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DRI Dietary Reference Intakes Calcium Vitamin D
Adults, 19 through 30 years
bone health, 218 , 242 , 270 , 382 –383 , 384
calcium, 7 , 39 , 54 , 269 , 349 , 355 , 421 –424 , 464 , 465 , 466 , 467 , 1104 , 1108 , 1114
DRI development, 24 , 355 –356 , 387 –389 , 393 –394 , 421 –422 , 423 –424 , 443 –445
EARs, 7 , 9 , 349 , 355 , 387 –388 , 389 , 393 , 394 , 464 , 469 , 1104 –1105
elements, 1108 –1109 , 1114 –1115
macronutrients, 1110 –1111
RDAs, 7 , 9 , 349 , 355 , 387 –388 , 389 , 393 , 394 , 464 , 469 , 1106 –1110
ULs, 7 , 9 , 421 , 423 , 443 , 445 , 464 , 469 , 1112 –1115
vitamin D, 9 , 95 , 387 –389 , 393 –394 , 443 –445 , 469 , 470 –473 , 475 , 1106 , 1112
vitamins, 1106 –1107 , 1112 –1113
water, total, 1110
Adults, 31 through 50 years
bone health, 218 –219 , 242 , 382 –383 , 384
calcium, 7 , 39 , 54 –55 , 349 , 355 –356 , 421 –424 , 464 , 465 , 466 , 467 , 1104 , 1108 , 1114
DRI development, 24 –25 , 355 –356 , 387 –389 , 393 –394 , 421 –424 , 443 –445
EARs, 7 , 9 , 349 , 355 , 387 –388 , 389 , 464 , 469 , 1104 –1105
elements, 1108 –1109 , 1114 –1115
macronutrients, 1110 –1111
RDAs, 7 , 9 , 349 , 355 , 387 –388 , 389 , 464 , 469 , 1106 –1110
ULs, 7 , 9 , 421 , 423 , 443 , 445 , 464 , 469 , 1112 –1115
vitamin D, 9 , 95 –96 , 387 –389 , 393 –394 , 443 –445 , 469 , 470 –473 , 475 , 1106 , 1112
vitamins, 1106 –1107 , 1112 –1113
water, total, 1110
Adults, 51 through 70 years
bone health, 219 , 226 –234 , 235 , 382 –383 , 384
calcium, 7 , 349 , 356 –359 , 421 –423 , 463 –464 , 465 , 466 , 467 , 480 –481 , 1104 , 1108 , 1114
dementia, 183
DRI development, 24 –25 , 355 –356 , 389 , 421 –423 , 443 –445
EARs, 7 , 9 , 167 , 349 , 356 , 357 , 359 , 387 –388 , 389 , 392 , 393 , 394 , 464 , 469 , 1104 –1105
elements, 1108 –1109 , 1114 –1115
macronutrients, 1110 –1111
RDAs, 7 , 9 , 349 , 356 , 357 , 359 , 387 –388 , 389 , 393 , 394 , 464 , 469 , 1106 –1110
ULs, 7 , 9 , 421 , 423 , 443 , 445 , 464 , 469 , 1112 –1115
vitamin D, 9 , 389 , 392 –394 , 443 –445 , 469 , 470 –473 , 475 , 1106 , 1112
vitamins, 1106 –1107 , 1112 –1113
water, total, 1110
Adults, 70+ years.
See also Elderly population
bone health, 219 , 226 –234 , 235 , 360 , 382 –383 , 384 , 439
calcium, 7 , 349 , 356 , 359 –361 , 421 –423 , 464 –465 , 466 , 467 , 1104 , 1108 , 1114
cognitive function, 183 , 185 –186
DRI development, 359 –361 , 389 –392 , 443 –445
EARs, 7 , 9 , 349 , 356 , 360 –361 , 389 , 392 , 464 , 469 , 1104 –1105
elements, 1108 –1109 , 1114 –1115
macronutrients, 1110 –1111
RDAs, 7 , 9 , 349 , 356 , 361 , 389 –390 , 392 , 464 , 469 , 1106 –1110
ULs, 7 , 9 , 421 , 423 , 443 , 445 , 464 , 469 , 1112 –1115
vitamin D, 9 , 389 –392 , 439 , 443 –445 , 469 , 470 –473 , 475 , 1106 , 1112
vitamins, 1106 –1107 , 1112 –1113
water, total, 1110
Adverse effects
calcium, 22 , 42 , 404 , 405 –424 , 481 , 488 , 500 –501
chronic, vs. acute toxicity, 404
due to nutrient deficiency. See Calcium, deficiency;
Phosphorus, deficiency;
Vitamin D, deficiency
ethical issues, 404 , 425 , 488 , 518
indicators. See Indicators of adverse outcomes for excess intake
research needs, 517 –518
in risk assessment approach to DRI development, 27 , 403 , 515
use in determination of benchmark intake, 17 , 418
vitamin D, 6 , 10 , 404 , 405 , 424 –440 , 486 , 488
