minority representation, 30, 125-128

postdoctoral fellows, 122, 141, 152

public policy role, 28-29, 115-116

publication statistics, 82-83, 119-120

training and career development, 29-30, 103-104, 109, 114, 116, 124-125, 128, 133-134, 141, 149, 151-152, 157, 165

women, 30, 127, 128-129

Astronomy and Astrophysics Advisory Committee, 100, 101, 102, 135, 143, 153

Astronomy and Astrophysics in the New Millennium, 16 n.2, 26, 81, 87, 95, 96, 174, 175, 176, 185, 198, 214

Astronomy and Astrophysics Research Grants Program, 5, 25-26, 133, 140, 142, 152, 236, 239

recommended augmentation, 5, 236

Astronomy and Physics Research and Analysis grants program, 32, 133, 155-156, 157, 162, 217, 220-221

Astrophysics Theory Program, 5, 21, 133, 140, 141, 142, 219, 222, 238

recommended augmentation, 5, 219

ATA (see Allen Telescope Array)

Atacama Cosmology Telescope, 153

Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array

budget/funding, 93, 94, 179, 180, 188, 231, 240

capabilities and planned observations, 37, 50, 53, 76, 82, 181, 188, 189, 191, 192, 194, 196, 201, 202, 203, 204, 228, 234

complementary programs/instruments, 3, 4, 23, 25, 92, 132, 177, 189, 190, 201, 202, 204, 228, 234, 235

completion, 93, 169, 172, 188, 234

data archive, 143

extended configuration, 170

laboratory astrophysics and, 160, 161

location, 25, 235

next generation, 95

partnerships, 81, 82-83, 93, 169

return on investment, 229

scientific promise/productivity, 33, 234

upgrades/enhancements, 170, 180, 251

ATI (see Advanced Technologies and Instrumentation)

Atmospheric Ęerenkov Telescope Array, 3-4, 7, 24-25, 59, 93-94, 97, 190, 198, 200, 201, 203, 204, 232-234, 239-240, 241, 251, 263

recommendation, 7, 232-234

ATP (see Astrophysics Theory Program)

ATST (see Advanced Technology Solar Telescope)

Auger, 81, 75, 164, 251

B

Balloon programs, 22, 59, 99-100, 150, 156, 167, 175, 196-197, 217, 221, 222

Baryon Oscillations Spectroscopic Survey, 165

Big bang, 1, 10, 13, 48, 52, 57, 59, 69, 72, 74, 104, 110, 111, 137, 197-198

Big Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey, 227, 261-262

Big Bear Solar Observatory, 180

BigBOSS (see Big Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey)

Black holes

accretion, 8, 59, 138, 190-191

cosmic order, 57-59, 203

discovery, 79

dormant, 63

energy emissions, 42, 43, 51, 53, 58, 59, 62, 75, 149-150, 192, 200

environmental impacts, 59

event horizon, 13, 59, 75, 200

formation and evolution, 11, 13, 18, 42, 52-53, 58, 191, 192, 205, 261-262

galactic nuclei, 1, 7, 11, 13, 42, 43, 52-53, 57-59, 62, 63, 74-75, 107, 117, 118, 137, 190-191, 192, 198, 209, 228

gamma-ray astronomy, 51, 59, 75, 149-150, 198

gravitational waves, 3, 13, 39, 42, 43, 45, 53, 74-75, 98, 136, 191, 199, 200, 262

images, 62, 63

infrared astronomy, 53, 62, 190-191, 192, 205

laser interferometry, 75, 209

mass and spin characterization, 75, 191, 199, 209

massive, 2, 39, 53, 190

Front Matter (R1-R34)

Executive Summary (1-8)

1 2020 Vision (9-34)

2 On the Threshold (35-78)

3 Partnership in Astronomy and Astrophysics: Collaboration, Cooperation, Coordination (79-102)

4 Astronomy in Society (103-130)

5 Sustaining the Core Research Program (131-162)

6 Preparing for Tomorrow (163-182)

7 Realizing the Opportunities (183-242)

Appendixes (243-244)

Appendix A: Summary of Science Frontiers Panels' Findings (245-248)

Appendix B: Summary of Program Prioritization Panels' Recommendations (249-252)

Appendix C: The Cost, Risk, and Technical Readiness Evaluation Process (253-260)

Appendix D: Mid-Scale Project Descriptions (261-264)

Appendix E: Statement of Task and Scope (265-268)

Appendix F: Acronyms (269-274)

Index (275-290)