. "4 Standards for Synthesizing the Body of Evidence." Finding What Works in Health Care: Standards for Systematic Reviews. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2011.
The following HTML text is provided to enhance online
readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML.
Please use the page image
as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy.
Finding What Works in Health Care: Standards for Systematic Reviews
Riley, R. D., and E. W. Steyerberg. 2010. Meta-analysis of a binary outcome using individual participant data and aggregate data. Research Synthesis Methods 1(1):2–19.
Rothstein, H. R., A. J. Sutton, and M. Borenstein, editors. 2005. Publication bias in metaanalysis: Prevention, assessment and adjustments. Chichester, U.K.: Wiley.
Salanti, G., V. Marinho, and J. Higgins. 2009. A case study of multiple-treatments meta-analysis demonstrates that covariates should be considered. Journal ofClinical Epidemiology 62(8):857–864.
Salanti, G., S. Dias, N. J. Welton, A. Ades, V. Golfinopoulos, M. Kyrgiou, D. Mauri, and J. P. A. Ioannidis. 2010. Evaluating novel agent effects in multiple-treatments meta-regression. Statistics in Medicine 29(23):2369–2383.
Salpeter, S., E. Greyber, G. Pasternak, and E. Salpeter. 2004. Risk of fatal and nonfatal lactic association with metformin use in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews 4:CD002967.
Schmid, C. 2001. Using bayesian inference to perform meta-analysis. Evaluation & theHealth Professions 24(2):165.
Schmid, C. H., P. C. Stark, J. A. Berlin, P. Landais, and J. Lau. 2004. Meta-regression detected associations between heterogeneous treatment effects and study-level, but not patient-level, factors. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 57(7):683–697.
Schriger, D. L., D. G. Altman, J. A. Vetter, T. Heafner, and D. Moher. 2010. Forest plots in reports of systematic reviews: A cross-sectional study reviewing current practice. International Journal of Epidemiology 39(2):421–429.
Schünemann, H., D. Best, G. Vist, and A. D. Oxman. 2003. Letters, numbers, symbols and words: How to communicate grades of evidence and recommendations. Canadian Medical Association Journal 169(7):677–680.
Schünemann, H., A. D. Oxman, G. Vist, J. Higgins, J. Deeks, P. Glasziou, and G. Guyatt. 2008. Chapter 12: Interpreting results and drawing conclusions. In Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews of interventions, edited by J. P. T. Higgins and S. Green. Chichester, UK: John Wiley & Sons.
Schünemann, H. J., J. Brożek, and A. D. Oxman. 2009. GRADE handbook for gradingquality of evidence and strength of recommendations. Version 3.2 [updated March 2009]. http://www.cc-ims.net/gradepro (accessed November 10, 2010).
Silagy, C.A., P. Middelton, and S. Hopewell. 2002. Publishing protocols of systematic reviews: Comparing what was done to what was planned. JAMA 287:2831–2834.
Simmonds, M., J. Higginsa, L. Stewartb, J. Tierneyb, M. Clarke, and S. Thompson. 2005. Meta-analysis of individual patient data from randomized trials: A review of methods used in practice. Clinical Trials 2(3):209.
Smith, G., M. Egger, and A. Phillips. 1997. Meta-analysis: Beyond the grand mean? BMJ 315(7122):1610.
Smith, T., D. Spiegelhalter, and A. Thomas. 1995. Bayesian approaches to random-effects meta-analysis: A comparative study. Statistics in Medicine 14(24):2685–2699.
Song, F., S. Parekh-Bhurke, L. Hooper, Y. Loke, J. Ryder, A.J. Sutton, C.B. Hing, and I. Harvey. 2009. Extent of publication bias in different categories of research cohorts: a meta-analysis of empirical studies. BMC Medical Research Methodology 9:79.