Questions? Call 800-624-6242 About | Ordering | New Menu | Items in cart [0] SEARCH

PAPERBACK price:$39.95 add to cart HARDBACK price:$54.95 add to cart Rights & Permissions Free PDF Access Sign in to download PDF book and chapters Free Resources PDF SUMMARY PDF Report Brief Display this book on your site! Related Titles Report of the Panel on Implementing Recommendations from the New Worlds, New Horizons Decadal Survey Panel Reports--New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics Other Related Titles New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics (2010) Board on Physics and Astronomy (BPA) Space Studies Board (SSB) Citation Manager Export the bibliographic data for this book in your chosen format Web Search Builder Use this book's key terms to search within this book, across our collection, or across the Web. Skim This Chapter Skim this chapter and use this chapter's key terms to search within this book. Reference Finder Paste in your own text to find books that relate to your topic. Citation Manager . "Index." New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2010. Please select a format: Page 275   E-mail Share on facebook Facebook Share on delicious Delicious Share on stumbleupon Stumble Share on twitter Twitter More Sharing ServicesMore The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. Index 2 Micron All Sky Survey, 143, 145, 146 n.10 A AAG (see Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants Program) Access to Large Telescopes for Astronomical Instruction and Research Committee, 88, 176, 177 ACTA (see Atmospheric Ęerenkov Telescope Array) Adaptive optics, 5, 23, 25, 38, 88, 111, 145, 151, 158, 165, 170, 171, 172, 177, 194, 196, 201, 202, 227, 228, 230, 231, 236, 263 Advanced Gamma-ray Imaging System, 24-25, 97, 233, 251 Advanced LIGO, 18, 39, 66, 75, 76, 98, 99 Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation program, 5, 25, 92, 146, 151, 152, 157-158, 171, 176, 226, 236, 239 recommended augmentation, 5, 236 Advanced Technology Solar Telescope, 34, 64, 147, 171, 172, 181, 182, 188, 202, 203, 231, 240, 263 AGIS (see Advanced Gamma-ray Imaging System) Air Force Office of Scientific Research, 180 Allen Telescope Array, 92, 93, 96, 169, 251 ALMA (see Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) ALTAIR (see Access to Large Telescopes for Astronomical Instruction and Research) American Astronomical Society (AAS), 30, 104, 112, 116-117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 125, 126, 128, 129 n.22, 186 American Physical Society, 30, 116, 120, 125 Antarctica, 81, 99-100, 217 Apache Point Observatory, 89, 165 ARCADE (Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission), 222 Arecibo, 85, 93, 169, 180, 262 ARISE (Advanced Radio Interferometry between Space and Earth), 16 Arizona Radio Observatory, 93 ASPERA (Astroparticle ERAnet), 86 ASTRONET study, 83, 86, 96 Astronomers and astrophysicists AAS membership, 117-118, 121 amateur, 103, 107 contributions of, 4 demography, 116-124 engagement in education, 111-112 Page 275 Front Matter (R1-R34) Executive Summary (1-8) 1 2020 Vision (9-34) 2 On the Threshold (35-78) 3 Partnership in Astronomy and Astrophysics: Collaboration, Cooperation, Coordination (79-102) 4 Astronomy in Society (103-130) 5 Sustaining the Core Research Program (131-162) 6 Preparing for Tomorrow (163-182) 7 Realizing the Opportunities (183-242) Appendixes (243-244) Appendix A: Summary of Science Frontiers Panels' Findings (245-248) Appendix B: Summary of Program Prioritization Panels' Recommendations (249-252) Appendix C: The Cost, Risk, and Technical Readiness Evaluation Process (253-260) Appendix D: Mid-Scale Project Descriptions (261-264) Appendix E: Statement of Task and Scope (265-268) Appendix F: Acronyms (269-274) Index (275-290)

Below are the first 10 and last 10 pages of uncorrected machine-read text (when available) of this chapter, followed by the top 30 algorithmically extracted key phrases from the chapter as a whole.
Intended to provide our own search engines and external engines with highly rich, chapter-representative searchable text on the opening pages of each chapter. Because it is UNCORRECTED material, please consider the following text as a useful but insufficient proxy for the authoritative book pages.

Do not use for reproduction, copying, pasting, or reading; exclusively for search engines.

OCR for page 275
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics Index 2 Micron All Sky Survey, 143, 145, 146 n.10 A AAG (see Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants Program) Access to Large Telescopes for Astronomical Instruction and Research Committee, 88, 176, 177 ACTA (see Atmospheric Ęerenkov Telescope Array) Adaptive optics, 5, 23, 25, 38, 88, 111, 145, 151, 158, 165, 170, 171, 172, 177, 194, 196, 201, 202, 227, 228, 230, 231, 236, 263 Advanced Gamma-ray Imaging System, 24-25, 97, 233, 251 Advanced LIGO, 18, 39, 66, 75, 76, 98, 99 Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation program, 5, 25, 92, 146, 151, 152, 157-158, 171, 176, 226, 236, 239 recommended augmentation, 5, 236 Advanced Technology Solar Telescope, 34, 64, 147, 171, 172, 181, 182, 188, 202, 203, 231, 240, 263 AGIS (see Advanced Gamma-ray Imaging System) Air Force Office of Scientific Research, 180 Allen Telescope Array, 92, 93, 96, 169, 251 ALMA (see Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) ALTAIR (see Access to Large Telescopes for Astronomical Instruction and Research) American Astronomical Society (AAS), 30, 104, 112, 116-117, 118, 120, 121, 122, 125, 126, 128, 129 n.22, 186 American Physical Society, 30, 116, 120, 125 Antarctica, 81, 99-100, 217 Apache Point Observatory, 89, 165 ARCADE (Absolute Radiometer for Cosmology, Astrophysics, and Diffuse Emission), 222 Arecibo, 85, 93, 169, 180, 262 ARISE (Advanced Radio Interferometry between Space and Earth), 16 Arizona Radio Observatory, 93 ASPERA (Astroparticle ERAnet), 86 ASTRONET study, 83, 86, 96 Astronomers and astrophysicists AAS membership, 117-118, 121 amateur, 103, 107 contributions of, 4 demography, 116-124 engagement in education, 111-112

OCR for page 276
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics minority representation, 30, 125-128 postdoctoral fellows, 122, 141, 152 public policy role, 28-29, 115-116 publication statistics, 82-83, 119-120 training and career development, 29-30, 103-104, 109, 114, 116, 124-125, 128, 133-134, 141, 149, 151-152, 157, 165 women, 30, 127, 128-129 Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee, 100, 101, 102, 135, 143, 153 Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium, 16 n.2, 26, 81, 87, 95, 96, 174, 175, 176, 185, 198, 214 Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants Program, 5, 25-26, 133, 140, 142, 152, 236, 239 recommended augmentation, 5, 236 Astronomy and Physics Research and Analysis grants program, 32, 133, 155-156, 157, 162, 217, 220-221 Astrophysics Theory Program, 5, 21, 133, 140, 141, 142, 219, 222, 238 recommended augmentation, 5, 219 ATA (see Allen Telescope Array) Atacama Cosmology Telescope, 153 Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array budget/funding, 93, 94, 179, 180, 188, 231, 240 capabilities and planned observations, 37, 50, 53, 76, 82, 181, 188, 189, 191, 192, 194, 196, 201, 202, 203, 204, 228, 234 complementary programs/instruments, 3, 4, 23, 25, 92, 132, 177, 189, 190, 201, 202, 204, 228, 234, 235 completion, 93, 169, 172, 188, 234 data archive, 143 extended configuration, 170 laboratory astrophysics and, 160, 161 location, 25, 235 next generation, 95 partnerships, 81, 82-83, 93, 169 return on investment, 229 scientific promise/productivity, 33, 234 upgrades/enhancements, 170, 180, 251 ATI (see Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation) Atmospheric Ęerenkov Telescope Array, 3-4, 7, 24-25, 59, 93-94, 97, 190, 198, 200, 201, 203, 204, 232-234, 239-240, 241, 251, 263 recommendation, 7, 232-234 ATP (see Astrophysics Theory Program) ATST (see Advanced Technology Solar Telescope) Auger, 81, 75, 164, 251 B Balloon programs, 22, 59, 99-100, 150, 156, 167, 175, 196-197, 217, 221, 222 Baryon Oscillations Spectroscopic Survey, 165 Big bang, 1, 10, 13, 48, 52, 57, 59, 69, 72, 74, 104, 110, 111, 137, 197-198 Big Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, 227, 261-262 Big Bear Solar Observatory, 180 BigBOSS (see Big Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey) Black holes accretion, 8, 59, 138, 190-191 cosmic order, 57-59, 203 discovery, 79 dormant, 63 energy emissions, 42, 43, 51, 53, 58, 59, 62, 75, 149-150, 192, 200 environmental impacts, 59 event horizon, 13, 59, 75, 200 formation and evolution, 11, 13, 18, 42, 52-53, 58, 191, 192, 205, 261-262 galactic nuclei, 1, 7, 11, 13, 42, 43, 52-53, 57-59, 62, 63, 74-75, 107, 117, 118, 137, 190-191, 192, 198, 209, 228 gamma-ray astronomy, 51, 59, 75, 149-150, 198 gravitational waves, 3, 13, 39, 42, 43, 45, 53, 74-75, 98, 136, 191, 199, 200, 262 images, 62, 63 infrared astronomy, 53, 62, 190-191, 192, 205 laser interferometry, 75, 209 mass and spin characterization, 75, 191, 199, 209 massive, 2, 39, 53, 190

OCR for page 277
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics mergers and collisions, 2, 8, 11, 13, 18, 39, 42, 43, 45, 53, 74-75, 98, 136, 191, 192, 199, 200, 209, 228, 240, 262 Milky Way, 62, 228 neutron star collapse, 66 optical imaging, 62, 138 origin/first, 2, 11, 48, 49-50, 52-53, 190 and public engagement in science, 104, 113 pulsars and, 262 quasars, 11, 49-50, 79, 190, 203, 261 radio astronomy, 52-53, 262 simulations, 136, 138 spectroscopic analysis, 53 supermassive, 35, 42, 43, 52-53, 57-58, 59, 62, 63, 75, 246 supernovae and, 11, 13, 60, 66 UV astronomy, 63 X-ray astronomy, 13, 19, 49-50, 53, 59, 62, 63, 75, 192, 198, 200 Blanco Telescope, 165, 169, 170 BLISS (Background-Limited Infrared-Submillimeter Spectrograph), 218 C CANGAROO (Collaboration of Australia and Nippon (Japan) for a Gamma Ray Observatory in the Outback), 97 CAREER awards, 109, 133 CARMA (see Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy) CATE (see Cost appraisal and technical evaluation) CCAT complementary technology, 4, 25, 196, 202, 234 cost appraisal and technical evaluation, 6, 25, 234, 238, 251 design/capabilities, 190, 234, 235 laboratory astrophysics demands, 160 location, 25, 235 operational time frame, 25 partnerships, 6, 94, 234 priority, 4, 234-235, 251 recommendation, 6, 25, 234-235 science objectives, 6, 25, 190, 192, 196, 201, 202, 203, 204 technical risk, 6, 25 Ęerenkov Telescope Array, 7, 24, 25, 97, 233 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory, 89, 165 Chandra X-ray Observatory Center, 20, 59, 61, 62, 63, 71-72, 80, 81, 132-133, 140, 166, 215 CIP (see Community Instrumentation Programs) Climate research, 28-29, 34, 114-115 CMB (see Cosmic microwave background) COBE (see Cosmic Background Explorer) Combined Array for Research in Millimeter-wave Astronomy, 54, 92, 93, 169, 251 Community Instrumentation Programs, 152 Compact objects (see also Black holes; Neutron stars) binary systems, 18 general relativity around, 74-76 Computer technology, high-performance, 111, 132, 136, 141-142 Constellation-X, 97, 214 Core research program augmentation, 4 data and software, 142-148 Explorer and suborbital programs, 149-151 individual investigator grants, 4, 25-26, 132-135, 140, 173, 201, 219, 222, 236 innovation, 151-153 laboratory astrophysics, 159-162 medium-scale activities, 148-154 recommended additions and augmentations, 219-222 technology development, 154-159 theory, 135-142 workforce development, 148-149 Cornell-Caltech Atacama Telescope (see CCAT) COROT (Convection, Rotation and Planetary Transits), 40 Cosmic acceleration, 13, 16, 47, 48, 49, 60, 68, 70-71, 137-138, 196, 197, 200, 205, 206, 223, 227, 247, 261-262 Cosmic Background Explorer, 17-18, 80, 149 Cosmic microwave background astrophysics, 99, 165, 173 COBE, 17-18, 80, 149 defined, 48 funding, 238, 241, 262-263 gravitational wave astronomy, 70-71, 197-198, 200, 217, 262-263

OCR for page 278
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics inflation studies, 2, 3, 7, 13, 20-21, 18, 37, 40, 69, 70-71, 197-198, 200, 217, 237, 262-263 neutrino mass measurement, 74, 204 polar programs, 99 polarization studies, 13, 69-70, 101, 155, 159, 197-198, 217, 263 radio astronomy, 52 standard cosmological model, 135, 196-197 suborbital programs, 5, 22, 222 technology development, 92, 156, 174, 198, 217, 238, 262-263 temperature fluctuations, 18, 40, 47, 69, 149 universe age and content mapping, 37, 47-48, 135, 208 Cosmic paleontology, 11, 43, 46, 52, 137, 201, 247 Cosmic rays, 61, 66, 67, 72, 75, 80, 98, 123, 159, 164, 173, 202, 203, 222 Cosmic Vision program, 83, 86, 97, 207, 212 Cosmological constant, 70, 71, 197 Cost appraisal and technical evaluation (see also individual projects), 6-8, 186-187, 195, 224, 250, 253-259 CSO (see Caltech Submillimeter Observatory) CTA (see Ęerenkov Telescope Array) CTIO (see Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory) D Dark energy, 35, 79, 98, 101, 173, 199, 246 Baryon Oscillations Spectroscopic Survey, 165 content of the universe, 49, 197 and cosmic acceleration, 13, 16, 47, 49, 70, 196, 197, 200 cosmological constant and, 71, 197 Dark Energy Camera, 100, 158, 165 Dark Energy Survey, 81 Gemini studies, 5, 170, 177 JDEM, 17, 97, 159, 174, 188 n.7, 206-207, 257, 258, 259 LSST survey, 3, 6, 22, 174, 197, 200, 223 theoretical investigations, 200 WFIRST, 3, 8, 16, 17, 197, 200, 205-206, 207, 208 Dark matter composition of the universe, 13, 48, 49; 71, 72, 73, 138, 190, 197 DOE experiments, 165, 173, 188 n.7, 240 galactic halos, 51, 52, 58, 59, 62, 69, 72, 203 gamma-ray astronomy, 24, 72, 200, 204, 233 gravitational lensing, 52, 71, 73, 135 detection of particles, 7, 72, 135, 165, 200 nature of, 71-72, 204, 246, 247 neutrinos, 74 particle astrophysics, 13, 72, 98, 111, 136, 232-233 simulations, 138 spectroscopic studies, 228 suborbital programs, 222 theoretical challenges, 71-72, 137, 138 X-ray astronomy, 71-72, 73, 203 Data and software (see also Simulations) 2MASS archive, 143, 145 ALFA HI archive, 145 ALMA archive, 143 analysis and simulations, 45-46 core research programs, 142-148 curation, 31, 143-147 and discovery, 3, 45-46 DOE, 31, 141, 143, 146, 147 FIRST archive, 145 ground-based projects, 31 HST archive, 143, 144, 145 LSST potential, 22, 143, 201, 203, 206 NASA, 31, 143-144, 146, 147 NSF, 31, 146, 147 NVSS archive, 145 proposal opportunities, 133 recommendations, 31, 146, 147 reduction and analysis software, 148 SDSS archive, 143, 145 virtual observatories, 142, 145-146 WFIRST potential, 201 DataNet program (Sustainable Digital Data Preservation and Access Network Partners), 147 Decadal survey implementation advisory committee, 15, 19, 20, 102, 195, 198, 213, 214, 216-217, 237-238 Department of Defense, 131 Department of Energy (DOE) advisory groups, 98-99, 100, 101, 135, 143, 163, 188, 240

OCR for page 279
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics astrophysics research, 98, 99, 133, 163-165 budget/costs/funding, 5, 14, 26, 98, 133, 140, 164, 188, 225, 233, 240, 241, 253, 256 CMB research, 165, 174 dark energy/matter experiments, 81, 97, 98, 100, 158, 159, 164-165, 170, 173, 174, 188 n.7, 206-207, 240, 257, 258, 259 data handling and curation, 31, 141, 143, 146, 147 Fusion Energy Sciences program, 165 grant programs, 133, 162 HEPAP, 99, 100, 163, 188, 240 interagency collaborations, 22-23, 26, 81, 97, 100, 101, 147, 159, 165, 174, 185, 188, 206-207, 223, 225, 233, 257, 258, 259 international collaborations, 22, 97, 164, 165, 233 laboratory astrophysics, 31-32, 159, 161, 162, 162, 165, 220-221, 266 LSST, 23, 24, 158, 159, 174, 175, 223, 225, 240 Major Item of Equipment funds, 22, 225 national laboratories, 161, 162, 164 National Nuclear Security Administration, 31, 162, 165 nuclear weapons mission, 158 Office of High Energy Physics, 80, 98-99, 100, 140, 163, 164, 240 Office of Nuclear Physics, 80 Office of Science, 14, 31, 98, 102, 162 particle astrophysics projects, 98, 99, 140, 163-165, 185, 188 public-private partnerships, 22, 164, 174 recommendations for, 15, 29, 31, 102, 116, 142, 147, 162, 237 small-scale projects, 5, 26 technology development, 23, 24, 99, 100, 158-159, 174, 175, 223, 240, 251 theoretical and computational networks, 26, 31, 140, 141, 142, 162, 240 training and career development, 165 DSIAC (see Decadal survey implementation advisory committee) Dunn Solar Telescope, 169, 172, 181 Dust chemical reactions on grain surfaces, 159 n.25, 161 interference in planet detection, 216 molecular clouds enshrouded in, 56, 78 nebulae, 106 organic molecules on, 76 planet formation, 20, 53, 139 stellar disks, 38, 54, 194, 196 surveys, 4, 189, 203, 263 E EHT (Event Horizon Telescope), 251 Einstein’s theory of gravity (see General relativity) EJSM (Europa Jupiter System Mission), 97, 212 Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope, 16 n.2, 198 n.13 Epoch of inflation, 3, 13, 20-21, 37, 48, 49, 69, 197-198, 200, 217, 263 Epoch of recombination, 48 Epoch of reionization, 10-11, 36, 49, 50, 92, 189, 190, 192, 198, 201, 227, 246, 247, 262 ESA (see European Space Agency) ESM (Electromagnetic Spectrum Management), 152 Euclid, see European Space Agency Europa Jupiter System Mission, 97, 212 European Extremely Large Telescope, 83, 84, 94, 95-96, 229, 231 European Southern Observatory, 82, 83, 88, 94, 229, 231 European Space Agency (ESA) COROT, 40 Cosmic Vision program, 83, 86, 97, 207, 212 Euclid M-class proposal, 17, 97, 207 Herschel and Planck telescopes, 83 IXO partnership, 8, 19, 93-94, 97, 214, 215, 258 JDEM partnership, 174, 257, 258 LISA partnership, 8, 18-19, 93, 97, 212, 213, 214, 257, 258 SPICA mission, 21, 218 XEUS missions, 97, 214 European Union, 82-83, 84 EVLA (see Expanded Very Large Array) EXIST (see Energetic X-ray Imaging Survey Telescope)

OCR for page 280
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics Exoplanet astronomy discoveries, 12 dust debris disks, 38, 194 gravitational microlensing, 15, 192-193, 196 gravitational waves, 12, 192-193, 204 infrared surveys, 3, 8, 12, 16, 17, 41, 192-193, 194, 195-196, 205, 207, 208, 215-216, 228 radial velocity surveys, 12, 20, 38, 40, 192, 193, 195 n.10, 196, 227, 263 radio surveys, 12 UV survey, 5 New Worlds Technology Development Program, 3, 7, 20, 215-217, 237 Exoplanets (see also Exoplanet astronomy) atmospheric composition, 12, 41 discovery, 2, 10, 12, 36, 37-39, 40-41, 191 census of Earth-like planets, 191-192, 196, 217 Kepler mission, 12, 16, 37, 40, 81, 133, 166, 168, 192, 193, 195, 196, 205, 215, 259 molecular signatures, 12, 39, 41, 67-68, 77, 296 New Worlds Technology Development Program, 3, 7, 20, 215-217, 237 science objectives, 2, 36, 57, 189, 191-195, 196 stellar characteristics, 196, 202, 247 technology development, 20, 195 water, 12, 39 Expanded Very Large Array, 50, 53, 82, 85, 93, 96, 169, 172, 179, 251 Explorer program budget/costs/funding, 8, 17, 18 Galaxy Evolution Explorer, 18, 63, 150, 166, 168, 208, 219, 221 MIDEX missions, 8, 17-18, 37, 47, 69, 80, 99, 133, 149-150, 166, 168, 208, 210, 221 Missions of Opportunity, 8, 18, 150, 208, 209, 210, 217 recommendation, 8, 18, 208-209 Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager, 18 SMEX missions, 8, 18; see also GEMS Swift mission, 17, 18, 37, 80, 133, 149-150, 166, 168, 210 WISE, 17, 18, 150, 166, 168, 210 WMAP, 17-18, 47, 69, 80, 99, 149, 168, 208, 210, 221 F FASR (see Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope) Federal Funding of Astronomical Research (FFAR) report, 113, 119, 120 Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope, 43, 59, 72, 80, 81, 97, 99, 100, 132-133, 140, 159, 164-165, 166 FIRST (Faint Images of the Radio Sky at Twenty-one Centimeters), 145 Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope, 34, 175, 181, 182, 202, 227, 251, 262 FUSE (Far Ultraviolet Spectroscopic Explorer), 168, 219 G GAIA (Graphical Astronomy and Image Analysis), 44 Galaxies active, 117, 118, 246 baryon cycling, 57, 137, 205-206, 247 black holes/nuclei, 1, 7, 11, 13, 42, 43, 52-53, 57-59, 62, 63, 74-75, 107, 117, 118, 137, 190-191, 192, 198, 209, 228 chemistry, 57, 61, 76, 77, 204 clusters, 47, 52, 71, 73, 74, 117, 118, 120, 197, 198, 200, 213-214, 234, 246 dark energy and, 197 dark matter, 51, 52-53, 58, 59, 62, 69, 71, 72, 73, 137, 190, 203 distribution mapping, 47, 52, 69, 197, 200, 261 earliest, 5, 10, 11, 49, 50, 137, 177, 189, 192, 228 formation and evolution, 3, 5, 6, 8, 11, 16, 18, 21, 35, 39, 42, 45, 49, 51, 52, 58, 59, 72, 74-75, 137, 150, 189, 190-191, 192, 198, 201, 203, 204, 205, 206, 208, 218, 220, 227, 234, 246, 247, 261-262 gamma-ray surveys, 164 gas distributions and exchanges, 73, 190, 192, 203, 228, 246 gravitational lensing, 73, 197, 200, 205 gravitational waves, 11, 39, 75, 192 high-redshift, 76, 202 hot gases, 2, 3, 5, 52, 57, 58, 71-72, 213-214

OCR for page 281
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics life cycles, 58-59, 62-63 mass, 58, 190 mass-energy-chemical cycles, 57, 247 mergers, 11, 39, 42, 51, 57, 58, 191, 192, 209 millimeter and submillimeter imaging surveys, 25, 190, 192 neutron stars, 75 OIR surveys, 3, 8, 16, 18, 177, 190-191, 192, 197, 202, 203, 205, 206, 227, 228 origins, 10, 46-47, 48, 51-52, 200 properties, 58-59, 61, 71, 76, 203, 228, 246 protogalaxies, 50, 246 quasars, 11, 190 radio astronomy, 44 simulations and mathematical modeling, 45, 137, 141 n.7, 191 structure, 58, 137, 223, 246 supernovae and, 60, 61, 62, 63 UV surveys, 5, 62, 150, 190 X-ray astronomy, 42, 62, 74, 191, 213-214 youngest, 190, 192 Galaxy Evolution Explorer, 18, 63, 133, 150, 166, 168, 208, 219, 221 Galaxy Zoo, 105-106, 107 GALEX (see Galaxy Evolution Explorer) Gamma-ray astronomy and astrophysics ACTA, 3-4, 7, 24-25, 59, 93-94, 97, 190, 198, 200, 201, 203, 204, 232-234, 239-240, 241, 251, 263 AGIS, 24-25, 97, 233, 251 all-sky maps, 164, 227, 241, 263 black holes, 51, 59, 75, 149-150, 198 burst events, 18, 37, 44-45, 75, 141 n.7, 149, 200, 223 Ęerenkov Telescope Array, 7, 24, 25, 97, 233 dark matter, 24, 72, 200, 204, 233 FGST, 43, 59, 72, 80, 81, 97, 99, 100, 132-133, 140, 159, 164-165, 166 HAWC experiment, 227, 241, 263 suborbital programs, 150 supernova explosions, 66, 67 VERITAS, 59, 81, 97, 159, 164, 169, 232, 233 very high energy, 3-4, 24, 67, 198, 227, 232-234, 241, 249, 263 Gemini Observatory, 132 costs, 177, 178 dark energy surveys, 5, 170, 177 data archives, 145 exoplanet survey, 38 funding, 5, 26, 92, 171, 176, 177, 178, 239 instrumentation, 170, 171, 176, 177, 194 international collaboration, 26, 33, 81, 83, 89, 170, 178, 236 management, 26, 33, 88, 90, 170, 176, 177, 178, 179, 236 recommended augmentation, 5, 33, 179, 236, 239 GEMS (Gravity and Extreme Magnetism SMEX), 167, 168, 210 General relativity, 8, 12, 18, 35, 37, 39, 70, 74-76, 195-196, 197, 198, 199 Giant Magellan Telescope, 7, 23, 24, 94, 229-231 Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope complementary technology, 3, 23, 95, 190, 191, 200, 202, 203, 204, 228, 229 cost/funding, 6, 7, 24, 92, 153, 175, 176, 227, 229, 231-232, 239-240, 251 design/capabilities, 23, 201, 204, 228, 230 GMT, 7, 23, 24, 94, 229-231 management, 178 operational timescale, 231, 239 partnerships, 23-24, 94-95, 229, 231, 232 recommendation, 6, 23-24, 228-232 technical risk, 6, 229 technology development, 227, 231 TMT, 6, 23, 24, 94, 229-231 GMT (see Giant Magellan Telescope) GONG (Global Oscillation Network Group), 169 Grand Telescopio Canarias, 82 Gravitational lensing, 16, 52, 71, 73, 135, 197-198, 200, 223, 262 Gravitational microlensing, 12, 16, 103, 135, 192-193, 196, 205, 207, 208 Gravitational wave astronomy, 263 Advanced LIGO, 18, 39, 66, 75, 76, 98, 99 black hole mergers and, 3, 13, 39, 42, 43, 45, 53, 74-75, 98, 136, 191, 199, 200, 262 bursts of radiation, 191, 192, 200 CMB research, 70-71, 197-198, 200, 217, 262-263 detection, 13, 20, 39, 199, 227, 251 discovery potential of, 35, 36, 39, 42-43, 45, 74-75, 201, 247 exoplanet surveys, 192-193, 204 galaxy formation, 11, 39, 75, 192

OCR for page 282
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics ground-based observatories, 18, 39, 227, 251, 262 inflationary, 20-21, 69-70, 197-198, 200, 217, 262-263 neutron star mergers, 45, 75, 199 origin, 8, 11, 39, 43 physics, 98, 99, 249 pulsar timing, 227, 251, 262 radio astronomy, 41 relativity tests, 74, 199 simulations, 136 space-based observatories, 2, 53, 80 (see also Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) spectrum, 39 supernovae, 39, 66, 76, 136, 197 X-ray astronomy, 41 Great Observatories, 141, 144, 166 Green Bank Solar Radio Burst Spectrometer, 181 Green Bank Telescope, 78, 85, 93, 96, 169, 179, 180 n.12, 251 GSMT (see Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope) H HAWC (see High Altitude Water erenkov) HEASARC (High Energy Astrophysics Science Archive Research Center), 146 HEGRA (High Energy Gamma Ray Astronomy), 97 HEPAP (see High Energy Physics Advisory Panel) HERA (see Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array) Herschel telescope, 22, 81, 83, 161, 165, 166, 220 HESS (High Energy Stereoscopic System), 97, 232 HET (Hobby-Eberly Telescope), 89 High Altitude Observatory, 99, 180-181 High Altitude Water Ęerenkov experiment, 227, 241, 263 High Energy Physics Advisory Panel, 99, 100, 163, 188, 240 HST, see Hubble Space Telescope Hubble Space Telescope, 12, 21, 41, 51, 54, 56, 62, 63, 66, 71-72, 73, 80, 81, 104, 105, 113, 132-133, 140, 143, 144, 145, 165, 166, 167, 168, 190, 200, 219, 220, 227, 228, 263 Hydrogen Epoch of Reionization Array, 94, 96, 189, 192, 227, 247, 251, 262 I IceCube, 81, 99, 168-169 Inflation CMB studies, 2, 3, 7, 13, 20-21, 18, 37, 40, 69, 70-71, 197-198, 200, 217, 237, 262-263 epoch of, 3, 13, 20-21, 37, 49, 69, 197-198, 200, 217, 263 gravitational wave astronomy, 20-21, 69-70, 197-198, 200, 217, 262-263 Inflation Probe Technology Development program, 3, 7, 20-21, 217-218, 237 recommendation, 7, 217-218 Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, 105, 146 Infrared Telescope Facility, 89, 167, 169 Instrumentation (see also Technology development) adaptive optics, 5, 25, 171, 236 ATI program, 5, 25, 92, 146, 151, 152, 157-158, 171, 176, 226, 236, 239 Community Instrumentation Programs, 252 funding/costs, 88, 90, 95, 152, 153, 157, 171, 172, 173, 176, 177, 236, 239, 251 medium-scale, 15, 153, 176, 251 Mid-Scale Innovations Program augmentation, 151, 153, 176, 225-226, 263 MREFC, 6, 23, 24, 153 MRI, 6, 92, 151, 153, 157, 171, 176, 225, 227 open access to privately owned telescopes, 26, 33, 88, 90, 92, 152, 153, 176, 177, 178, 194, 231, 239, 251 recommendations, 4, 5, 34, 153, 156, 182, 236 ReSTAR, 88, 171, 176, 177, 178 solar telescope, 263

OCR for page 283
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics training, 116, 125, 126, 149, 150-151, 153, 225 TSIP, 26, 33, 90, 92, 152, 153, 171, 176, 177, 178, 194, 231, 236, 239, 251 workforce, 126, 149 INTEGRAL, 133, 166 Interagency collaborations DOE, 22-23, 26, 81, 97, 100, 101, 147, 159, 165, 174, 185, 188, 206-207, 223, 225, 233, 257, 258, 259 NASA, 5, 8, 16-17, 97, 99-100, 101, 135, 147, 159, 165, 174, 185, 205, 206-207, 220-221, 257, 258, 259 NSF, 5, 22-23, 25, 81, 89, 99-100, 147, 165, 188, 223, 225 International collaborations, 2, 4 DOE, 22, 97, 164, 165, 233 Gemini, 26, 33, 81, 83, 89, 170, 178, 236 NASA, 5, 8, 18-19, 93, 94, 97, 155, 166, 212-213, 214-215, 218, 237-238, 240, 257, 258 NSF, 5, 6, 7, 25, 26, 33, 88, 89, 92, 93, 95, 165, 169, 170, 176-179, 232, 233, 236 strategic planning, 28, 86-87 International Traffic in Arms Regulations, 84, 175 International Virtual Observatory, 142 International X-ray Observatory complementary technology, 20, 97, 215 cost/funding, 8, 19, 155, 214, 237, 238, 251, 257, 258, 259 design/configuration, 19, 213, 214 partnerships, 8, 19, 93-94, 97, 214 laboratory astrophysics demands, 22, 220 launch date and mission timeline, 19, 212, 214 recommendation, 8, 213-215 science objectives, 3, 8, 19, 20, 190-191, 192, 196, 198, 200, 202, 213-214, 215 technical risk, 3, 8, 214, 215 technology development, 19, 155, 214, 215, 237-238 International Year of Astronomy, 108 Interstellar medium, 5, 21, 53, 66, 76, 77, 111, 117, 118, 120, 137, 203, 218, 220, 246 IRAM telescopes, 82 IRAS (Infrared Astronomy Satellite), 80 Isaac Newton Telescope, 107 IXO (see International X-ray Observatory) J James Webb Space Telescope, 3, 5, 17, 22, 23, 38, 41, 50, 53, 59, 81, 161, 165-166, 167, 168, 177, 187, 189, 190, 191, 192, 194, 196, 201, 202, 203, 204, 219, 220, 228, 229, 259 Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), 5, 8, 16 n.2, 19, 21, 81, 83, 84, 95, 97, 165, 167, 210, 214, 215, 218, 238 JAXA (see Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) JDEM (see Joint Dark Energy Mission) Joint Dark Energy Mission, 97, 159, 174, 206-207, 257, 258, 259 Omega concept, 17 JWST (see James Webb Space Telescope) K Keck Observatory, 38, 89, 90, 167, 169, 200, 216, 229 Kepler mission, 12, 16, 37, 40, 81, 133, 166, 168, 192, 193, 195, 196, 205, 215, 259 Kitt Peak National Observatory, 87, 89, 170, 261 Kuiper belt, 6, 38, 43, 216 n.17 L La Silla Observatory, 88 Laboratory astrophysics ALMA, 160, 161 CCAT, 160 DOE, 31-32, 159, 161, 162, 162, 165, 220-221, 266 IXO, 22, 220 NASA, 5, 32, 162, 220-221 NSF, 5, 32, 159, 161, 162 recommended augmentation, 5, 32, 220-221 scope and needs, 159-161 Large Area Telescope, 164-165 Large Binocular Telescope, 89, 216 Large Hadron Collider, 72, 204 Large Synoptic Survey Telescope cost/funding, 6, 22-23, 92, 153, 176, 188 n.7, 223, 224-225, 227, 238, 239, 240, 251 dark energy survey, 3, 6, 22, 174, 197, 200, 223

OCR for page 284
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics database potential, 22, 143, 201, 203, 206 design/configuration, 22, 223-224 DOE and, 23, 24, 158, 159, 174, 175, 223, 225, 240 location, 22, 223 partnerships, 22, 84, 94, 223, 240 recommendation, 6, 223-225 science objectives, 3, 6, 22, 188 n.7, 191, 197, 200, 201, 223 technical risk, 6, 23, 224 technology development, 23, 24, 158, 159, 174, 175, 223 Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, 81, 99, 168-169, 199 Advanced LIGO, 18, 39, 66, 75, 76, 98, 99 Laser Interferometer Space Antenna cost/funding, 8, 19, 168, 212-213, 238, 257, 258, 259 design/configuration, 209, 212 ESA partnership, 8, 18-19, 93, 97, 212, 214 launch date and mission timeline, 97, 209, 212-213, 214 Pathfinder mission, 8, 18-19, 155, 213 recommendation, 8, 209, 212-213 science objectives, 3, 8, 18, 75, 191, 192, 199, 200, 201, 209 technical risk, 8, 18-19, 213 technology development, 155, 214, 237-238 LISA (see Laser Interferometer Space Antenna) LMT (Large Millimeter Telescope), 93 Long-duration balloon, 222 LSST (see Large Synoptic Survey Telescope) M Magellan Observatory, 89 Magellanic Clouds, 56, 202 MAGIC (Major Atmospheric Gamma-ray Imaging Ęerenkov Telescope), 97, 232 Magnetars, 76 Magnetic fields and magnetic activity, 57, 61, 63-64, 67, 75, 76, 137, 158 n.25, 160-161, 171-172, 181, 199, 203, 220, 247 Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction, 6, 22, 23, 24, 99, 153, 158, 171, 172, 188, 205, 225, 227, 231, 232, 239-240, 256, 263 Major Research Instrumentation Program, 6, 92, 151, 153, 157, 171, 176, 225, 227 MAST (Multimission Archive at STScI), 146 Mathematical and Physical Sciences Advisory Committee, 100 Mayall Telescope, 169, 170, 281 McMath-Pierce Solar Telescope, 169, 181 MeerKAT, 96 Meese Solar Observatory, 180 Microlensing Planet Finder, 205 n.14 Microsoft World Wide Telescope, 105 MIDEX missions (see Explorer program) Mid-Scale Innovations Program BigBOSS, 227, 261-262 cosmic microwave background initiatives, 227, 262-263 cost/funding, 6, 7, 23, 151-153, 205, 226-227, 238, 261-263 exoplanet initiatives, 227, 263 FASR, 34, 175, 181, 182, 202, 227, 251, 262 HAWC experiment, 227, 241, 263 HERA, 94, 96, 189, 192, 227, 247, 251, 262 instrumentation, 151, 153, 225, 263 NANOGrav, 227, 262 recommendation, 6, 23, 225-227, 234 science objectives, 3, 6, 227 Telescope System Instrument Program, 153 training grants, 151, 153, 225 University Radio Observatory program, 153 Milagro telescope, 97 Milky Way, 6, 11, 16, 18, 40, 44, 47, 50, 52, 53, 54, 57, 59, 62, 63, 66, 76, 164, 198, 201, 202, 228, 205, 206, 223 Minority University Research and Education Program, 127 Missions of Opportunity, 8, 18, 150, 208, 209, 210, 217 MMT Observatory, 89 MREFC (see Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction) MRI (see Major Research Instrumentation Program) Mount Wilson Observatory, 180 Murchison Widefield Array, 50, 153

OCR for page 285
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics N NANOGrav (see North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves) National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Astrophysics Division, 80, 98, 100, 133, 141, 167, 175, 187, 237-238 ATP, 5, 21, 133, 140, 141, 142, 168, 219, 222, 238 balloon program, 99-100, 167 budget/costs/funding, 5, 8, 14, 19, 20, 22, 98, 109, 133-135, 140, 141, 167, 168, 175, 187, 212-213, 214, 218, 222, 237, 238, 251, 253, 255, 256, 257, 258, 259 core research program, 21-22, 131, 133 grant programs, 32, 132-133, 135, 140, 155-156, 157, 162, 201, 207, 217, 220-221 Heliophysics Division, 80, 182 n.16 interagency collaborations, 5, 8, 16-17, 97, 99-100, 101, 135, 147, 159, 165, 174, 185, 205, 206-207, 220-221, 257, 258, 259 international collaborations, 5, 8, 18-19, 93, 94, 97, 155, 166, 212-213, 214-215, 218, 237-238, 240, 257, 258 JDEM, 17, 97, 159, 174, 206-207, 257, 258, 259 laboratory astrophysics, 5, 32, 162, 220-221 Minority University Research and Education Program, 127 Planetary Exploration program, 140 public outreach and education, 105, 108, 109, 112 public-private partnerships, 88, 89, 90, 167, 169 recommendations for, 15, 19, 29, 31, 32, 34, 102, 116, 142, 147, 162, 174-175, 201, 218, 237-238 Science Mission Directorate, 168 Spitzer Infrared Processing and Analysis Center, 105 Suborbital Program, 5, 150-151, 167, 194, 221-222 technology development, 5, 20, 21-22, 112, 149, 154-157, 174, 214-217, 218, 219-220, 237-238 theory and computation networks, 5, 22, 31, 141-142, 201, 222, 237 training and career development, 114, 116, 127, 133-134, 149, 157 National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center, 93, 96, 169 National Center for Atmospheric Research, 99 National Optical Astronomy Observatory, 33, 87-88, 89, 90, 92, 95, 132, 170, 171, 176, 177, 178-179, 225 National Radio Astronomy Observatory, 73, 78, 85, 92, 93, 96, 122, 132, 169-170, 179, 180, 181 National Science Foundation (NSF) AAG program, 5, 25-26, 133, 140, 142, 152, 162, 239 ARRA funding, 171 Astronomical Sciences (AST) Division, 24, 25, 32, 33-34, 60, 80, 93, 98, 99, 100-101, 109, 133, 134, 140, 141, 152, 153, 157-158, 161, 162, 165, 168, 169, 170, 171, 172-173, 176, 177, 178, 179, 180, 181, 187, 188, 226, 227, 233, 238-240, 266 ATI program, 5, 25, 92, 146, 151, 152, 157-158, 171, 176, 226, 236, 239 Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences Division, 80, 93, 99, 168-169, 180, 181-182 balloon program, 99 budget/costs/funding, 5, 6, 7, 14, 22-23, 32, 92, 93, 96, 98, 134, 152, 161, 169-170, 176, 179-180, 181-182, 187-188, 238-240, 253, 262-263 Committee of Visitors, 101, 153 Community Instrumentation Programs, 152 core research program, 4, 21, 131, 235-237 data handling and curation, 31, 146, 147 Directorate for Education and Human Resources, 109 Directorate for Mathematical and Physical Sciences, 98, 100, 101, 134, 152, 153, 226, 227 Frontier Centers, 140, 141 Geosciences Directorate, 99 grant programs, 5, 25-26, 29, 98, 99, 109, 133, 134-135, 140-141, 142, 151-153, 173, 201, 236, 239 instrumentation programs, 5, 26, 29, 33, 90, 92, 140-141, 149, 151-153, 170-171, 172-173, 176, 177, 178, 194, 225, 226, 231, 236, 239, 251 interagency collaborations, 5, 22-23, 25, 81, 89, 99-100, 147, 165, 188, 223, 225

OCR for page 286
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics international collaborations, 5, 6, 7, 25, 26, 33, 88, 89, 92, 93, 95, 165, 169, 170, 176-179, 232, 233, 236 laboratory astrophysics, 5, 32, 159, 161, 162 Materials Research Division, 153 Mathematical and Physical Sciences Advisory Committee, 100 McMurdo station, 99-100 MREFC programs, 6, 22, 23, 24, 99, 153, 158, 171, 172, 188, 205, 225, 227, 231, 232, 239-240, 256, 263 Office of CyberInfrastructure, 80, 141, 147 Office of Polar Programs, 80, 93, 98, 99, 169-170 Physics (PHY) programs, 25, 80, 98, 99, 100, 140, 141, 153, 159, 161, 165, 168, 188, 233 public outreach and education, 109, 112 public-private partnerships, 33, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 169-170, 176, 180, 232, 234 recommendations for, 6, 7, 15, 25, 31, 32, 33-34, 102, 116, 142, 147, 162, 173, 179, 182, 238-240 Science and Technology Centers, 152 senior reviews of facility support, 32, 87-88, 101, 153, 170, 173, 176, 177 solar astronomy, 34, 99, 168, 169, 171-172, 173, 175, 180-182 technology development, 5, 20, 100, 149, 152, 157-158, 175, 226, 236, 238-239, 251 TSIP, 5, 26, 29, 33, 90, 92, 140-141, 153, 171, 176, 177, 178, 194, 231, 236, 239, 251 training and career development, 109, 128, 141, 149, 151-152 National Solar Observatory, 34, 99, 172, 180, 181 National Virtual Observatory, 142, 145-146 Near-Earth objects, 3, 6, 18, 223 Near-Infrared Sky Surveyor, 205 n.14 Neutrinos, 35, 66, 68, 72-74, 80, 99, 137, 204, 246, 247 Neutron stars, 8, 11-12, 35, 39, 43, 45, 46, 60, 61, 66, 72, 75, 76, 79, 98, 199, 203, 204, 213, 222, 262 (see also Pulsars) New Worlds Technology Development Program, 3, 7, 20, 215-217, 237 recommendation, 7, 215-217 NICMOS (Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer), 41 NOAO (see National Optical Astronomy Observatory) North American Nanohertz Observatory for Gravitational Waves, 227, 262 NRAO (see National Radio Astronomy Observatory) NSO (see National Solar Observatory) NuSTAR (Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array), 167, 210 NVSS (NRAO VLA Sky Survey), 145 O Office of Management and Budget, 15, 29, 102, 116 Office of Naval Research, 180 Office of Science and Technology Policy, 15, 29, 100, 101, 102, 116 Open access to privately owned telescopes, 4, 26, 33, 88, 90, 92, 152, 153, 176, 177, 178, 194, 231, 239, 251 Optical and infrared (OIR) astronomy (see also Large Synoptic Survey Telescope; Gemini Observatory; Giant Segmented Mirror Telescope) dark energy, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 16, 17, 22, 170, 177, 197, 200, 205-206, 207, 208, 223 dark matter, 6, 22, 158, 223, 240 data archiving, 145, 148 NOAO, 33, 87-88, 89, 90, 92, 95, 132, 170, 171, 176, 177, 178-179, 225 NSF, 33, 87-88, 89, 90, 92, 95, 100, 168, 169, 170, 173, 175, 176-179, 181, 185 telescope instrument development, 5, 23, 26, 33, 90, 92, 153, 171, 176, 177, 178, 194, 231, 236, 239, 251 Optical Society of America, 120 Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 86 Owens Valley Solar Array, 181 P Palomar Observatory, 89 Paranal Observatory, 88

OCR for page 287
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics Particle astrophysics, 5, 7, 13, 27, 66, 72, 97, 98, 99, 111, 135, 136, 140, 150, 163-165, 185, 188, 200, 232-233 Particle Astrophysics Scientific Assessment Group, 99, 164, 188 Pathfinder mission, 18-19, 155, 213 Planck telescope, 20, 81, 99, 165, 166, 198, 217 Plasma physics, 22, 48, 65, 75, 99, 115, 159, 160, 161, 181, 198, 220 PLATO (Planetary Transits and Oscillations of Stars), 207 (see also European Space Agency) Program Prioritization Panels charge to, 249 scientific scope, 250 summary of findings, 251 Public-private partnerships DOE, 22, 164, 174 ground-based OIR astronomy, 87-92 ground-based RMS astronomy, 92-93 NASA, 88, 89, 90, 167, 169 NSF, 33, 88, 89, 90, 92, 93, 169-170, 176, 180, 232, 234 Pulsars, 12, 43, 61, 76, 145, 199, 203, 227, 232, 251, 262 Q Quasars, 11, 49-50, 79, 190, 203, 261 QUIET, 153 R Radio, millimeter, and submillimeter (RMS) astronomy (see also Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array) ARISE, 16 n.2 black holes, 52-53, 262 EVLA, 50, 53, 82, 85, 93, 96, 169, 172, 179, 251 future system, 2, 179-180 galactic mergers, 42 Green Bank Telescope, 78, 85, 93, 96, 169, 179, 180 n.12, 251 instrumentation, 5 international collaborations, 28, 33-34, 82, 83, 94, 95-96, 143, 153, 175, 179, 180, 227 pulsars, 12, 43, 61, 76, 145, 199, 203, 227, 232, 251, 262 reionization epoch, 49 SKA, 28, 33-34, 82, 83, 94, 95-96, 143, 153, 175, 179, 180, 227 SMA, 54, 93, 160 Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect, 52, 262 technology development, 79-80 Renewing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Research, 88, 171, 176, 177, 178 Research Experiences for Undergraduates program, 128 ReSTAR (see Renewing Small Telescopes for Astronomical Research) Reuven Ramaty High Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager, 18 RXTE (Rossi X-Ray Timing Explorer), 166 S SALT (South African Large Telescope), 89 SAMURAI (Science of AGNs and Masers with Unprecedented Resolution in Astronomical Imaging), 16 n.2 San Fernando Observatory, 180 Science Frontiers Panels charge to, 245 scientific scope, 246 summary of findings, 247 SDO (see Solar Dynamics Observatory) SETI Institute, 93 SIM (see Space Interferometry Mission) SKA (see Square Kilometer Array) Sloan Digital Sky Survey, 22, 47, 73, 99, 106 n.2, 143, 145, 147, 153 Sloan Lens ACS Survey, 73 SMA (Submillimeter Array), 54, 93, 160 SMEX missions, see Explorer program Smithsonian Astrophysical Observatory, 131 n.1, 231 n.23 Smithsonian Institution, 80, 89, 93, 131 SOAR (Southern Astrophysical Research) Telescope, 89, 169 SOFIA (Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy), 76, 167 SOHO (Solar and Heliospheric Observatory), 181

OCR for page 288
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics Solar astronomy and astrophysics ATST, 34, 64, 147, 171, 172, 181, 182, 188, 202, 203, 231, 240, 263 climate research, 28-29, 34, 114-115 FASR, 34, 175, 181, 182, 202, 227, 251, 262 ground-based, xvi, 34 laboratory astrophysics, 160-161 magnetic fields, 64, 137, 160-161, 171-172, 181 NSO, 34, 99, 172, 180, 181 observatory system, 180-182 SDO, 64, 65, 137, 146-147, 181 simulations, 171-172 UV, 64, 65, 146-147, 181 Solar Dynamics Observatory, 64, 65, 137, 146-147, 181 South Pole Telescope, 69, 93, 99, 169 Space Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics, 5, 21, 22, 155, 218, 237, 238 recommendation, 5, 218 Space Interferometry Mission (SIM and SIMLite), 16 n.2, 174, 195 n.2 SPICA (see Space Infrared telescope for Cosmology and Astrophysics) Spitzer Space Telescope, 12, 41, 54, 62, 63, 66, 80, 81, 132-133, 140, 165, 166, 194, 200, 216 n.17, 218 Square Kilometer Array, 28, 33-34, 82, 83, 94, 95-96, 143, 153, 175, 179, 180, 227 Standard model of particle physics, 73-74 Stars (see also Solar astronomy; Stellar) binary, 43 n.3, 45, 60, 64-65, 199, 209, 232 earliest, 11, 48, 49, 51 chemical composition, 51, 59, 60, 61 compact binaries, 8 coolant deaths, 51 coolest, 18 cosmic order, 59-61, 64-65 dust-enshrouded, 54-55, 56, 67 exploding (see Supernovae) life cycle, 59-61, 64-66 magnetic field, 64 mass, 60-61 molecular analysis, 160 origin and evolution, 5, 11, 21, 48, 49, 50, 52, 53-56, 59-60, 137, 141 n.7, 160 pulsars, 12, 43, 61, 76, 145, 199, 203, 227, 232, 251, 262 radial velocity surveys, 12, 20, 38, 40, 192, 193, 195 n.10, 196, 227, 263 rotation, 64 seismology, 64 simulations, 64 structure, 3, 59-66 theoretical research, 137, 141 n.7 white dwarf, 3, 44, 46, 60, 61, 64-65, 139 STEREO (Solar-Terrestrial Relations Observatory), 181 Suborbital programs, 4, 5, 20, 22, 150-151, 157, 167, 174, 175, 208, 209, 216, 217, 222, 262 recommended augmentation, 5, 221-222 Sunyaev-Zel’dovich effect, 52, 262 Supernovae and black holes, 11, 13, 60, 66 and cosmic evolution, 45, 57, 61, 67, 70, 203 dark energy measurements, 16, 70, 223 discoveries by amateurs, 103, 104 distance measurements, 16, 70 gamma-ray astronomy, 44, 67, 206 gravitational lensing, 197 gravitational wave detection, 39, 66, 76, 136, 197 heavy element ejection, 58, 60-61, 63 images, 61-62, 63, 67, 139 and neutron stars, 61, 66, 72, 203 process and galactic effects, 58, 60-61, 63 simulations, 66, 136-139, 141 n.7 theoretical challenges, 137, 139 Type Ia (white dwarf), 44, 57, 60-61, 64-66, 139, 203, 247 Type II variety, 44, 60, 203 wide-field sky surveys, 66 Suzaku, 133, 165, 166, 210 Swift mission, 17, 18, 37, 80, 133, 149-150, 166, 169, 210 T Technology development (see Inflation Probe Technology Development program) Technology development, intermediate, recommended augmentation, 5, 220

OCR for page 289
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics Telescope System Instrument Program, 5, 26, 33, 85, 90, 92, 153, 171, 176, 177, 178, 194, 231, 236, 239, 251 recommended augmentation, 5, 236 Theoretical research ATP, 5, 21, 133, 140, 141, 142, 219, 222, 238 black holes, 13, 35, 39, 46, 53, 74-75, 198, 199, 200, 240 challenges for next decade, 137-139 computational astrophysics, 5, 136, 140-142 dark energy, 200 dark matter, 3, 46, 71-72, 137, 138 DOE, 26, 31, 140, 141, 142, 162, 240 frontiers of knowledge, 68-78 funding, 31, 140, 141 general relativity, 8, 12, 18, 37, 70, 74-76, 195-196, 197, 198, 199 inflation, 69-70 particle physics, 72-74, 135-136 planet formation, 139 simulations and, 136, 137 standard cosmological model, 135, 196-197 Theory and Computation Networks, 5, 22, 26, 30-31, 142, 222, 237, 240 recommended augmentation, 5, 222 THINGS survey, 73 Thirty Meter Telescope, 6, 23, 24, 94, 229-231 Time-domain astronomy, 2, 35, 36, 43-45, 52, 203, 225, 247, 262 Time-variable phenomena, 2, 6, 22, 143, 223 TMT (see Thirty Meter Telescope) TRACE (Transition Region and Coronal Explorer), 181 Training and career development America COMPETES Act and, 113-114 core research program, 148-149 DOE, 165 family friendly policies, 122, 128-129 instrumentation, 116, 125, 126, 148-149, 150-151, 153, 225 mentoring, 125, 126, 127, 128, 142 minorities, 30, 125-128 NASA, 114, 116, 127, 133-134, 149, 157 NSF, 109, 128, 141, 149, 151-152 women, 30, 127, 128-129 TSIP (see Telescope System Instrument Program) U UHURU observatory, 80 Ultralong-duration balloon program, 222, 251 Ultraviolet astronomy, 5, 21, 49, 52, 63, 65, 80, 117, 118, 119, 150, 155, 156, 161, 166, 181, 190, 195, 203, 219, 220, 238 recommendation, 5, 219-220 UNESCO (United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization), 108 Universe universe age and content mapping, 37, 47-48, 135, 208 acceleration (see Cosmic acceleration) chemistry, 76-78 dark matter content, 13, 48, 49; 71, 72, 73, 138, 190, 197 epoch of inflation, 3, 13, 20-21, 37, 48, 49, 69, 197-198, 200, 217, 263 epoch of recombination, 48 epoch of reionization, 10-11, 36, 49, 50, 92, 189, 190, 192, 198, 201, 227, 246, 247, 262 hot, 2 inflation hypothesis, 69-70 most distant object detected, 18 origin, 1, 13, 47-48 priority objectives, 2 V VERITAS (Very Energetic Radiation Imaging Telescope Array System), 59, 81, 97, 159, 164, 169, 232, 233 VLA (Very Large Array), 54, 73, 143, 181 VLBA (Very Long Baseline Array), 85, 93, 96, 169, 180 VLBI Space Observatory Programme, 16 n.2 VLT (Very Large Telescope), 82-83, 84, 88, 90 W Water, 12, 20, 39, 43, 68, 110, 191, 215 WFIRST (see Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope) White dwarf stars, 3, 44, 46, 60, 61, 64-65, 139

OCR for page 290
New Worlds, New Horizons in Astronomy and Astrophysics Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer, 17, 18, 150, 166, 168, 169, 210 Wide-Field Infrared Survey Telescope complementary technology, 17, 197, 208, 223 cosmic acceleration, 200, 206 cost/funding, 8, 17, 168, 207, 238, 240, 241, 251, 257 dark energy survey, 3, 8, 16, 17, 197, 200, 205-206, 207, 208 database potential, 201 Euclid and, 207 general investigator program, 207 gravitational microlensing, 192-193, 196 guest investigator program, 16, 17, 206, 207 launch date and mission timeline, 8, 17, 207, 208, 237 partnership opportunities, 17, 93-94, 207-208, 237 recommendation, 3, 8, 16, 205-208 science objectives, 3, 8, 16, 17, 158, 190-191, 192-193, 195-196, 197, 200, 205-206, 207, 208, 215-216, 223, 240 technical risks and challenges, 8, 17, 207 technology development/design, 17, 158, 206-207 Wilcox Solar Observatory, 180 Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe, 17-18, 47, 69, 80, 99, 149, 168, 208, 210, 221 WISE (see Wide-Field Infrared Survey Explorer) WIYN (Wisconsin, Indiana, Yale, and NOAO) Observatory, 89, 169 WMAP (see Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe) Women in astronomy, 128-129 Workforce, 126, 149 (see also Astronomers; Training and career development) X XEUS (X-ray Evolving Universe Spectroscopy), 97, 214 X-ray astronomy (see also Chandra; International X-ray Observatory) black holes, 13, 19, 49-50, 53, 59, 62, 63, 75, 192, 198, 200 dark matter, 71-72, 73, 203 galaxies, 42, 62, 74, 191, 213-214 gravitational waves, 41 hot gases, 2, 3 transition-edge sensors, 214 stars, 64 suborbital, 150 supernovae, 61, 66 technology development, 112-113, 156 X-ray Multi-mirror Mission-Newton Observatory, 20, 59, 81, 133, 165, 166, 215