Views of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences and
National Academy of Engineering on Agenda Items at Issue
at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2012
Committee on the Views of the NAS and NAE on Agenda Items at Issue
at the World Radiocommunication Conference 2012
Committee on Radio Frequencies
Board on Physics and Astronomy
Division on Engineering and Physical Sciences
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, D.C.
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS 500 Fifth Street, NW Washington, DC 20001
NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 0724073 and by the National Aeronautics and Space Administration under Award No. NNH05CC15C, TO#103. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-309-16105-3
International Standard Book Number-10: 0-309-16105-3
Additional copies of this report are available from the National Academies Press, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Keck 360, Washington, DC 20001; (800) 624-6242 or (202) 334-3313; http://www.nap.edu; and from the Board on Physics and Astronomy, National Research Council, 500 Fifth Street, NW, Washington, DC 20001, Internet: http://www.national-academies.org/bpa.
Copyright 2013 by the National Academy of Sciences. All rights reserved.
Printed in the United States of America
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers of the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences. The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. C. D. Mote, Jr., are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
COMMITTEE ON THE VIEWS OF THE NAS AND NAE ON AGENDA ITEMS AT ISSUE AT THE WORLD RADIOCOMMUNICATION CONFERENCE 2012
JEFFREY R. PIEPMEIER, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Chair
MICHAEL DAVIS, Cornell University
STEVEN W. ELLINGSON, Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University
KENNETH KELLERMANN, National Radio Astronomy Observatory
DAVID G. LONG, Brigham Young University
DARREN McKAGUE, University of Michigan
JAMES M. MORAN, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics
MELINDA PIKET-MAY, University of Colorado at Boulder
ALAN E.E. ROGERS, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Haystack Observatory
STEVEN C. REISING, Colorado State University
A. RICHARD THOMPSON, National Radio Astronomy Observatory
LIESE VAN ZEE, Indiana University
LUCY ZIURYS, University of Arizona
Staff
DONALD C. SHAPERO, Director, Board on Physics and Astronomy
DAVID B. LANG, Program Officer
CARYN J. KNUTSEN, Program Associate
TERI THOROWGOOD, Administrative Coordinator
BOARD ON PHYSICS AND ASTRONOMY
MARC A. KASTNER, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chair
ADAM S. BURROWS, Princeton University, Vice-Chair
PHILIP H. BUCKSBAUM, Stanford University
PATRICK L. COLESTOCK, Los Alamos National Laboratory
JAMES DRAKE, University of Maryland
JAMES EISENSTEIN, California Institute of Technology
ANDREA M. GHEZ, University of California at Los Angeles
PETER F. GREEN, University of Michigan
LAURA H. GREENE, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
MARTHA P. HAYNES, Cornell University
JOSEPH HEZIR, EOP Group, Inc.
MARK B. KETCHEN, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center
JOSEPH LYKKEN, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory
PIERRE MEYSTRE, University of Arizona
HOMER A. NEAL, University of Michigan
MONICA OLVERA DE LA CRUZ, Northwestern University
JOSE N. ONUCHIC, University of California at San Diego
LISA J. RANDALL, Harvard University
CHARLES V. SHANK, Janelia Farm, Howard Hughes Medical Institute
MICHAEL S. TURNER, University of Chicago
MICHAEL C.F. WIESCHER, University of Notre Dame
Staff
DONALD C. SHAPERO, Director
JAMES LANCASTER, Associate Director
ROBERT L. RIEMER, Senior Program Officer
DAVID B. LANG, Program Officer
TERI THOROWGOOD, Administrative Coordinator
CARYN J. KNUTSEN, Associate Program Officer
BETH DOLAN, Financial Associate
Acknowledgment of Reviewers
This report has been reviewed in draft form by individuals chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise, in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council’s (NRC’s) Report Review Committee. The purpose of this independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards for objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following individuals for their review of this report:
John Dickel, University of New Mexico,
Paul Feldman, Fletcher, Heald and Hildreth,
William Howard, Universities Space Research Association (retired),
Thomas Meissner, Remote Sensing Systems,
John Osepchuk, Full Spectrum Consulting,
David Woody, California Institute of Technology / Owens Valley Radio Observatory, and
Charles Wende, Consultant.
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of this report was overseen by Frank Drake, NAS, SETI Institute. Appointed by the NRC, he was responsible for making certain that an independent examination of this report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of this report rests entirely with the authoring committee and the institution.
Contents
2 VIEWS OF THE U.S. NAS AND NAE ON WRC-12 AGENDA ITEMS
Agenda Item 1.3: Safe Operation of Unmanned Aircraft
Agenda Item 1.4: Unwanted Emissions into 4990-5000 MHz
Agenda Item 1.11: 23 GHz Space Research Service Uplink
Agenda Item 1.14: 30-300 MHz Radar
Agenda Item 1.15: 3-50 MHz, Oceanographic Radar
Agenda Item 1.18: Second Harmonic Emissions into 4800-5000 MHz
Agenda Item 1.19: Software-defined Radio and Cognitive Radio Systems
Agenda Item 1.20: HAPS Links in 5850-7075 MHz
Agenda Item 1.21: 15.4-15.7 GHz Radar
Agenda Item 1.25: Additional Mobile-satellite Service in the Bands 4-16 GHz
Agenda Item 8.1.1C: Societal Benefit
