3-5

Percentage of Students with Core Course Work During High School by Race/Ethnicity, 1999 and 2009,

85

3-6

Access to AP by Race/Ethnicity—U.S. Public Schools: High School Class of 2009,

86

3-7

Percentage of High School Students Taking Pre-Calculus by Race/Ethnicity: 1999 and 2009,

87

4-1

Fall Undergraduate Enrollment in Postsecondary Institutions, by Race/Ethnicity, 1976-2004,

92

5-1

Source of Financial Aid Received by Undergraduates: 2007-2008,

107

5-2

Full-Time S&E Graduate Students by Field and Mechanism of Support: 2006,

115

5-3

U.S. Citizen and Permanent Resident Doctorate Recipients with Levels of Graduate School Debt Greater Than $30,000, by Broad Field of Study and Race/Ethnicity, 2008,

121

5-4

Graduate Coursework, Degrees Pursued, and Degrees Completed, LSAMP Participants Compared to National Underrepresented Minorities and National White and Asian American Graduates,

123

1-1

Grand Challenges for Engineering,

18

1-2

Science, The Endless Frontier,

19

1-3

Lost at the Frontier: U.S. Science and Technology Policy Adrift,

20

1-4

The Context for Innovation and Competitiveness Policy,

21

3-1

Education Goals 2000,

55

3-2

Knowledge Is Power (KIPP) Program,

67

3-3

For Inspiration and Recognition of Science and Technology (FIRST) Program,

68

3-4

Advancement Via Individual Determination (AVID) Program,

69

3-5

Indigenous Education Institute,

70

3-6

The El Paso Collaborative for Academic Excellence,

71

4-1

No Longer Separate, Not Yet Equal,

96

4-2

Aiming High,

96

4-3

Why African American Students Should Major in Biomedical Research,

101