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Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All (2011)

Chapter: Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12959.
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A
Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary

ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS

AAP American Academy of Pediatrics

ADA American Dietetic Association

AI Adequate Intake

αT α-tocopherol

AMDR Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range

AoA Administration on Aging

ARS Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

BMI body mass index

BRFSS Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System

c cup

CACFP Child and Adult Care Food Program

CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

CFR Code of Federal Regulations

CI confidence interval

CNPP Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion, U.S. Department of Agriculture

CSFII Continuing Survey of Food Intakes by Individuals

DFE dietary folate equivalent

DGA Dietary Guidelines for Americans

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12959.
×

DRI Dietary Reference Intakes

EAR Estimated Average Requirement

EER Estimated Energy Requirement

EFNEP Expanded Food and Nutrition Education Program

eq equivalent

ERS Economic Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

FCS Food and Consumer Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

FDA Food and Drug Administration

FFVP Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Program

FITS Feeding Infants and Toddlers Study

fl fluid

FNDDS Food and Nutrient Database for Dietary Studies

FNS Food and Nutrition Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture

FY fiscal year

g gram

HHS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services

IOM Institute of Medicine, The National Academies

IU international unit

kcal kilocalorie/calorie

kg kilogram

mg milligram

MPED MyPyramid Equivalents Database

NCHS National Center for Health Statistics, CDC

NFSMI National Food Service Management Institute

NHANES National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey

NIH National Institutes of Health

NRC National Research Council, The National Academies

NSLP National School Lunch Program

OR odds ratio

oz ounce

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12959.
×

PAL physical activity level

P.L. Public Law

RA/RAE retinol activity/retinol activity equivalent

RDA Recommended Dietary Allowance

RNI Recommended Nutrient Intakes

SBP School Breakfast Program

SoFAS solid fats and added sugars

T tablespoon

TMI Target Median Intake

tsp teaspoon

µg microgram

UL Tolerable Upper Intake Level

USDA U.S. Department of Agriculture

WIC Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children

y years

GLOSSARY

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges The range of intakes of an energy source that is associated with a reduced risk of chronic disease yet that can provide adequate amounts of essential nutrients.

Adequate Intake A recommended average daily nutrient intake level based on observed or experimentally determined approximations or estimates of nutrient intake by a group or groups of apparently healthy people that are assumed to be adequate.

Composite Food Items 133 food item groupings, each of which represents several of many similar food items (for example, orange juice, which also includes lemon juice and lime juice). Based on research done by Marcoe et al. (2006)1 in the development of the MyPyramid food guidance system. Also called “food clusters.”

1

Marcoe, K. W. Juan, S. Yamini, A. Carlson, and P. Britten. 2006. Development of food group composites and nutrient profiles for the MyPyramid food guidance system. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 38(6 Suppl):S93–S107.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12959.
×

Dietary Reference Intakes A family of nutrient reference values established by the Institute of Medicine.

Enhanced Snack A single afternoon snack option for adults and children at least 5 years of age to be served in place of a smaller snack in both the morning and the afternoon. The enhanced snack would have the same requirements as two of the smaller snacks.

Estimated Average Requirement The usual daily intake level that is estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a life-stage and gender group.

Estimated Energy Requirement The average dietary energy intake that is predicted to maintain energy balance in a healthy adult of a defined age, weight, height, and activity level consistent with good health. In children and pregnant and lactating women, it includes the needs associated with deposition of tissues or the secretion of milk at rates consistent with good health.

Food Clusters See Composite Food Items.

Food Deserts Neighborhoods and communities that have limited access to affordable and nutritious foods.

Food Group One of five food groups that comprise reimbursable meals for children ages 1 year or older and adults planned to meet the meal requirements. The five food components are meat and meat alternate, grains and breads, fruits, vegetables, and fluid milk.

Food Specifications A phrase that indicates the types of infant foods and foods from the five food groups that will help achieve nutritional quality. In general, specifications help to limit foods that are high in solid fats, added sugars, and trans fat.

Meal Patterns A phrase used to refer to specified food groups and amounts to serve from each group for various age groups to achieve the meal requirements.

Meal Requirements A set of standards that encompasses two distinct elements: meal patterns and food specifications to be used for menu planning.

Menu Item Any single food or combination of foods, except condiments, served in a meal. All menu items or foods offered as part of the reimbursable meal will be counted toward meeting the Meal Requirements.

National School Lunch Program The program under which participating schools operate a nonprofit lunch program, in accordance with 7 C.F.R. Part 210.

Nutrient Density (of foods) The amount of a specific nutrient in a food per 100 calories of that food.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12959.
×

Nutrient Targets New recommended goals for the amounts of nutrients and other dietary components to be provided by CACFP meals. Nutrient Targets provide the scientific basis for developing Meal Patterns.

Reimbursable Meal A meal that (1) meets the standards set by the U.S. Department of Agriculture and (2) is served to an eligible participant. Such meals qualify for reimbursement with federal funds.

Representative Menus Menus from foods used by CACFP family day care providers that were selected using the CACFP component serving data for use in comparing nutrients and costs under the current Meal Requirements with those under the recommended Meal Requirements.

School Breakfast Program The program under which participating schools operate a nonprofit breakfast program in accordance with 7 C.F.R. Part 220.

Sponsoring Organization Organizations that enter into agreements with their administering state agencies to assume administrative and financial responsibility for CACFP operations.

State Agency Agencies within the states that administer the CACFP. In most states the state educational agency administers CACFP but in a few states it is administered by an alternate agency, such as the state health or social services department. The child care component and the adult day care component of CACFP may be administered by different agencies within a state, at the discretion of the governor.

Target Median Intake Statistically derived target for the median intake of a nutrient to be used to plan diets for groups.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level The highest daily nutrient intake level that is likely to pose no risk of adverse health effects to almost all individuals in the general population.

Usual Nutrient Intake Distribution A distribution of reported nutrient intakes based on 24-hour recalls, that has been statistically adjusted to better estimate a usual intake distribution; for this report, references to nutrient intake include intakes of energy (calories).

Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12959.
×

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12959.
×
Page 191
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12959.
×
Page 192
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12959.
×
Page 193
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12959.
×
Page 194
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12959.
×
Page 195
Suggested Citation:"Appendix A: Acronyms, Abbreviations, and Glossary." Institute of Medicine. 2011. Child and Adult Care Food Program: Aligning Dietary Guidance for All. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/12959.
×
Page 196
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The Child and Adult Care Food Program (CACFP) is a federally-funded program designed to provide healthy meals and snacks to children and adults while receiving day care at participating family day care homes, traditional child care centers, afterschool facilities, adult care facilities, and emergency shelters. CACFP has the broadest scope of any of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) food program, serving more than 3 million children and 114,000 adults across the nation. To receive reimbursement for the foods served, participating programs must abide by requirements set by the USDA.

Child and Adult Care Food Program assesses the nutritional needs of the CACFP population based on Dietary Guidelines for Americans and the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) and makes recommendations for revisions to the CACFP meal requirements. The book outlines meal requirements that include food specifications that could be used for specific meals and across a full day, covering all age groups from infants to older adults and meal patterns designed for use in a variety of settings, including in-home care and in large centers. By implementing these meal requirements, consumption of fruits, vegetables, and whole-grain rich foods will increase while consumption of solid fats, added sugars, and sodium will decrease. Not only will this address the high prevalence of childhood obesity, it will also help to achieve consistency with the standards and regulations of other USDA nutrition assistance programs, particularly the Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC), and the National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs.

Child and Adult Care Food Program makes practical recommendations that would bring CACFP meals and snacks into alignment with current dietary guidance. The book will serve as a vital resource for federal and state public health officials, care providers working in child and adult day care facilities, WIC agencies, officials working with the National School Lunch and School Breakfast programs, and other organizations serving at-risk populations.

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