 164-165, 170, 173, 174, 188 n.7, 206-207, 240, 257, 258, 259

data handling and curation, 31, 141, 143, 146, 147

Fusion Energy Sciences program, 165

grant programs, 133, 162

HEPAP, 99, 100, 163, 188, 240

interagency collaborations, 22-23, 26, 81, 97, 100, 101, 147, 159, 165, 174, 185, 188, 206-207, 223, 225, 233, 257, 258, 259

international collaborations, 22, 97, 164, 165, 233

laboratory astrophysics, 31-32, 159, 161, 162, 162, 165, 220-221, 266

LSST, 23, 24, 158, 159, 174, 175, 223, 225, 240

Major Item of Equipment funds, 22, 225

national laboratories, 161, 162, 164

National Nuclear Security Administration, 31, 162, 165

nuclear weapons mission, 158

Office of High Energy Physics, 80, 98-99, 100, 140, 163, 164, 240

Office of Nuclear Physics, 80

Office of Science, 14, 31, 98, 102, 162

particle astrophysics projects, 98, 99, 140, 163-165, 185, 188

public-private partnerships, 22, 164, 174

recommendations for, 15, 29, 31, 102, 116, 142, 147, 162, 237

small-scale projects, 5, 26

technology development, 23, 24, 99, 100, 158-159, 174, 175, 223, 240, 251

theoretical and computational networks, 26, 31, 140, 141, 142, 162, 240

training and career development, 165

DSIAC (see Decadal survey implementation advisory committee)

Dunn Solar Telescope, 169, 172, 181

Dust

chemical reactions on grain surfaces, 159 n.25, 161

interference in planet detection, 216

molecular clouds enshrouded in, 56, 78

nebulae, 106

organic molecules on, 76

planet formation, 20, 53, 139

stellar disks, 38, 54, 194, 196

surveys, 4, 189, 203, 263

E

EHT (Event Horizon Telescope), 251

Einstein’s theory of gravity (see General relativity)

EJSM (Europa Jupiter System Mission), 97, 212

Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope, 16 n.2, 198 n.13

Epoch of inflation, 3, 13, 20-21, 37, 48, 49, 69, 197-198, 200, 217, 263

Epoch of recombination, 48

Epoch of reionization, 10-11, 36, 49, 50, 92, 189, 190, 192, 198, 201, 227, 246, 247, 262

ESA (see European Space Agency)

ESM (Electromagnetic Spectrum Management), 152

Euclid, see European Space Agency

Europa Jupiter System Mission, 97, 212

European Extremely Large Telescope, 83, 84, 94, 95-96, 229, 231

European Southern Observatory, 82, 83, 88, 94, 229, 231

European Space Agency (ESA)

COROT, 40

Cosmic Vision program, 83, 86, 97, 207, 212

Euclid M-class proposal, 17, 97, 207

Herschel and Planck telescopes, 83

IXO partnership, 8, 19, 93-94, 97, 214, 215, 258

JDEM partnership, 174, 257, 258

LISA partnership, 8, 18-19, 93, 97, 212, 213, 214, 257, 258

SPICA mission, 21, 218

XEUS missions, 97, 214

European Union, 82-83, 84

EVLA (see Expanded Very Large Array)

EXIST (see Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope)

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

Exoplanet astronomy

discoveries, 12

dust debris disks, 38, 194

gravitational microlensing, 15, 192-193, 196

gravitational waves, 12, 192-193, 204

infrared surveys, 3, 8, 12, 16, 17, 41, 192-193, 194, 195-196, 205, 207, 208, 215-216, 228

radial velocity surveys, 12, 20, 38, 40, 192, 193, 195 n.10, 196, 227, 263

radio surveys, 12

UV survey, 5

New Worlds Technology Development Program, 3, 7, 20, 215-217, 237

Exoplanets

(see also Exoplanet astronomy)

atmospheric composition, 12, 41

discovery, 2, 10, 12, 36, 37-39, 40-41, 191

census of Earth-like planets, 191-192, 196, 217

Kepler mission, 12, 16, 37, 40, 81, 133, 166, 168, 192, 193, 195, 196, 205, 215, 259

molecular signatures, 12, 39, 41, 67-68, 77, 296

New Worlds Technology Development Program, 3, 7, 20, 215-217, 237

science objectives, 2, 36, 57, 189, 191-195, 196

stellar characteristics, 196, 202, 247

technology development, 20, 195

water, 12, 39

Expanded Very Large Array, 50, 53, 82, 85, 93, 96, 169, 172, 179, 251

Explorer program

budget/costs/funding, 8, 17, 18

Galaxy Evolution Explorer, 18, 63, 150, 166, 168, 208, 219, 221

MIDEX missions, 8, 17-18, 37, 47, 69, 80, 99, 133, 149-150, 166, 168, 208, 210, 221

Missions of Opportunity, 8, 18, 150, 208, 209, 210, 217

recommendation, 8, 18, 208-209

Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager, 18

SMEX missions, 8, 18;

see also GEMS

Swift mission, 17, 18, 37, 80, 133, 149-150, 166, 168, 210

WISE, 17, 18, 150, 166, 168, 210

WMAP, 17-18, 47, 69, 80, 99, 149, 168, 208, 210, 221

F

FASR (see Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope)

Federal Funding of Astronomical Research (FFAR) report, 113, 119, 120

Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, 43, 59, 72, 80, 81, 97, 99, 100, 132-133, 140, 159, 164-165, 166

FIRST (Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-one Centimeters), 145

Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope, 34, 175, 181, 182, 202, 227, 251, 262

FUSE (Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer), 168, 219

G

GAIA (Graphical Astronomy and Image Analysis), 44

Galaxies

active, 117, 118, 246

baryon cycling, 57, 137, 205-206, 247

black holes/nuclei, 1, 7, 11, 13, 42, 43, 52-53, 57-59, 62, 63, 74-75, 107, 117, 118, 137, 190-191, 192, 198, 209, 228

chemistry, 57, 61, 76, 77, 204

clusters, 47, 52, 71, 73, 74, 117, 118, 120, 197, 198, 200, 213-214, 234, 246

dark energy and, 197

dark matter, 51, 52-53, 58, 59, 62, 69, 71, 72, 73, 137, 190, 203

distribution mapping, 47, 52, 69, 197, 200, 261

earliest, 5, 10, 11, 49, 50, 137, 177, 189, 192, 228

formation and evolution, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 16, 18, 21, 35, 39, 42, 45, 49, 51, 52, 58, 59, 72, 74-75, 137, 150, 189, 190-191, 192, 198, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 218, 220, 227, 234, 246, 247, 261-262

gamma-ray surveys, 164

gas distributions and exchanges, 73, 190, 192, 203, 228, 246

gravitational lensing, 73, 197, 200, 205

gravitational waves, 11, 39, 75, 192

high-redshift, 76, 202

hot gases, 2, 3, 5, 52, 57, 58, 71-72, 213-214

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

life cycles, 58-59, 62-63

mass, 58, 190

mass-energy-chemical cycles, 57, 247

mergers, 11, 39, 42, 51, 57, 58, 191, 192, 209

millimeter and submillimeter imaging surveys, 25, 190, 192

neutron stars, 75

OIR surveys, 3, 8, 16, 18, 177, 190-191, 192, 197, 202, 203, 205, 206, 227, 228

origins, 10, 46-47, 48, 51-52, 200

properties, 58-59, 61, 71, 76, 203, 228, 246

protogalaxies, 50, 246

quasars, 11, 190

radio astronomy, 44

simulations and mathematical modeling, 45, 137, 141 n.7, 191

structure, 58, 137, 223, 246

supernovae and, 60, 61, 62, 63

UV surveys, 5, 62, 150, 190

X-ray astronomy, 42, 62, 74, 191, 213-214

youngest, 190, 192

Galaxy Evolution Explorer, 18, 63, 133, 150, 166, 168, 208, 219, 221

Galaxy Zoo, 105-106, 107

GALEX (see Galaxy Evolution Explorer)

Gamma-ray astronomy and astrophysics

ACTA, 3-4, 7, 24-25, 59, 93-94, 97, 190, 198, 200, 201, 203, 204, 232-234, 239-240, 241, 251, 263

AGIS, 24-25, 97, 233, 251

all-sky maps, 164, 227, 241, 263

black holes, 51, 59, 75, 149-150, 198

burst events, 18, 37, 44-45, 75, 141 n.7, 149, 200, 223

Ęerenkov Telescope Array, 7, 24, 25, 97, 233

dark matter, 24, 72, 200, 204, 233

FGST, 43, 59, 72, 80, 81, 97, 99, 100, 132-133, 140, 159, 164-165, 166

HAWC experiment, 227, 241, 263

suborbital programs, 150

supernova explosions, 66, 67

VERITAS, 59, 81, 97, 159, 164, 169, 232, 233

very high energy, 3-4, 24, 67, 198, 227, 232-234, 241, 249, 263

Gemini Observatory, 132

costs, 177, 178

dark energy surveys, 5, 170, 177

data archives, 145

exoplanet survey, 38

funding, 5, 26, 92, 171, 176, 177, 178, 239

instrumentation, 170, 171, 176, 177, 194

international collaboration, 26, 33, 81, 83, 89, 170, 178, 236

management, 26, 33, 88, 90, 170, 176, 177, 178, 179, 236

recommended augmentation, 5, 33, 179, 236, 239

GEMS (Gravity and Extreme Magnetism SMEX), 167, 168, 210

General relativity, 8, 12, 18, 35, 37, 39, 70, 74-76, 195-196, 197, 198, 199

Giant Magellan Telescope, 7, 23, 24, 94, 229-231

Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope

complementary technology, 3, 23, 95, 190, 191, 200, 202, 203, 204, 228, 229

cost/funding, 6, 7, 24, 92, 153, 175, 176, 227, 229, 231-232, 239-240, 251

design/capabilities, 23, 201, 204, 228, 230

GMT, 7, 23, 24, 94, 229-231

management, 178

operational timescale, 231, 239

partnerships, 23-24, 94-95, 229, 231, 232

recommendation, 6, 23-24, 228-232

technical risk, 6, 229

technology development, 227, 231

TMT, 6, 23, 24, 94, 229-231

GMT (see Giant Magellan Telescope)

GONG (Global Oscillation Network Group), 169

Grand Telescopio Canarias, 82

Gravitational lensing, 16, 52, 71, 73, 135, 197-198, 200, 223, 262

Gravitational microlensing, 12, 16, 103, 135, 192-193, 196, 205, 207, 208

Gravitational wave astronomy, 263

Advanced LIGO, 18, 39, 66, 75, 76, 98, 99

black hole mergers and, 3, 13, 39, 42, 43, 45, 53, 74-75, 98, 136, 191, 199, 200, 262

bursts of radiation, 191, 192, 200

CMB research, 70-71, 197-198, 200, 217, 262-263

detection, 13, 20, 39, 199, 227, 251

discovery potential of, 35, 36, 39, 42-43, 45, 74-75, 201, 247

exoplanet surveys, 192-193, 204

galaxy formation, 11, 39, 75, 192

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

ground-based observatories, 18, 39, 227, 251, 262

inflationary, 20-21, 69-70, 197-198, 200, 217, 262-263

neutron star mergers, 45, 75, 199

origin, 8, 11, 39, 43

physics, 98, 99, 249

pulsar timing, 227, 251, 262

radio astronomy, 41

relativity tests, 74, 199

simulations, 136

space-based observatories, 2, 53, 80

(see also Laser Interferometer Space Antenna)

spectrum, 39

supernovae, 39, 66, 76, 136, 197

X-ray astronomy, 41

Great Observatories, 141, 144, 166

Green Bank Solar Radio Burst Spectrometer, 181

Green Bank Telescope, 78, 85, 93, 96, 169, 179, 180 n.12, 251

GSMT (see Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope)

H

HAWC (see High Altitude Water erenkov)

HEASARC (High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center), 146

HEGRA (High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy), 97

HEPAP (see High Energy Physics Advisory Panel)

HERA (see Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array)

Herschel telescope, 22, 81, 83, 161, 165, 166, 220

HESS (High Energy Stereoscopic System), 97, 232

HET (Hobby-Eberly Telescope), 89

High Altitude Observatory, 99, 180-181

High Altitude Water Ęerenkov experiment, 227, 241, 263

High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, 99, 100, 163, 188, 240

HST, see Hubble Space Telescope

Hubble Space Telescope, 12, 21, 41, 51, 54, 56, 62, 63, 66, 71-72, 73, 80, 81, 104, 105, 113, 132-133, 140, 143, 144, 145, 165, 166, 167, 168, 190, 200, 219, 220, 227, 228, 263

Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array, 94, 96, 189, 192, 227, 247, 251, 262

I

IceCube, 81, 99, 168-169

Inflation

CMB studies, 2, 3, 7, 13, 20-21, 18, 37, 40, 69, 70-71, 197-198, 200, 217, 237, 262-263

epoch of, 3, 13, 20-21, 37, 49, 69, 197-198, 200, 217, 263

gravitational wave astronomy, 20-21, 69-70, 197-198, 200, 217, 262-263

Inflation Probe Technology Development program, 3, 7, 20-21, 217-218, 237

recommendation, 7, 217-218

Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, 105, 146

Infrared Telescope Facility, 89, 167, 169

Instrumentation

(see also Technology development)

adaptive optics, 5, 25, 171, 236

ATI program, 5, 25, 92, 146, 151, 152, 157-158, 171, 176, 226, 236, 239

Community Instrumentation Programs, 252

funding/costs, 88, 90, 95, 152, 153, 157, 171, 172, 173, 176, 177, 236, 239, 251

medium-scale, 15, 153, 176, 251

Mid-Scale Innovations Program augmentation, 151, 153, 176, 225-226, 263

MREFC, 6, 23, 24, 153

MRI, 6, 92, 151, 153, 157, 171, 176, 225, 227

open access to privately owned telescopes, 26, 33, 88, 90, 92, 152, 153, 176, 177, 178, 194, 231, 239, 251

recommendations, 4, 5, 34, 153, 156, 182, 236

ReSTAR, 88, 171, 176, 177, 178

solar telescope, 263

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

training, 116, 125, 126, 149, 150-151, 153, 225

TSIP, 26, 33, 90, 92, 152, 153, 171, 176, 177, 178, 194, 231, 236, 239, 251

workforce, 126, 149

INTEGRAL, 133, 166

Interagency collaborations

DOE, 22-23, 26, 81, 97, 100, 101, 147, 159, 165, 174, 185, 188, 206-207, 223, 225, 233, 257, 258, 259

NASA, 5, 8, 16-17, 97, 99-100, 101, 135, 147, 159, 165, 174, 185, 205, 206-207, 220-221, 257, 258, 259

NSF, 5, 22-23, 25, 81, 89, 99-100, 147, 165, 188, 223, 225

International collaborations, 2, 4

DOE, 22, 97, 164, 165, 233

Gemini, 26, 33, 81, 83, 89, 170, 178, 236

NASA, 5, 8, 18-19, 93, 94, 97, 155, 166, 212-213, 214-215, 218, 237-238, 240, 257, 258

NSF, 5, 6, 7, 25, 26, 33, 88, 89, 92, 93, 95, 165, 169, 170, 176-179, 232, 233, 236

strategic planning, 28, 86-87

International Traffic in Arms Regulations, 84, 175

International Virtual Observatory, 142

International X-ray Observatory

complementary technology, 20, 97, 215

cost/funding, 8, 19, 155, 214, 237, 238, 251, 257, 258, 259

design/configuration, 19, 213, 214

partnerships, 8, 19, 93-94, 97, 214

laboratory astrophysics demands, 22, 220

launch date and mission timeline, 19, 212, 214

recommendation, 8, 213-215

science objectives, 3, 8, 19, 20, 190-191, 192, 196, 198, 200, 202, 213-214, 215

technical risk, 3, 8, 214, 215

technology development, 19, 155, 214, 215, 237-238

International Year of Astronomy, 108

Interstellar medium, 5, 21, 53, 66, 76, 77, 111, 117, 118, 120, 137, 203, 218, 220, 246

IRAM telescopes, 82

IRAS (Infrared Astronomy Satellite), 80

Isaac Newton Telescope, 107

IXO (see International X-ray Observatory)

J

James Webb Space Telescope, 3, 5, 17, 22, 23, 38, 41, 50, 53, 59, 81, 161, 165-166, 167, 168, 177, 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 196, 201, 202, 203, 204, 219, 220, 228, 229, 259

Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 5, 8, 16 n.2, 19, 21, 81, 83, 84, 95, 97, 165, 167, 210, 214, 215, 218, 238

JAXA (see Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)

JDEM (see Joint Dark Energy Mission)

Joint Dark Energy Mission, 97, 159, 174, 206-207, 257, 258, 259

Omega concept, 17

JWST (see James Webb Space Telescope)

K

Keck Observatory, 38, 89, 90, 167, 169, 200, 216, 229

Kepler mission, 12, 16, 37, 40, 81, 133, 166, 168, 192, 193, 195, 196, 205, 215, 259

Kitt Peak National Observatory, 87, 89, 170, 261

Kuiper belt, 6, 38, 43, 216 n.17

L

La Silla Observatory, 88

Laboratory astrophysics

ALMA, 160, 161

CCAT, 160

DOE, 31-32, 159, 161, 162, 162, 165, 220-221, 266

IXO, 22, 220

NASA, 5, 32, 162, 220-221

NSF, 5, 32, 159, 161, 162

recommended augmentation, 5, 32, 220-221

scope and needs, 159-161

Large Area Telescope, 164-165

Large Binocular Telescope, 89, 216

Large Hadron Collider, 72, 204

Large Synoptic Survey Telescope

cost/funding, 6, 22-23, 92, 153, 176, 188 n.7, 223, 224-225, 227, 238, 239, 240, 251

dark energy survey, 3, 6, 22, 174, 197, 200, 223

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

database potential, 22, 143, 201, 203, 206

design/configuration, 22, 223-224

DOE and, 23, 24, 158, 159, 174, 175, 223, 225, 240

location, 22, 223

partnerships, 22, 84, 94, 223, 240

recommendation, 6, 223-225

science objectives, 3, 6, 22, 188 n.7, 191, 197, 200, 201, 223

technical risk, 6, 23, 224

technology development, 23, 24, 158, 159, 174, 175, 223

Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, 81, 99, 168-169, 199

Advanced LIGO, 18, 39, 66, 75, 76, 98, 99

Laser Interferometer Space Antenna

cost/funding, 8, 19, 168, 212-213, 238, 257, 258, 259

design/configuration, 209, 212

ESA partnership, 8, 18-19, 93, 97, 212, 214

launch date and mission timeline, 97, 209, 212-213, 214

Pathfinder mission, 8, 18-19, 155, 213

recommendation, 8, 209, 212-213

science objectives, 3, 8, 18, 75, 191, 192, 199, 200, 201, 209

technical risk, 8, 18-19, 213

technology development, 155, 214, 237-238

LISA (see Laser Interferometer Space Antenna)

LMT (Large Millimeter Telescope), 93

Long-duration balloon, 222

LSST (see Large Synoptic Survey Telescope)

M

Magellan Observatory, 89

Magellanic Clouds, 56, 202

MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Ęerenkov Telescope), 97, 232

Magnetars, 76

Magnetic fields and magnetic activity, 57, 61, 63-64, 67, 75, 76, 137, 158 n.25, 160-161, 171-172, 181, 199, 203, 220, 247

Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction, 6, 22, 23, 24, 99, 153, 158, 171, 172, 188, 205, 225, 227, 231, 232, 239-240, 256, 263

Major Research Instrumentation Program, 6, 92, 151, 153, 157, 171, 176, 225, 227

MAST (Multimission Archive at STScI), 146

Mathematical and Physical Sciences Advisory Committee, 100

Mayall Telescope, 169, 170, 281

McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope, 169, 181

MeerKAT, 96

Meese Solar Observatory, 180

Microlensing Planet Finder, 205 n.14

Microsoft World Wide Telescope, 105

MIDEX missions (see Explorer program)

Mid-Scale Innovations Program

BigBOSS, 227, 261-262

cosmic microwave background initiatives, 227, 262-263

cost/funding, 6, 7, 23, 151-153, 205, 226-227, 238, 261-263

exoplanet initiatives, 227, 263

FASR, 34, 175, 181, 182, 202, 227, 251, 262

HAWC experiment, 227, 241, 263

HERA, 94, 96, 189, 192, 227, 247, 251, 262

instrumentation, 151, 153, 225, 263

NANOGrav, 227, 262

recommendation, 6, 23, 225-227, 234

science objectives, 3, 6, 227

Telescope System Instrument Program, 153

training grants, 151, 153, 225

University Radio Observatory program, 153

Milagro telescope, 97

Milky Way, 6, 11, 16, 18, 40, 44, 47, 50, 52, 53, 54, 57, 59, 62, 63, 66, 76, 164, 198, 201, 202, 228, 205, 206, 223

Minority University Research and Education Program, 127

Missions of Opportunity, 8, 18, 150, 208, 209, 210, 217

MMT Observatory, 89

MREFC (see Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction)

MRI (see Major Research Instrumentation Program)

Mount Wilson Observatory, 180

Murchison Widefield Array, 50, 153

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

N

NANOGrav (see North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves)

National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA)

Astrophysics Division, 80, 98, 100, 133, 141, 167, 175, 187, 237-238

ATP, 5, 21, 133, 140, 141, 142, 168, 219, 222, 238

balloon program, 99-100, 167

budget/costs/funding, 5, 8, 14, 19, 20, 22, 98, 109, 133-135, 140, 141, 167, 168, 175, 187, 212-213, 214, 218, 222, 237, 238, 251, 253, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259

core research program, 21-22, 131, 133

grant programs, 32, 132-133, 135, 140, 155-156, 157, 162, 201, 207, 217, 220-221

Heliophysics Division, 80, 182 n.16

interagency collaborations, 5, 8, 16-17, 97, 99-100, 101, 135, 147, 159, 165, 174, 185, 205, 206-207, 220-221, 257, 258, 259

international collaborations, 5, 8, 18-19, 93, 94, 97, 155, 166, 212-213, 214-215, 218, 237-238, 240, 257, 258

JDEM, 17, 97, 159, 174, 206-207, 257, 258, 259

laboratory astrophysics, 5, 32, 162, 220-221

Minority University Research and Education Program, 127

Planetary Exploration program, 140

public outreach and education, 105, 108, 109, 112

public-private partnerships, 88, 89, 90, 167, 169

recommendations for, 15, 19, 29, 31, 32, 34, 102, 116, 142, 147, 162, 174-175, 201, 218, 237-238

Science Mission Directorate, 168

Spitzer Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, 105

Suborbital Program, 5, 150-151, 167, 194, 221-222

technology development, 5, 20, 21-22, 112, 149, 154-157, 174, 214-217, 218, 219-220, 237-238

theory and computation networks, 5, 22, 31, 141-142, 201, 222, 237

training and career development, 114, 116, 127, 133-134, 149, 157

National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, 93, 96, 169

National Center for Atmospheric Research, 99

National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 33, 87-88, 89, 90, 92, 95, 132, 170, 171, 176, 177, 178-179, 225

National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 73, 78, 85, 92, 93, 96, 122, 132, 169-170, 179, 180, 181

National Science Foundation (NSF)

AAG program, 5, 25-26, 133, 140, 142, 152, 162, 239

ARRA funding, 171

Astronomical Sciences (AST) Division, 24, 25, 32, 33-34, 60, 80, 93, 98, 99, 100-101, 109, 133, 134, 140, 141, 152, 153, 157-158, 161, 162, 165, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172-173, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 187, 188, 226, 227, 233, 238-240, 266

ATI program, 5, 25, 92, 146, 151, 152, 157-158, 171, 176, 226, 236, 239

Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences Division, 80, 93, 99, 168-169, 180, 181-182

balloon program, 99

budget/costs/funding, 5, 6, 7, 14, 22-23, 32, 92, 93, 96, 98, 134, 152, 161, 169-170, 176, 179-180, 181-182, 187-188, 238-240, 253, 262-263

Committee of Visitors, 101, 153

Community Instrumentation Programs, 152

core research program, 4, 21, 131, 235-237

data handling and curation, 31, 146, 147

Directorate for Education and Human Resources, 109

Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 98, 100, 101, 134, 152, 153, 226, 227

Frontier Centers, 140, 141

Geosciences Directorate, 99

grant programs, 5, 25-26, 29, 98, 99, 109, 133, 134-135, 140-141, 142, 151-153, 173, 201, 236, 239

instrumentation programs, 5, 26, 29, 33, 90, 92, 140-141, 149, 151-153, 170-171, 172-173, 176, 177, 178, 194, 225, 226, 231, 236, 239, 251

interagency collaborations, 5, 22-23, 25, 81, 89, 99-100, 147, 165, 188, 223, 225

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

international collaborations, 5, 6, 7, 25, 26, 33, 88, 89, 92, 93, 95, 165, 169, 170, 176-179, 232, 233, 236

laboratory astrophysics, 5, 32, 159, 161, 162

Materials Research Division, 153

Mathematical and Physical Sciences Advisory Committee, 100

McMurdo station, 99-100

MREFC programs, 6, 22, 23, 24, 99, 153, 158, 171, 172, 188, 205, 225, 227, 231, 232, 239-240, 256, 263

Office of CyberInfrastructure, 80, 141, 147

Office of Polar Programs, 80, 93, 98, 99, 169-170

Physics (PHY) programs, 25, 80, 98, 99, 100, 140, 141, 153, 159, 161, 165, 168, 188, 233

public outreach and education, 109, 112

public-private partnerships, 33, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 169-170, 176, 180, 232, 234

recommendations for, 6, 7, 15, 25, 31, 32, 33-34, 102, 116, 142, 147, 162, 173, 179, 182, 238-240

Science and Technology Centers, 152

senior reviews of facility support, 32, 87-88, 101, 153, 170, 173, 176, 177

solar astronomy, 34, 99, 168, 169, 171-172, 173, 175, 180-182

technology development, 5, 20, 100, 149, 152, 157-158, 175, 226, 236, 238-239, 251

TSIP, 5, 26, 29, 33, 90, 92, 140-141, 153, 171, 176, 177, 178, 194, 231, 236, 239, 251

training and career development, 109, 128, 141, 149, 151-152

National Solar Observatory, 34, 99, 172, 180, 181

National Virtual Observatory, 142, 145-146

Near-Earth objects, 3, 6, 18, 223

Near-Infrared Sky Surveyor, 205 n.14

Neutrinos, 35, 66, 68, 72-74, 80, 99, 137, 204, 246, 247

Neutron stars, 8, 11-12, 35, 39, 43, 45, 46, 60, 61, 66, 72, 75, 76, 79, 98, 199, 203, 204, 213, 222, 262

(see also Pulsars)

New Worlds Technology Development Program, 3, 7, 20, 215-217, 237

recommendation, 7, 215-217

NICMOS (Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer), 41

NOAO (see National Optical Astronomy Observatory)

North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves, 227, 262

NRAO (see National Radio Astronomy Observatory)

NSO (see National Solar Observatory)

NuSTAR (Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array), 167, 210

NVSS (NRAO VLA Sky Survey), 145

O

Office of Management and Budget, 15, 29, 102, 116

Office of Naval Research, 180

Office of Science and Technology Policy, 15, 29, 100, 101, 102, 116

Open access to privately owned telescopes, 4, 26, 33, 88, 90, 92, 152, 153, 176, 177, 178, 194, 231, 239, 251

Optical and infrared (OIR) astronomy

(see also Large Synoptic Survey Telescope; Gemini Observatory; Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope)

dark energy, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 16, 17, 22, 170, 177, 197, 200, 205-206, 207, 208, 223

dark matter, 6, 22, 158, 223, 240

data archiving, 145, 148

NOAO, 33, 87-88, 89, 90, 92, 95, 132, 170, 171, 176, 177, 178-179, 225

NSF, 33, 87-88, 89, 90, 92, 95, 100, 168, 169, 170, 173, 175, 176-179, 181, 185

telescope instrument development, 5, 23, 26, 33, 90, 92, 153, 171, 176, 177, 178, 194, 231, 236, 239, 251

Optical Society of America, 120

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 86

Owens Valley Solar Array, 181

P

Palomar Observatory, 89

Paranal Observatory, 88

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

Particle astrophysics, 5, 7, 13, 27, 66, 72, 97, 98, 99, 111, 135, 136, 140, 150, 163-165, 185, 188, 200, 232-233

Particle Astrophysics Scientific Assessment Group, 99, 164, 188

Pathfinder mission, 18-19, 155, 213

Planck telescope, 20, 81, 99, 165, 166, 198, 217

Plasma physics, 22, 48, 65, 75, 99, 115, 159, 160, 161, 181, 198, 220

PLATO (Planetary Transits and Oscillations of Stars), 207

(see also European Space Agency)

Program Prioritization Panels

charge to, 249

scientific scope, 250

summary of findings, 251

Public-private partnerships

DOE, 22, 164, 174

ground-based OIR astronomy, 87-92

ground-based RMS astronomy, 92-93

NASA, 88, 89, 90, 167, 169

NSF, 33, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 169-170, 176, 180, 232, 234

Pulsars, 12, 43, 61, 76, 145, 199, 203, 227, 232, 251, 262

Q

Quasars, 11, 49-50, 79, 190, 203, 261

QUIET, 153

R

Radio, millimeter, and submillimeter (RMS) astronomy

(see also Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array)

ARISE, 16 n.2

black holes, 52-53, 262

EVLA, 50, 53, 82, 85, 93, 96, 169, 172, 179, 251

future system, 2, 179-180

galactic mergers, 42

Green Bank Telescope, 78, 85, 93, 96, 169, 179, 180 n.12, 251

instrumentation, 5

international collaborations, 28, 33-34, 82, 83, 94, 95-96, 143, 153, 175, 179, 180, 227

pulsars, 12, 43, 61, 76, 145, 199, 203, 227, 232, 251, 262

reionization epoch, 49

SKA, 28, 33-34, 82, 83, 94, 95-96, 143, 153, 175, 179, 180, 227

SMA, 54, 93, 160

Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect, 52, 262

technology development, 79-80

Renewing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Research, 88, 171, 176, 177, 178

Research Experiences for Undergraduates program, 128

ReSTAR (see Renewing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Research)

Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager, 18

RXTE (Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer), 166

S

SALT (South African Large Telescope), 89

SAMURAI (Science of AGNs and Masers with Unprecedented Resolution in Astronomical Imaging), 16 n.2

San Fernando Observatory, 180

Science Frontiers Panels

charge to, 245

scientific scope, 246

summary of findings, 247

SDO (see Solar Dynamics Observatory)

SETI Institute, 93

SIM (see Space Interferometry Mission)

SKA (see Square Kilometer Array)

Sloan Digital Sky Survey, 22, 47, 73, 99, 106 n.2, 143, 145, 147, 153

Sloan Lens ACS Survey, 73

SMA (Submillimeter Array), 54, 93, 160

SMEX missions, see Explorer program

Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 131 n.1, 231 n.23

Smithsonian Institution, 80, 89, 93, 131

SOAR (Southern Astrophysical Research) Telescope, 89, 169

SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy), 76, 167

SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory), 181

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

Solar astronomy and astrophysics

ATST, 34, 64, 147, 171, 172, 181, 182, 188, 202, 203, 231, 240, 263

climate research, 28-29, 34, 114-115

FASR, 34, 175, 181, 182, 202, 227, 251, 262

ground-based, xvi, 34

laboratory astrophysics, 160-161

magnetic fields, 64, 137, 160-161, 171-172, 181

NSO, 34, 99, 172, 180, 181

observatory system, 180-182

SDO, 64, 65, 137, 146-147, 181

simulations, 171-172

UV, 64, 65, 146-147, 181

Solar Dynamics Observatory, 64, 65, 137, 146-147, 181

South Pole Telescope, 69, 93, 99, 169

Space Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics, 5, 21, 22, 155, 218, 237, 238

recommendation, 5, 218

Space Interferometry Mission (SIM and SIMLite), 16 n.2, 174, 195 n.2

SPICA (see Space Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics)

Spitzer Space Telescope, 12, 41, 54, 62, 63, 66, 80, 81, 132-133, 140, 165, 166, 194, 200, 216 n.17, 218

Square Kilometer Array, 28, 33-34, 82, 83, 94, 95-96, 143, 153, 175, 179, 180, 227

Standard model of particle physics, 73-74

Stars

(see also Solar astronomy; Stellar)

binary, 43 n.3, 45, 60, 64-65, 199, 209, 232

earliest, 11, 48, 49, 51

chemical composition, 51, 59, 60, 61

compact binaries, 8

coolant deaths, 51

coolest, 18

cosmic order, 59-61, 64-65

dust-enshrouded, 54-55, 56, 67

exploding (see Supernovae)

life cycle, 59-61, 64-66

magnetic field, 64

mass, 60-61

molecular analysis, 160

origin and evolution, 5, 11, 21, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53-56, 59-60, 137, 141 n.7, 160

pulsars, 12, 43, 61, 76, 145, 199, 203, 227, 232, 251, 262

radial velocity surveys, 12, 20, 38, 40, 192, 193, 195 n.10, 196, 227, 263

rotation, 64

seismology, 64

simulations, 64

structure, 3, 59-66

theoretical research, 137, 141 n.7

white dwarf, 3, 44, 46, 60, 61, 64-65, 139

STEREO (Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory), 181

Suborbital programs, 4, 5, 20, 22, 150-151, 157, 167, 174, 175, 208, 209, 216, 217, 222, 262

recommended augmentation, 5, 221-222

Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect, 52, 262

Supernovae

and black holes, 11, 13, 60, 66

and cosmic evolution, 45, 57, 61, 67, 70, 203

dark energy measurements, 16, 70, 223

discoveries by amateurs, 103, 104

distance measurements, 16, 70

gamma-ray astronomy, 44, 67, 206

gravitational lensing, 197

gravitational wave detection, 39, 66, 76, 136, 197

heavy element ejection, 58, 60-61, 63

images, 61-62, 63, 67, 139

and neutron stars, 61, 66, 72, 203

process and galactic effects, 58, 60-61, 63

simulations, 66, 136-139, 141 n.7

theoretical challenges, 137, 139

Type Ia (white dwarf), 44, 57, 60-61, 64-66, 139, 203, 247

Type II variety, 44, 60, 203

wide-field sky surveys, 66

Suzaku, 133, 165, 166, 210

Swift mission, 17, 18, 37, 80, 133, 149-150, 166, 169, 210

T

Technology development (see Inflation Probe Technology Development program)

Technology development, intermediate, recommended augmentation, 5, 220

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

Telescope System Instrument Program, 5, 26, 33, 85, 90, 92, 153, 171, 176, 177, 178, 194, 231, 236, 239, 251

recommended augmentation, 5, 236

Theoretical research

ATP, 5, 21, 133, 140, 141, 142, 219, 222, 238

black holes, 13, 35, 39, 46, 53, 74-75, 198, 199, 200, 240

challenges for next decade, 137-139

computational astrophysics, 5, 136, 140-142

dark energy, 200

dark matter, 3, 46, 71-72, 137, 138

DOE, 26, 31, 140, 141, 142, 162, 240

frontiers of knowledge, 68-78

funding, 31, 140, 141

general relativity, 8, 12, 18, 37, 70, 74-76, 195-196, 197, 198, 199

inflation, 69-70

particle physics, 72-74, 135-136

planet formation, 139

simulations and, 136, 137

standard cosmological model, 135, 196-197

Theory and Computation Networks, 5, 22, 26, 30-31, 142, 222, 237, 240

recommended augmentation, 5, 222

THINGS survey, 73

Thirty Meter Telescope, 6, 23, 24, 94, 229-231

Time-domain astronomy, 2, 35, 36, 43-45, 52, 203, 225, 247, 262

Time-variable phenomena, 2, 6, 22, 143, 223

TMT (see Thirty Meter Telescope)

TRACE (Transition Region and Coronal Explorer), 181

Training and career development

America COMPETES Act and, 113-114

core research program, 148-149

DOE, 165

family friendly policies, 122, 128-129

instrumentation, 116, 125, 126, 148-149, 150-151, 153, 225

mentoring, 125, 126, 127, 128, 142

minorities, 30, 125-128

NASA, 114, 116, 127, 133-134, 149, 157

NSF, 109, 128, 141, 149, 151-152

women, 30, 127, 128-129

TSIP (see Telescope System Instrument Program)

U

UHURU observatory, 80

Ultralong-duration balloon program, 222, 251

Ultraviolet astronomy, 5, 21, 49, 52, 63, 65, 80, 117, 118, 119, 150, 155, 156, 161, 166, 181, 190, 195, 203, 219, 220, 238

recommendation, 5, 219-220

UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), 108

Universe

universe age and content mapping, 37, 47-48, 135, 208

acceleration (see Cosmic acceleration) chemistry, 76-78

dark matter content, 13, 48, 49; 71, 72, 73, 138, 190, 197

epoch of inflation, 3, 13, 20-21, 37, 48, 49, 69, 197-198, 200, 217, 263

epoch of recombination, 48

epoch of reionization, 10-11, 36, 49, 50, 92, 189, 190, 192, 198, 201, 227, 246, 247, 262

hot, 2

inflation hypothesis, 69-70

most distant object detected, 18

origin, 1, 13, 47-48

priority objectives, 2

V

VERITAS (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System), 59, 81, 97, 159, 164, 169, 232, 233

VLA (Very Large Array), 54, 73, 143, 181

VLBA (Very Long Baseline Array), 85, 93, 96, 169, 180

VLBI Space Observatory Programme, 16 n.2

VLT (Very Large Telescope), 82-83, 84, 88, 90

W

Water, 12, 20, 39, 43, 68, 110, 191, 215

WFIRST (see Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope)

White dwarf stars, 3, 44, 46, 60, 61, 64-65, 139

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
×

Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, 17, 18, 150, 166, 168, 169, 210

Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope

complementary technology, 17, 197, 208, 223

cosmic acceleration, 200, 206

cost/funding, 8, 17, 168, 207, 238, 240, 241, 251, 257

dark energy survey, 3, 8, 16, 17, 197, 200, 205-206, 207, 208

database potential, 201

Euclid and, 207

general investigator program, 207

gravitational microlensing, 192-193, 196

guest investigator program, 16, 17, 206, 207

launch date and mission timeline, 8, 17, 207, 208, 237

partnership opportunities, 17, 93-94, 207-208, 237

recommendation, 3, 8, 16, 205-208

science objectives, 3, 8, 16, 17, 158, 190-191, 192-193, 195-196, 197, 200, 205-206, 207, 208, 215-216, 223, 240

technical risks and challenges, 8, 17, 207

technology development/design, 17, 158, 206-207

Wilcox Solar Observatory, 180

Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, 17-18, 47, 69, 80, 99, 149, 168, 208, 210, 221

WISE (see Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer)

WIYN (Wisconsin, Indiana, Yale, and NOAO) Observatory, 89, 169

WMAP (see Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe)

Women in astronomy, 128-129

Workforce, 126, 149

(see also Astronomers; Training and career development)

X

XEUS (X-ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy), 97, 214

X-ray astronomy

(see also Chandra; International X-ray Observatory)

black holes, 13, 19, 49-50, 53, 59, 62, 63, 75, 192, 198, 200

dark matter, 71-72, 73, 203

galaxies, 42, 62, 74, 191, 213-214

gravitational waves, 41

hot gases, 2, 3

transition-edge sensors, 214

stars, 64

suborbital, 150

supernovae, 61, 66

technology development, 112-113, 156

X-ray Multi-mirror Mission-Newton

Observatory, 20, 59, 81, 133, 165, 166, 215

Suggested Citation:"Index." National Research Council. 2010. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12951.
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New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics Get This Book
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Driven by discoveries, and enabled by leaps in technology and imagination, our understanding of the universe has changed dramatically during the course of the last few decades. The fields of astronomy and astrophysics are making new connections to physics, chemistry, biology, and computer science. Based on a broad and comprehensive survey of scientific opportunities, infrastructure, and organization in a national and international context, New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics outlines a plan for ground- and space- based astronomy and astrophysics for the decade of the 2010's.

Realizing these scientific opportunities is contingent upon maintaining and strengthening the foundations of the research enterprise including technological development, theory, computation and data handling, laboratory experiments, and human resources. New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics proposes enhancing innovative but moderate-cost programs in space and on the ground that will enable the community to respond rapidly and flexibly to new scientific discoveries. The book recommends beginning construction on survey telescopes in space and on the ground to investigate the nature of dark energy, as well as the next generation of large ground-based giant optical telescopes and a new class of space-based gravitational observatory to observe the merging of distant black holes and precisely test theories of gravity.

New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics recommends a balanced and executable program that will support research surrounding the most profound questions about the cosmos. The discoveries ahead will facilitate the search for habitable planets, shed light on dark energy and dark matter, and aid our understanding of the history of the universe and how the earliest stars and galaxies formed. The book is a useful resource for agencies supporting the field of astronomy and astrophysics, the Congressional committees with jurisdiction over those agencies, the scientific community, and the public.

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