of applications in various stages of development and routine use. As the extent, density, accuracy, and accessibility of the geodetic infrastructure continues to improve, the scientific applications will continue to grow, enabling new services to be developed and new challenges to be solved.

In addition to existing systems, some “Decadal Survey” missions—DesDynI, GRACE-II, and ICESat-II—also have the potential for great direct public benefit. They will each measure, in real time, an important component of the climate system. This not only will enable scientists to gather valuable data about climate, but also will provide the public with images that will enable them to visualize the dynamic Earth system and to understand the connection and interaction among the global water cycle, climate, and the solid Earth. The Decadal Survey missions also will benefit greatly from the global geodetic infrastructure. Indeed, these missions have the potential to become part of the infrastructure by providing unique geodetic information.