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G Acronyms AAS American Astronomical Society ACE Advanced Composition Explorer ACR Anomalous Cosmic Ray ACSWA American Commercial Space Weather Association AFOSR Air Force Office of Scientific Research AFRL Air Force Research Laboratory AFWA Air Force Weather Agency AGS Atmospheric and Geospace Sciences Division AGU American Geophysical Union AIA Atmospheric Imaging Assembly AIAA American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics AIM Aeronomy of the Ice in the Mesosphere AIMI Atmosphere-Ionosphere-Magnetosphere-Interactions AIP American Institute of Physics AMISR Advanced Modular Incoherent Scatter Radar AMPERE Active Magnetosphere and Planetary Electrodynamics Response Experiment AMPTE Active Magnetospheric Particle Tracer Explorers AMS American Meteorological Society AO Announcement of Opportunity APL Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory APS American Physical Society ASEB Aeronautics and Space Engineering Board ASRG Advanced Stirling Radioisotope Generator AST Division of Astronomical Sciences ATST Advanced Technology Solar Telescope AU Astronomical Unit AURA Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy AWFA Air Force Weather Agency AXAF Advanced X-ray Astrophysics Facility BARREL Balloon Array for RBSP Relativistic Electron Losses BASC Board on Atmospheric Sciences and Climate BBSO Big Bear Solar Observatory BPA Board on Physics and Astronomy CADRE CubeSat Investigating Atmospheric Density Response to Extreme Driving CAREER Faculty Early Career Development CASSIOPE Cascade, Smallsat and Ionospheric Polar Explorer CATE Cost and Technical Evaluation CAWSES Climate And Weather of the Sun-Earth System CCE Charge Composition Explorer PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION G-1

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CCD Charge-Coupled Device CCMC Community Coordinated Modeling Center CCOR Compact Coronagraph CDC Concept Design Center CEDAR Coupling, Energetics, and Dynamics of Atmospheric Regions CHAMP Challenging Mini-Satellite Payload CINDI Coupled Ion Neutral Dynamic Investigation CINEMA CubeSat for Ions, Neutrals, Electrons, Magnetic Fields CIP Coordinated Investigation Program CIR Corotating Interaction Region CIRES Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences CISE Directorate for Computer & Information Science & Engineering CISM Center for Integrated Space Weather Modeling CME Coronal Mass Ejection CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor CNES Centre National d'Études Spatiales C/No Carrier-Signal-to-Noise Strength C/NOFS Communications/Navigation Outage Forecasting System COBE Cosmic Background Explorer CoBRA Complexity Based Risk Assessment COMSAT Communications Satellite Corporation COSMIC Constellation Observing System for Meteorology, Ionosphere, & Climate COSMO Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory COSPAR Committee on Space Research COTS Commercial Off-The-Shelf CPU Central Processing Unit CR Carrington Rotation CRaTER Cosmic Ray Telescope for the Effects of Radiation CRRES Combined Release and Radiation Effects Satellite CSSWE Colorado Student Space Weather Experiment CSUN California State University, Northridge DASI Distributed Array of Small Instruments DC Direct Current DE Dynamics Explorer DICE Dynamic Ionosphere Cubesat Experiment DLR German Aerospace Center DMSP Defense Meteorological Satellites Program DOC Department of Commerce DOD Department of Defense DOE Department of Energy DRIVE Diversify, Realize, Integrate, Venture, Educate DSCOVR Deep Space Climate Observatory DWSS Defense Weather Satellite System DYNAMIC Dynamical Neutral Atmosphere-Ionosphere Coupling Mission EASCO Earth-Affecting Solar Causes Observatory ECT Energetic Particle, Composition, and Thermal Plasma Suite EELV Evolved Expendable Launch Vehicle EIA Equatorial Ionization Anomaly EISCAT European Incoherent Scatter Scientific Association PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION G-2

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EIT EUV Imaging Telescope ELaNA Educational Launch of Nanosatellites EM Electromagnetic EMFISIS Electric and Magnetic Field Instrument Suite and Integrated Science ENA Energetic Neutral Atom ENASI Energetic Neutral Atom Spectroscopic Imager EOS Earth Observing System E-OVSA Expanded Owens Valley Solar Array EPI Energetic Particle Investigation EPO Education and Public Outreach e-POP Enhanced Polar Outflow Probe EPP Energetic Particle Precipitation ESA European Space Agency ESCAPE Energetics, Sources and Couplings of Atmosphere-Plasma Escape ETA Equatorial Temperature Anomaly ETWA Equatorial Temperature and Wind Anomaly EUV Extreme Ultraviolet EUVI Extreme Ultraviolet Imager EUVS EUV Sensor EUVSI UV/EUV Imaging Spectrometer EUVST EUV/FUV High-Throughput Spectrometer EVE Extreme Ultraviolet Variability Experiment EXP Heliophysics Explorers FAA Federal Aviation Administration FASR Frequency Agile Solar Radiotelescope FAST Fast Aurora Snapshot FDSS Faculty Development in Space Science FEMA Federal Emergency Management Agency FESD Frontiers in Earth System Dynamics FIREBIRD Focused Invest. of Relativistic Electron Burst Intensity, Range, and Dynamics FOXSI Focusing Optics X-ray Spectroscopic Imager FPGA Field-Programmable Gate Arrays FUV Far Ultraviolet FWHM Full-Width, Half-Maximum FY Fiscal Year GALEX Galaxy Evolution Explorer GCM General Circulation Model GCR Galactic Cosmic Ray GDC Geospace Dynamics Constellation GEM Geospace Environment Modeling GEO Geostationary Earth Orbit GI Guest Investigation GIC Geomagnetically- or Ground-Induced Currents GLAST Gamma-ray Large Area Space Telescope, now Fermi GMU George Mason University GNSS Global Navigation Satellite Systems GOCE Gravity Field and Steady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer GOES Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite GONG Global Oscillation Network Group PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION G-3

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GW Gravity Waves GPS Global Positioning System GRACE Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment\ GRIPS Gamma-Ray Imager/Polarimeter for Solar flares GRIS Gamma-Ray Imaging Spectrometer GSFC Goddard Space Flight Center GSRP Graduate Student Research Program GUVI Global Ultraviolet Imager HAARP High Frequency Active Auroral Research Program HASR High Altitude Sounding Rocket HAO High Altitude Observatory HEAO High Energy Astronomy Observatory HEIDI High Energy Imaging Device HENA High Energy Neutral Atom HEO High Earth Orbit (above GEO) HET High Energy Telescope HetFac Heterogeneous Facility HF High Frequency HI Heliospheric Imager HIREGS High Resolution Gamma-Ray and Hard X-Ray Spectrometer HITDP Heliophysics Instrument and Technology Development Program HMI Helioseismic and Magnetic Imager HPD Heliophysics Division HPDE Heliophysics Data Environment HSC Heliophysics Science Center HSO Heliophysics Systems Observatory HSS High Speed Solar Wind Streams HSW Halo Solar Wind HTP Heliophysics Theory Program HXR Hard X-Ray IAGA International Association of Geomagnetism and Aeronomy IBEX Interstellar Boundary Explorer ICE International Cometary Explorer ICME Interplanetary Coronal Mass Ejections ICSU International Council for Science IGS International GNSS Service IGY International Geophysical Year IHY International Heliophysical Year IKAROS Interplanetary Kite-craft Accelerated by Radiation Of the Sun IMAGE Imager for Magnetopause-to-Aurora Global Exploration IMAP Interstellar Mapping and Acceleration Probe IMF Interplanetary Magnetic Field IMP Interplanetary Monitoring Platform IMPACT In Situ Measurements of Particles and CME Transients INCA Imaging Neutral Atom Camera INMS Ion Neutral Mass Spectrograph IPCC Inter-Governmental Panel on Climate Change IPY International Polar Year IQUV Intensity and Linear Polarization and Circular Polarization PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION G-4

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IR Infrared IRB Institutional Review Board IRIS Interface Region Imaging Spectrograph ISCCP International Satellite Cloud Climatology Project ISEE International Sun-Earth Explorer ISI Institute for Scientific Information ISM Interstellar Medium ISMF Interstellar Magnetic Field ISOON Improved Solar Observing Optical Network ISP Interstellar Probe ISR Incoherent Scatter Radar ISS International Space Station ISSI International Space Science Institute ISTP International Solar-Terrestrial Program IT Ionosphere-Thermosphere ITAR International Traffic in Arms Regulations ITM Ionosphere-Thermosphere- Upper Atmospheric Electricity ITU-R International Telecommunication Union IVM Ion Velocity Meter JAXA Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency JHU Johns Hopkins University JPL Jet Propulsion Laboratory L1 Sun-Earth Lagrangian Point 1 L5 Sun-Earth Lagrangian Point 5 LANL Los Alamos National Laboratory LASCO Large-Angle Spectroscopic Coronagraph LASP Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics LBH Lyman-Birge-Hopfield LCAS Low-Cost Access to Space LCC Lifecycle Cost LECP Low-Energy Charged-Particle LEO Low Earth Orbit LET Low Energy Telescope LISM Local Interstellar Medium LPDA Log-Periodic Dipole Array LPV Localizer Performance with Vertical Guidance LT Local Time LWS Living With a Star MAC Magnetospheric-Atmosphere Coupling MagCat Magnetospheric Constellation and Tomography MagCon Magnetospheric Constellation Mission MEDICI Magnetosphere Energetics, Dynamics, and Ionospheric Coupling Mission MEMS Microelectromechanical System MEO Medium Earth Orbit MEPSI Micro Electro-Mechanical Systems-based PicoSat Inspector MESSENGER Mercury Surface, Space Environment, Geochemistry, and Ranging MHD Magnetohydrodynamic M-I Magnetosphere-Ionosphere PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION G-5

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MIT Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere MIDEX Mid-size Explorer MISTE Microgravity Scaling Theory Experiment MLSO Mauna Loa Solar Observatory MLT Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere MMS Magnetospheric Multiscale MNRAS Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society MODIS Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer MOO Mission of Opportunity MO&DA Mission Operations and Data Analysis MPE Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik MPS Mathematical and Physical Sciences MREFC Major Research Equipment and Facilities Construction Program MRF Medium-Scale Research Facility MSO Mees Solar Observatory MSTO Mars Science and Telecom Orbiter MSX Midcourse Space Experiment MTM Midnight Temperature Maximum MURI Multidisciplinary Research Program of the University Research Initiative MWA-LFD Mileura Wide-Field Array Low Frequency Demonstrator MWO Mt. Wilson Observatory NAS National Academy of Sciences NASA National Aeronautics and Space Administration NASALGC National Association of State Universities and Land-Grant Colleges NCAR National Center for Atmospheric Research NEAR Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous NEP Nuclear Electric Power NESDIS National Environmental Satellite and Information Service NESSF NASA’s Earth and Space Science Fellowship NGDC National Geophysical Data Center NIST National Institute of Standards and Technology NJIT New Jersey Institute of Technology NLC Noctilucent Cloud NOAA National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration NPOESS National Polar-orbiting Operational Environmental Satellite System NPR NASA Procedural Requirement NRA NASA Research Announcement NRAO National Radio Astronomy Observatory NRC National Research Council NRL U.S. Naval Research Laboratory NSF National Science Foundation NSO National Solar Observatory NSSDC National Space Science Data Center NST New Solar Telescope NSWP National Space Weather Program NuSTAR Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array NWM Neutral Wind Meter NWS National Weather Service OCT Office of Chief Technologist PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION G-6

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OEDG Opportunities for Enhancing Diversity in the Geosciences OGO Orbiting Geophysical Observatories OMB White House Office of Management and Budget ONEP Origins of Near-Earth Plasmas ONR Office of Naval Research ORBITALS Outer Radiation Belt Injection, Transport, Acceleration and Loss Satellite OSTP White House Office of Science and Technology Policy OVSA Owens Valley Solar Array PARS Polar Aeronomy and Radio Science PFISR Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar PI Principal Investigator PL Payload PLASTIC Plasma and Suprathermal Ion Composition PMC Polar Mesospheric Clouds PM/SE/MA Program Management, System Engineering, and Mission Assurance POES Polar Operational Environmental Satellite P-POD Poly Picosatellite Orbital Deployer PW Planetary Waves PUI Pickup Ion QBO Quasi-Biennial Oscillation RE Earth Radii RS Solar Radii R2O-O2R Research to Operations and Operations to Research R&A Research and Analysis RAX Radio Aurora Explorer RBSP Radiation Belt Storm Probe RBSPICE Radiation Belt Science of Protons and Ion Composition Experiment REP Radioisotope Electric Propulsion REPT Relativistic Electron-Proton Telescope RET Research Experiences for Teachers REU Research Experiences for Undergraduates RF Radio Frequency RFI Request for Information RHESSI Ramaty High-Energy Solar Spectroscopic Imager RISR Resolute Bay Incoherent Scatter Radar ROSES Research Opportunities in Space and Earth Sciences RPA Ion Retarding Potential Analyzer RPS Radioactive Power Source SABER Sounding of the Atmosphere using Broadband Emission Radiometry SALMON Stand Alone Missions of Opportunities Notice SAMPEX Solar Anomalous and Magnetospheric Particle Explorer SAPS Sub-Auroral Polarization Streams SC Spacecraft SCATHA Spacecraft Charging at High Altitude SCOSTEP Scientific Committee on Solar-Terrestrial Physics SDAC Solar Data Analysis Center SDO Solar Dynamics Observatory PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION G-7

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SEC Space Environment Center SECAS Sun-Earth Connections Advisory Subcommittee SECCHI Sun Earth Connection Coronal and Heliospheric Investigation SED Storm-Enhanced Plasma Density SEE Solar Eruptive Events SEP Solar Energetic Particle SET Space Environment Testbed SFO San Fernando Observatory SG Science Goal SH Sun and Heliosphere SHP Solar and Heliospheric Physics SHINE Solar, Heliosphere and Interplanetary Environment SKR Saturnian Kilometric Radio SM Servicing Mission SMD Science Mission Directorate SMEI Solar Mass Ejection Imager SMEX Small Explorer SNOE Student Nitric Oxide Explorer SNR Signal-to-Noise Ratio SO Solar Orbiter SOHO Solar and Heliospheric Observatory SOLIS Synoptic Optical Long-term Investigations of the Sun SoloHI Solar Orbiter Heliospheric Imager SOON Solar Observing Optical Network SORCE Solar Radiation and Climate Experiment SPA Space Physics & Aeronomy SPARC Stratospheric Processes and Their Role in Climate SPASE Space Physics Archive Search and Extract SPD Solar Physics Division SPDF Space Physics Data Facility SPI Solar Polar Imager SPP Solar Probe Plus SRAG Space Radiation Analysis Group SRI Stanford Research Institute, not affiliated with Stanford University SRP Solar Radiation Pressure SR&T Supporting Research and Technology SSB Space Studies Board SScAC Space Science Advisory Committee SSP Space and Solar Physics SSPIS Solar and Space Physics Information System SSUSI Special Sensor Ultraviolet Spectrographic Imager SSW Sudden Stratospheric Warming ST Suprathermal Tail STC Science and Technology Centers STE Suprathermal Electron STEM Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics STEREO Solar Terrestrial Relations Observatory STP Solar Terrestrial Probe SuperDARN Super Dual Auroral Radar Network SUVIT Solar UV-Visible-IR Telescope SW Solar Wind PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION G-8

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SWaC Space Weather and Climatology SWAP Space, Weight, and Power SWCE Space Weather Center of Excellence SWEAP Solar Wind Electrons Alphas and Protons SWICS Solar Wind Ion Composition Spectrometer SWL Space Weather Laboratory SWMI Solar Wind-Magnetosphere Interactions SWPC Space Weather Prediction Center SWOT Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats SXT Soft X-Ray Telescope TAD Traveling Atmospheric Disturbances TDRSS Tracking and Data Relay Satellite System TEC Total Electron Content TEX Tiny Explorers THEMIS Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Substorms TIDE Thermal Ion Dynamics Experiment TIE-GCM Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Electrodynamics General Circulation Model TIM Total Irradiance Monitor TIMED Thermosphere-Ionosphere-Mesosphere Energetic and Dynamics TLE Transient Luminous Event TR&T Targeted Research and Technology TRACE Transition Region and Coronal Explorer TRL Technical Readiness Level TS Termination Shock TSI Total Solar Irradiance TWINS Two Wide-Angle Imaging Neutral-Atom Spectrometers UARS Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite UCLA University of California, Los Angeles UHF Ultra-High Frequency UHURU Small Astronomical Satellite 1, Swahili for Freedom ULDB Ultra Long Duration Balloon UNEX University-class Explorer URL Uniform Resource Locator USAF United States Air Force USGS United States Geological Survey USML U.S. Munitions List UT Universal Time UV Ultraviolet UVCS UV Coronagraph Spectrometer UVISI Ultraviolet and Visible Imagers and Spectrograph Imagers V1 Voyager 1 V2 Voyager 2 VHO Virtual Heliospheric Observatory VxO Domain-Specific Virtual Observatory WAAS Wide Area Augmentation System WACCM Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model WBS Work Breakdown Structure PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION G-9

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WHI Whole Heliosphere Interval WHISPR Wide Field Imager for Solar Probe WLC White light Coronagraph WMAP Wilkinson Microwave Anisotropy Probe WPI Wave-Particle Interactions WSA-Enlil Wang-Sheely-Arge-Enlil WSO Wilcox Solar Observatory XIT X-ray Imaging (Spectroscopic) Telescope XRS X-Ray Sensor . PREPUBLICATION COPY—SUBJECT TO FURTHER EDITORIAL CORRECTION G-10