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Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society (2013)

Chapter: Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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I

List of Responses to Request for Information

Listed in Table I.1 are the responses received by the Committee on a Decadal Strategy for Solar and Space Physics (Heliophysics) in response to its request for information (RFI) sent in September 2010 to the solar and space physics community (see Appendix H). The full-text versions of the RFI responses are included in the compact disk that contains this report and are also available online through links at the survey’s website at http://sites.nationalacademies.org/SSB/CurrentProjects/SSB_056864.

TABLE I.1 Responses to Request for Information

 

RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

1   Ali, Nancy A., et al.   Recommendations for Education/Public Outreach (EPO) Programs: A White Paper Submitted for Consideration to the NRC Decadal Survey in Solar and Space Physics   Addresses EPO as a major contributing factor to workforce development in solar and space physics as well as in creating a scientifically literate U.S. public.
2   Araujo-Pradere, Eduardo A.   Research to Operations (R2O) Activities, a Natural Conclusion of Research   Details transitions of academic models to operations, which require an organizational structure and a clear financial commitment that barely exists today.
3   Ayres, Thomas R., and D. Longcope   Ground-Based Solar Physics in the Era of Space Astronomy   Provides a synopsis of a 2009 report commissioned by AURA in advance of the Astro2010 decadal survey concerning the future of ground-based solar physics.
4   Bach, Bernhard, et al.   The Use of a Z-pinch Facility as a Platform for Laboratory Solar and Heliophysics   Explores the utilization of Z-pinch facilities to create and investigate the physics of high-energy-density plasmas.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

5   Bailey, Scott M., et al.   A Mission to Study the Coupling of Atmospheric Regions by Precipitating Energetic Particles   Proposes a mission to understand the atmospheric response to energetic particles, specifically the coupling of atmospheric regions, as the particle energy is redistributed via dynamical, chemical, and radiative processes.
6   Baker, Joseph B.H., et al.   The Importance of Distributed Measurements of the Ionospheric Electric Field for Advancement of Geospace System Science and Improved Space Weather Situational Awareness   Explains the value of networks of ionospheric radars to the space physics community because they provide spatially distributed electric field measurements and should be further developed.
7   Bala, Ramkumar   Space Weather Forecasting through Association   Advocates for stronger community participation.
8   Balch, Christopher C.   The Next Step in Heliospheric Modeling—Increasing the Interplanetary Observing Network   Proposes an enhanced interplanetary observing network consisting of up to 1,000 CubeSats and recommends use of known technologies and modeling techniques to make order of magnitude improvements in the accuracy of physics-based models for the solar wind and interplanetary coronal mass ejections (CMEs).
9   Bandler, Simon R., et al.   High Spectral Resolution, High Cadence, Imaging X-ray Microcalorimeters for Solar Physics   Describes a solar-optimized X-ray microcalorimeter that provides high-resolution spectra at arcsecond scales to enable a wide range of studies, such as the detection of microheating in active regions, ion-resolved velocity flows, and the presence of non-thermal electrons in hot plasmas.
10   Bellan, Paul M.   Using Laboratory Experiments to Study Solar Corona Physics   Recommends that the next decade of heliospheric research include advanced laboratory plasma experiments designed to tackle specific, outstanding coronal issues.
11   Bernasconi, Pietro N., and N.-E. Raouafi   Solar Magnetized Regions Tomograph (SMART) Mission   Presents a mission to map the solar vector magnetic fields at high spatial resolution at several heights in the solar atmosphere from the photosphere to the chromosphere across the magnetic transition region.
12   Bhattacharjee, Amitava, et al.   Advanced Computational Capabilities for Exploration in Heliophysical Science (ACCEHS)—A Virtual Space Mission   Recommends that NASA, perhaps in partnership with National Science Foundation (NSF) and other agencies, lead by establishing a new peer-reviewed program in which critical-mass groups of heliophysicists, computational scientists, and applied mathematicians are brought together to address transformational science quests.
13   Bishop, Rebecca L., et al.   Understanding Tropospheric Influences on the Mesosphere/Thermosphere/ Ionosphere Region   Presents specific science goals and observational platforms required to perform investigations into tropospheric and thermospheric/ ionospheric coupling.
14   Bishop, Rebecca L., and J. Roeder   The International Space Station: Platform for Future Upper Atmospheric Investigations   Presents potential upper atmospheric investigations, sensors, and customers utilizing the International Space Station.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

15   Bookbinder, Jay, et al.   The Solar Spectroscopy Explorer Mission   Presents the Solar Spectroscopy Explorer, a small strategic mission built around an X-ray microcalorimeter and a high spatial resolution extreme ultraviolet (EUV) imager.
16   Bortnik, Jacob, and Y. Nishimura   MMAP: A Magnetic-Field Mapping Mission Concept   Outlines a novel mission that aims to observationally map the geomagnetic field from geosynchronous Earth orbit to the ionosphere in near-real time using the recently described link between pulsating aurora and chorus waves.
17   Bortnik, Jacob   The Critical Role of Theory and Modeling in the Dynamic Variability of the Radiation Belts and Ring Current   Highlights the critical role that was played by theoretical and modeling projects in the preceding decade and urges the decadal committee to support further modeling efforts dealing with wave-particle interactions in controlling the structure and dynamics of the radiation belts.
18   Brown, Benjamin P., et al.   An Experimental Plasma Dynamo Program for Investigations of Fundamental Processes in Heliophysics   Advocates for community-scale laboratory plasma experiments that offer unique opportunities to probe heliophysically relevant phenomena.
19   Brown, Michael R., et al.   Intermediate-Scale MHD Wind Tunnel for Turbulence and Reconnection Studies   Proposes an intermediate scale magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) wind tunnel for turbulence studies in order to illuminate MHD turbulence processes such as observed in the solar wind.
20   Budzien, Scott A., et al.   Evolved Tiny Ionospheric Photometer (ETIP): A Sensor for Ionospheric Specification   Addresses the requirements for space weather sensors with adequate flexibility for accommodation on a range of future flight opportunities, including microsatellite constellations.
21   Budzien, Scott A., et al.   The Volumetric Imaging System for the Ionosphere (VISION)   Describes a mission for volumetric characterization of the ionosphere using optical tomography.
22   Budzien, Scott A., et al.   Heterogeneous Measurements for Advances in Space Science and Space Weather Forecasting   Emphasizes that space weather forecasting with new, full-physics models requires heterogeneous datasets with complementary characteristics— not merely a higher volume of any single data type.
23   Burch, James L., et al.   Magnetospheric Causes of Saturn’s Pulsar-Like Behavior   Proposes a three-spacecraft mission to identify the cause of Saturn’s periodicity.
24   Burger, Matthew H., et al.   Understanding Mercury’s Space Environment-Magnetosphere-Exosphere System: A Unified Strategy for Observational, Theoretical, and Laboratory Research   Recommends a strong program to combine ground-based and spacecraft observations, laboratory measurements, and numerical modeling to maximize the science return from these missions.
25   Burkepile, Joan R., et al.   The Importance of Ground-Based Observations of the Solar Corona   Proposes the use of a new K-coronagraph that will provide dramatically better data of the very low corona.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

26   Carpenter, Kenneth G., et al.   Stellar Imager (SI): Developing and Testing a Predictive Dynamo Model for the Sun by Imaging Other Stars   Proposes a mission to resolve surface magnetic activity and subsurface structure and flows of a population of Sun-like stars in order to accelerate the development and validation of a predictive dynamo model for the Sun and enable accurate long-term forecasting of solar/ stellar magnetic activity.
27   Cassak, Paul, et al.   The Development of a Quantitative, Predictive Understanding of Solar Wind-Magnetospheric Coupling   Proposes a multi-pronged and interdisciplinary effort to understand observationally and theoretically what controls solar wind-magnetospheric coupling and how to predict it.
28   Chakrabarti, Supriya, et al.   Domestication of Scientific Satellites   Proposes the use of a flexible and scalable satellite system design in order to fill the wide gap between CubeSats and small Explorer missions and make space accessible to a new generation of Explorers.
29   Chandran, Benjamin D.G., et al.   Theoretical Research on Solar Wind Turbulence   Describes several areas in which future research on theory of solar wind turbulence holds particular promise and offers brief policy recommendations.
30   Chau, Jorge L., et al.   An Ionospheric Modification Facility for the Magnetic Equator   Proposes the deployment of an ionospheric modification facility, also called ionospheric heater, near the geomagnetic equator.
31   Chi, Peter J., et al.   A National Ground Magnetometer Program for Heliophysics Research   Recommends the establishment of a national ground magnetometer program to help coordinate, maintain, and enhance the magnetometer networks in North America.
32   Chollet, Eileen E., et al.   Career Development for Postdoctoral and Early Career Scientists   Discusses some career development issues early career scientists face and recommends some community changes that will help the field retain young talent.
33   Christe, Steven D., et al.   The Focusing Optics X-ray Solar Imager (FOXSI)   Proposes a mission to learn how and where electrons are accelerated, along which field lines they travel away from the acceleration site, where they are stopped, and how some electrons escape into interplanetary space, using the Focusing Optics X-ray Solar Imager.
34   Christian, Eric R., et al.   Heliophysics Instrument and Technology Development Program (HITDP)   Describes a program to reinvigorate hardware development, provide a pathway for new technology to be infused into missions, develop the next generation of instrument scientists, and ensure a healthy science mission program.
35   Christensen, Andrew B., et al.   The International Space Station as a Space Physics Observation Platform V2   Demonstrates that the Exposed Facility on the Japanese Experiment Module is suitable for siting optical instrumentation and conducting scientific experiments.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

36   Chu, Xinzhao, et al.   Space Lidar Mission to Study Middle and Upper Atmosphere Dynamics and Chemistry   Proposes a mission to make high-resolution temperature, wind, and Na-density measurements in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere region and to study the upper atmosphere chemistry, structure, and dynamics, especially the impact of gravity waves, using space Na Doppler lidar.
37   Chu, Xinzhao, and J. Thayer   Whole Atmosphere LIDAR for Whole Atmosphere Study   Proposes a mission to profile wind and temperature through the whole atmosphere from ground to 120 km with superlative accuracy and with whole atmosphere lidar.
38   Chua, Damien H., et al.   Geospace Dynamics Imager: A Mission Concept for Heliospheric and Magnetospheric Imaging and Space Weather Forecasting   Proposes a mission to provide the first direct, global images of the solar wind-magnetosphere system with the Geospace Dynamics Imager.
39   Chutjian, Ara, et al.   Laboratory Solar Physics from Molecular to Highly-Charged Ions: Meeting Future Space Observations of the Solar Plasma and Solar Wind   Describes an addition to the Jet Propulsion Laboratory facility to provide a compact storage ring with the new, required measurement capabilities.
40   Cirtain, Jonathan W., et al.   The High-Latitude Solar-C International Collaboration: Observing the Polar Regions of the Sun and Heliosphere   Proposes a mission to fly a focused suite of instruments designed to study the solar interior flows (by helioseismology), surface magnetic fields, transition region, and extended corona from an orbit inclined at least 40 degrees to the ecliptic plane.
41   Clarke, John T., et al.   White Paper on Comparative Planetary Exospheres   Recommends the observation of planetary and satellite exospheres by enhanced ground-based and new Earth-orbiting telescopic instruments.
42   Claudepierre, Seth G., et al.   A CubeSat Constellation to Study Magnetospheric Ultra-Low Frequency Pulsations   Proposes a mission to constrain the azimuthal mode number spectrum of magnetospheric ultralow-frequency pulsations.
43   CoBabe-Ammann, Emily, et al.   The Importance of Student Instrument Programs in the Workforce Development in Solar and Space Physics   Details how student instrument programs attract, retain, and move students through the higher education pipeline into graduate studies and the scientific and engineering workforce.
44   Codrescu, Mihail   Data Assimilation for the Thermosphere and Ionosphere   Develops global data assimilation schemes using coupled thermosphere ionosphere models and large amounts of diverse data.
45   Cohen, Christina M.S., et al.   Protecting Science Mission Investment: Balancing the Funding Profile for Data Analysis Programs   Addresses the necessary balance between data analysis funds and support for guest investigator programs.
46   Colgate, Stirling A.   Experiments to Demonstrate Solar and Astrophysical Dynamos   Explains how experiments have shown that turbulence leads primarily to enhanced resistive diffusion and not a dynamo.
47   Conde, Mark G.   Constructively Growing the Sounding Rocket Program: A Technology Development Line of Sounding Rocket Launches   Proposes that a competitive line of sounding rocket launches be added to the existing scientifically competed program.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

48   Cooper, John F., et al.   Space Weathering Impact on Solar System Surfaces and Mission Science   Explains how surfaces and atmospheres directly exposed to space environments of planetary magnetospheres, the heliosphere, and the local interstellar environment are eroded and chemically modified.
49   Coster, Anthea J., et al.   Investigations of Global Space Weather with GPS   Proposes improvements in the global distribution of ionospheric sensors.
50   Cranmer, Steven R., et al.   Ultraviolet Coronagraph Spectroscopy: A Key Capability for Understanding the Physics of Solar Wind Acceleration   Describes how ultraviolet coronagraph spectroscopy enables measurements of the collisionless processes responsible for producing the solar wind.
51   Davila, Joseph M., et al.   The International Space Weather Initiative (ISWI)   Details the deployment of 100 new instruments in Africa and around the world, including GPS, magnetometers, particle detectors, H-alpha telescopes, and radio spectrographs.
52   Davila, Joseph M., et al.   Understanding Magnetic Storage, Reconnection, and CME Initiation   Recommends the tracing of magnetic fields with a high-resolution coronagraph.
53   de la Beaujardiere, Odile, and C. Fesen   Global scintillation prediction   Proposes a systems-approach mission to predict scintillations from ultra-high frequency to L-band at all latitudes.
54   de la Beaujardiere, Odile, and D. Ober   Long-Term Changes in the Ionosphere/ Magnetosphere System and Reliable Platform for Innovations in Space Sensors   Recommends that the Defense Weather Satellite System accommodate instruments that provide the observations required for long-term trends in the magnetosphere ionosphere system as well as provide a reliable “home” for flight opportunity to test new instruments.
55   Denig, William F., et al.   On the Utility of Operational Satellite Data to Solar and Space Physics Research   Recommends increased interaction between the operational and research communities.
56   Desai, Mihir I., et al.   Particle Acceleration and Transport in the Heliosphere (PATH)   Proposes a mission to determine the mechanisms responsible for the acceleration and propagation of SEPs through the inner heliosphere.
57   Donovan, Eric   The Great Geospace Observatory and Simultaneous Missions of Opportunity   Presents a novel concept of a cost-effective multiagency initiative to fly the “Great Geospace Observatory” and provide a revolutionary three-dimensional view of Earth’s plasma environment.
58   Dorelli, John C., et al.   A Proposal for a Computational Heliophysics Innovation Program (CHIP)   Proposes that NASA create a program to ensure that the heliophysics community keeps up with the rapidly advancing high performance computing frontier over the next decade.
59   Doschek, George A.   A Concept White Paper for a New Solar Flare Instrument Designed to Determine the Plasma Parameters in the Reconnection Region of Solar Flares at Flare Onset   Describes a possible Bragg crystal spectrometer experiment that could provide spectroscopic plasma diagnostics of the reconnection region of solar flares, such as electron temperature, turbulence, flows, and polarization.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

60   Doschek, George A., et al.   The High Resolution Solar-C International Collaboration   Proposes a collaboration to observe simultaneously the photosphere, chromosphere, transition region, and corona at high spatial, spectral, and temporal resolution with proposed high-resolution Solar-C mission.
61   Dyrud, Lars, et al.   A Crucial Space Weather Effect: Meteors and Meteoroids   Describes the importance of the interplanetary meteoroid and dust environment to support studies of solar system evolution, solar wind, upper atmospheric physics, planetary atmospheres and ionospheres, planetary geology, and manned and unmanned spacecraft.
62   Dyrud, Lars, et al.   Commercial Access to Space for Scientific Discovery and Operations   Describes the observations required to achieve the greatest scientific advances with arrays of scientific sensors distributed throughout the system gathering data.
63   Eastes, Richard W.   Far Ultraviolet Imaging of the Earth’s Thermosphere and Ionosphere   Proposes a mission to provide full disk images of atmospheric temperature and composition during the daytime and electron densities in the F2 region of the ionosphere at night using far ultraviolet (FUV) spectral imaging from geostationary orbit.
64   Ebbets, Dennis, C., et al.   Flight Opportunities for Hosted Payloads on the Iridium NEXT Satellites   Invites ideas for flying sensors as hosted payloads on the NEXT constellation of commercial communications satellites being developed by Iridium Satellite.
65   Elkington, Scot R., and X. Li   MORE/ORBITALS: An International Mission to Advance Radiation Belt Science   Proposes support for the MORE/ORBITALS mission, an international collaboration to build a spacecraft to study the dynamical evolution of the radiation belts.
66   Emmert, John T., et al.   Geospace Climate Present and Future   Describes the importance of the systematic response of geospace to natural and anthropogenic forcing for societal utilization of this environment.
67   England, Scott, L et al.   Concept Paper: An Investigation of the Coupling of the Earth’s Atmosphere to Its Plasma Environment   Proposes a mission concept that addresses ion-neutral coupling.
68   Englert, Christoph, R., et al.   Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy: An Emerging Optical Technique for Heliophysics and Beyond   Proposes the use of the Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy for NASA missions.
69   Eparvier, Francis G.   The Need for Consistent Funding of Facilities Required for NASA Missions   Explores how to avoid the risk of the haphazard, precarious, and inconsistent funding of calibration and test facilities, which are necessary for the success of NASA missions such as NIST SURF Beamline-2.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

70   Erickson, Philip J., et al.   Investigations of Plasmasphere Boundary Layer Processes in the Coupled Earth-Sun Geospace System   Proposes a focused attack on advancing knowledge of ionospheric structuring and space weather effects driven by magnetosphere/ ionosphere coupling in the critically important subauroral plasmasphere boundary layer, through use of multipoint measurement networks in both the American and Australian sectors.
71   Fennell, J.F., et al.   The Magnetospheric Constellation Mission   Reconsiders the original Magnetospheric Constellation Mission concept for implementation in the next decade.
72   Fennell, J.F., and P.T. O’Brien   Mission to Understand Electron Pitch Angle Diffusion and Characterize Precipitation Bands and Spikes   Proposes a mission to understand the processes and answer the questions raised by observations of precipitation bands.
73   Fennell, J.F.   Enhancement of POES Instruments to Provide Better Space Weather Electron Data   Encourages the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) to seriously consider flying an electron sensor that measures the precipitating and trapped electron fluxes in the 40-2000 keV energy range on a continuous basis to fulfill operational and science needs discussed.
74   Fennell, J.F., et al.   Transition Region Exploration (TREx) Mission   Describes the science need for a mission that spans the L* region from 4.5 to 8.5 in the equatorial plane.
75   Fleishman, Gregory D., et al.   Uncovering Mechanisms of Coronal Magnetism via Advanced 3D Modeling of Flares and Active Regions   Recommends capitalizing on new (or soon to be available) facilities such as Solar Dynamic Observatory (SDO), the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope (ATST), and the Frequency-Agile Solar Radiotelescope and the challenges they present.
76   Florinski, Vladimir, et al.   The Outer Heliosphere—Solar System’s Final Frontier   Discusses the need for a dedicated theoretical program to study the physics of the outer heliosphere and identifies four main thrust areas: global structure, pickup ions and anomalous cosmic rays, galactic cosmic rays, and physics of the termination shock and heliopause.
77   Foster, John   DASI: Distributed Arrays of Scientific Instruments for Geospace and Space Weather Research   Demonstrates the importance of a larger-perspective point of view to appreciate how the individual features of geospace come together.
78   Frahm, Rudy A.   Interaction of the Solar Wind with a Partially Magnetized Planet   Proposes a spacecraft experiment that deals with our nearest neighbor planet, Mars, and its interaction with the space environment.
79   Frazier, Jr., Jesse R.   Alternate Magnetic Thermodynamics   Presents the author’s unconventional views on magnetism and energy.
80   Fritts, Dave, et al.   Solar Forcing of the Thermosphere and Ionosphere from Below: Coupling via Neutral Wave Dynamics   Describes the motivations for a mission addressing neutral atmosphere-ionosphere coupling via neutral waves propagating into the thermosphere and ionosphere from the lower atmosphere and the auroral zone.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

81   Fritz, Theodore, A., and B.M. Walsh   Particle Acceleration and Entry of Solar Wind Energy into the Magnetosphere   Recommends the investigation of energetic particle acceleration in the cusp and the contributions of such a population to the plasma sheet and radiation belt.
82   Fry, Dan J., et al.   Solar Proton Event Risk Modeling for Variable Duration Human Spaceflight   Proposes a strategy that will utilize agency science to feed the development of needed near-term probabilistic models that assess solar proton event risk for long-duration human exploration.
83   Fuller-Rowell, Tim, et al.   Forecasting Ionospheric Irregularities   Discusses the pressing need to develop a capability to forecast the likely occurrence of ionospheric irregularities and their detrimental impact on communications and navigation.
84   Fung, Shing F., et al.   Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Connector (MAGIC): Investigation of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling from High-to-Low Latitudes   Proposes a mission with a high-altitude satellite for auroral and plasmaspheric imaging and multiple lower-orbiting spacecraft for simultaneous in situ and radio sounding measurements.
85   Fuselier, Stephen A., et al.   Stereo Magnetospheric Imaging (SMI) Mission   Proposes energetic neutral atom (ENA) imaging mission using two spacecraft at the lunar L4 and L5 Lagrange points to investigate plasma processes at the bow shock and magnetopause, and in the cusps and magnetotail, lunar interactions, and heliospheric and interstellar phenomena.
86   Gary, Dale E., et al.   The Frequency-Agile Solar Radiotelescope (FASR)   Proposes that a wide range of science goals can be addressed with a solar-dedicated radio telescope in a high state of readiness, with superior imaging capability and broad frequency coverage.
87   Gary, Dale E., et al.   Particle Acceleration and Transport on the Sun   Describes the comprehensive observations required to understand particle acceleration and particle transport on the Sun.
88   Gentile, L.C., et al.   Scintillation and Energy Input for Space Situational Awareness and Monitoring the Environment (SESSAME)   Provides a new generation of space environmental monitoring instruments to measure high-latitude energy input and scintillation at both high and equatorial latitudes.
89   Gentile, L.C., et al.   Constellation for Heliospheric and Ionospheric Equatorial Forecasting of Scintillation (CHIEFS)   Proposes to advance understanding of ionospheric effects on communication and navigation systems with a constellation of small, dedicated satellites orbiting the equator, combined with data from ground-based instruments.
90   Gentile, L.C., et al.   Polar and Equatorial Communication Outage Satellites (PECOS)   Gives a low-cost solution that meets many current space weather objectives with three paired constellations of small satellites flying in multiple orbits.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

91   Giampapa, Mark S., et al.   Asteroseismology: The Next Frontier in Solar-Stellar Physics   Recommends comparative studies of the influence of parameters such as rotation and convection zone structure on dynamo-related magnetic activity at all relevant timescales.
92   Giampapa, Mark, S., et al.   Causes of Solar Activity   Emphasizes the critical importance of a sustained program of long-term, high-continuity observations of the solar magnetic field by a network of ground-based synoptic-type instruments.
93   Gilbert, Jason A.   What Composition Measurements Could Have Done for Solar Probe Plus   Examines the science benefits that composition data would have brought to the Solar Probe Plus missions, which explore the source regions of the solar wind and of inner-source pickup ions.
94   Gjerloev, Jesper W., et al.   Auroral Forms and Their Role in the Dungey Convection Cycle   Urges the committee to include the fundamental science objectives: What is the role of meso-scale auroral forms in the Dungey global convection cycle?
95   Gjerloev, Jesper W., et al.   SuperMAG: The Global Ground Based Magnetometer Initiative   Urges the decadal survey committee to acknowledge the strength of the ground-based magnetometer data set and the need for global collaborations such as SuperMAG.
96   Golub, Leon, et al.   RAM: The Reconnection and Microscale Mission   Outlines a new approach to understanding the dynamic activity of hot, magnetized plasmas using the best example available, the solar corona, with the goals of determining the configurations that lead to energy release and locating sources of high-energy particles.
97   Goncharenko, Larisa P., et al.   Coupling Through Planetary Waves: From the Stratosphere to Ionospheric Irregularities   Proposes an observational strategy that would investigate potential effects of planetary waves on irregularities.
98   Goode, Philip   The 1.6 m Clear Aperture Optical Solar Telescope in Big Bear—The NST   Describes how the largest aperture (1.6 m) solar telescope will provide an essential complement to SDO, Hinode, and other satellite data, especially as a probe of the space weather.
99   Gopalswamy, Nat, et al.   Earth-Affecting Solar Causes Observatory (EASCO): A New View from Sun-Earth L5   Outlines the concept of a mission that will make remote sensing and in situ measurements from the Sun-Earth Lagrange point L5 to understand the origin and evolution of large-scale solar disturbances such as coronal mass ejections and corotating interaction regions.
100   Gross, Nicholas, and J. Sojka   Value and Need of Helio and Space Physics Summer Schools   Highlights the value of space physics summer schools and encourages the continued funding of similar efforts.
101   Gross, Nicholas   Value of Enhanced Mentoring in Space and Helio Physics   Outlines the value of enhancing mentoring that a center provides through exposure of students to a broad range of mentors and activities.
102   Grotheer, Emmanuel B., et al.   Determination of Optical Spectra and G-values for Negative Ions of Low-Mass Atoms and Molecules   Recommends research to determine negative ions’ emission spectra and g-values and discusses interactions of solar wind with Mercury’s magnetosphere and surface.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

103   Habbal, Shadia R., et al.   Exploring the Physics of the Corona with Total Solar Eclipse Observations   Supports total solar eclipse observations in the visible and near infrared wavelength range to explore the physics of the corona, in particular on August 21, 2017.
104   Heelis, Rod   Magnetosphere Atmosphere Coupling Mission (MACM)   Proposes a mission to discover the spatial and temporal scales over which the ionosphere and thermosphere respond to magnetospheric energy inputs and determine how magnetospheric sources and wind dynamos contribute to the electric field in the ionosphere and thermosphere.
105   Heelis, Rod   Space-Atmosphere Boundary Layer Electrodynamics (SABLE)   Proposes a mission to uncover the pathways through which energy from the magnetosphere and solar wind is redistributed in Earth’s atmosphere.
106   Hess, Sebastien L.G., et al.   Exploration of the Uranus Magnetosphere   Proposes a middle-size mission to explore the Uranus magnetosphere with a minimal set of instruments that are necessary to address the most compelling questions about the Uranus magnetosphere and to improve understanding of the solar wind-magnetosphere interactions in general.
107   Hill, Frank, et al.   Helioseismology   Supports ground-based multi-wavelength observations and space-based multi-viewpoint measurements in order to further understanding of space physics.
108   Hill, Frank, et al.   The Need for Synoptic Optical Solar Observations from the Ground   Discusses the value of long-term observations in understanding the Sun and its activity cycle and the importance of providing sufficient resources to obtain and improve the measurements.
109   Holzworth, Robert H.   Lightning Influence on Ionosphere and Magnetosphere Plasma   Discusses the influence of lightning on ionoshere and magnetosphere processes, gives history behind current knowledge, and suggests that lightning-generated plasma waves may be much more important to magnetospheric and ionospheric physics than is realized.
110   Horanyi, Mihaly, et al.   iDUST: Interstellar and Interplanetary Dust Near Earth: A Mission Concept for “Dust Tomography” of the Heliosphere   Proposes a mission to observe the inward transport of interstellar dust and the outflow of near-solar dust and explore dusty plasma processes throughout the heliosphere.
111   Huang, Cheryl   A Satellite Mission Concept to Study Thermosphere-Ionosphere Coupling   Presents a satellite mission concept to study ion-neutral coupling with an improvement in satellite drag modelling.
112   Huba, Joseph D., et al.   A Comprehensive, First-Principles Model of Equatorial Ionospheric Irregularities and Turbulence   Discusses the development of a new modeling capability that describes the onset and development of equatorial ionospheric irregularities covering a spatial range of tens of centimeters to thousands of kilometers.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

113   Hudson, Hugh S., et al.   Solar Flares and the Chromosphere   Emphasizes the need to put new programs in place to follow up the Hinode and SDO successes and take advantage of modern modeling prowess and ground-based data to understand this complicated but physically fundamental domain.
114   Hughes, W. Jeffrey   The Future of Modeling the Space Environment   Details the need for a cohesive team of space and computational scientists and software engineers to develop a modern space environment model.
115   Intrator, Thomas P., et al.   Fundamental Heliophysics Processes: Unsteady Wandering Magnetic Field Lines, Turbulence, Magnetic Reconnection, and Flux Ropes   Suggests the use of complementing Earth-based experimental collaborations and observations, simulations, and theory to understand unsteady, three-dimensional, MHD-like energy conversion.
116   Israel, Martin H., et al.   The Effect of the Heliosphere on Galactic and Anomalous Cosmic Rays   Recommends improving observations of galactic cosmic rays and anomalous cosmic rays to better understand how the interplanetary magnetic field modulates both galactic and anomalous cosmic rays in the inner solar system.
117   Jackson, Bernard V., et al.   SWIRES, a Solar Wind Instrument for Remote Sensing   Proposes a visible-light imager that provides solar wind bulk density measurements from an 840 km Sun-synchronous terminator polar orbit.
118   Jackson, Bernard V., et al.   PERSEUS, A Pegasus Explorer for Remote Sensing and In-Situ Space Science   Proposes PERSEUS instruments to provide all-sky coverage to enable mapping and three-dimensional reconstruction of the heliosphere.
119   Jensen, Elizabeth A., et al.   Campaign Observations of the Heliosphere During the STEREO Superior Conjunction   Recommends the simultaneous measurement of the magnetic, velocity, and density fields of the heliosphere using the radio signal from natural sources and spacecraft in superior conjunction.
120   Ji, Hantao, et al.   Next Generation Experiments for Laboratory Investigations of Magnetic Reconnection Relevant to Heliophysics   Describes the scientific opportunity for next-generation laboratory experiments to study magnetic reconnection in regimes directly relevant to space and solar plasmas.
121   Ji, Hantao, and S. Prager   Strengthening Heliophysics Through Coordinated Plasma Astrophysics Programs with Laboratory Plasma Physics and Astrophysics   Introduces scientific opportunities articulated by the Workshop on Opportunities in Plasma Astrophysics and recommends close coordination with laboratory plasma physics and astrophysics to strengthen heliophysics programs.
122   Johnson, Les, et al.   Solar Sail Propulsion: Enabling New Capabilities for Heliophysics   Reports on a sampling of missions enabled by solar sails, the current state of the technology, and what funding is required to advance the current state of technology such that solar sails can enable these missions.
123   Johnston, Janet C., and D.F. Webb   Detecting and Tracking Solar Ejecta with Next-Generation Heliospheric Imaging Systems   Discusses the need for a low-risk L5 imager, and/or an L1 or LEO Sun-Earth line imager, to bank on knowledge gained from the Solar Mass Ejection Imager and STEREO.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

124   Jones, Andrew R., and F. Eparvier   The Importance of Fundamental Laboratory Measurements to NASA Heliophysics   Stresses the importance of fundamental laboratory measurements of quantities such as cross sections, atomic scattering factors, and reaction rates that are vital to interpreting data from existing and future missions, as well as essential for instrument design.
125   Judge, Philip G.   Measuring Magnetic Free Energy in the Solar Atmosphere   Offers a credible method for measuring free magnetic energy in the solar atmosphere with infrared imaging technology.
126   Kanekal, Shrikanth G., et al.   Heliospheric Particle Explorer: Advancing Our Understanding of Magnetospheric, Solar Energetic Particle, and Cosmic Ray Physics   Proposes a low-Earth-orbiting satellite with an instrument payload that measures energetic particles over a wide range of energies and species.
127   Kashyap, Vinay L., et al.   The Sun as a Star   Argues for increased focus on studies that target solar-stellar connections.
128   Keeley, Helena   Using KEEL Technology for Vehicle Prognostics and Diagnostics, and for Other Space Applications   Addresses how Compsim’s KEEL (Knowledge Enhanced Electronic Logic) technology can be applied horizontally in the heliophysics realm (theory and modeling; innovations: technology, instruments, and data systems) and describes how KEEL can satisfy NASA’s future space needs, which would otherwise cost billions of dollars.
129   Keesee, Amy M., et al.   A Campaign to Understand Mechanisms Responsible for Ion Heating in Magnetic Reconnection   Proposes a multidisciplinary campaign to address the mechanisms of ion heating in magnetic reconnection.
130   Keil, Stephen L., et al.   Science and Operation of the Advanced Technology Solar Telescope   Outlines the science goals for ATST and expresses its ability to impact understanding of the Sun.
131   Keil, Stephen L., et al.   Generation, Evolution, and Destruction of Solar Magnetic Fields   Proposes a project to measure the Sun’s magnetic fields on their natural physical scales with a large-aperture solar telescope, namely ATST.
132   Keiling, Andreas   Science and Mission Concept of a Holistic Ionosphere-Auroral Zone-Magnetosphere Investigation   Outlines a holistic ground-spacecraft mission with four-point conjunctions along magnetic flux tubes connecting the ionosphere, the auroral acceleration region, and the outer magnetosphere.
133   Kepko, Larry, et al.   A NASA-funded CubeSat Program   Argues for a small augmentation to the Suborbital and Special Orbital Projects program to allow for CubeSats as an available science and technology platform.
134   Kepko, Larry, and G. Le   Magnetospheric Constellation   Describes a mission to trace the transport of mass and energy across the boundaries of and within Earth’s magnetosphere using a constellation of up to 36 small satellites.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

135   Klimchuk, James A.   Maximizing NASA’s Science Productivity   Argues that the science productivity of NASA’s Heliophysics Science Division is not maximized by the current program balance and recommends that research and analysis (R&A) funding be gradually increased by 10% of the Heliophysics Science Division budget to an eventual target of 20-25% of the total budget.
136   Klumpar, David M., et al.   The Technological Case for TinySats (CubeSats and Nanosatellites) in Support of Heliophysics Research and the National Space Weather Program   Establishs that rapid developments in electronics miniaturization, new manufacturing techniques, and new materials and the development of a cadre of commercial suppliers of small satellite subsystems fortify the technical readiness of CubeSats for heliophysics research.
137   Ko, Yuan-Kuen et al.   Breakthrough Toward Understanding the Solar Wind Origin   Argues that a breakthrough in the next decade toward understanding the origin of the solar wind will require the continued collection and analysis of solar spectroscopic and in situ solar wind ion composition data, and future mission designs that address the solar wind origins need to take into account the coexistence and coordination of these two types of instruments.
138   Ko, Yuan-Kuen, and G.A. Doschek   Systematic Science for Future Missions   Examines strategies for future fleets of space missions to achieve systematic, optimal science, identifies key measurements that should not be sacrificed, and proposes coordination of the locations and timing of data availability.
139   Komjathy, Attila, et al.   Detecting Tsunami Generated Ionospheric Perturbations Using GPS Measurements   Argues for a concept of ionospheric sounding that would provide a method of tsunami confirmation using NASA’s global network of real-time GPS receivers.
140   Korendyke, Clarence M., et al.   Fine-Scale Advanced Coronal and Transition Region Spectrometer (FACTS) Mission: An Imaging Spectroscopy Mission to Observe Physical Processes of the Solar Chromosphere, Transition Region, and Corona   Proposes a mission to determine and characterize the dominant physical processes responsible for the structure, dynamics, and evolution of the upper solar atmosphere.
141   Kosovichev, Alexander, et al.   Solar Dynamo   Proposes that a significant breakthrough can be made to advance understanding of the physical mechanisms of magnetic field generation and formation of magnetic structures on the Sun with the help of targeted funding to support coordinated interdisciplinary groups of observers, theorists, and modelers, working together on solar dynamo as a single complex problem.
142   Krall, Jonathan, and J.D. Huba   Physics-Based Modeling of the Plasmasphere   Argues the case that a key priority of U.S. space physics enterprise should be to develop a physics-based numerical model of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere system that will describe the plasmasphere and its interactions with the ionosphere, magnetosphere, and ring current.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

143   Kucharek, Harald, et al.   Multi-Scale Investigations of Fundamental Physical Processes   Proposes research to understand the role of coupling between different scales in particle acceleration, energy dissipation, and plasma transport in shocks, reconnection, and turbulence.
144   Laming, J. Martin, et al.   Science Objectives for an X-Ray Microcalorimeter Observing the Sun   Presents the science case for a broadband X-ray imager with high-resolution spectroscopy, including simulations of X-ray spectral diagnostics of both active regions and solar flares.
145   Laming, J. Martin, et al.   Understanding the Coronal Abundance Anomalies of the Sun   Emphasizes the importance of the first ionization potential abundance anomaly in regions of the solar corona and wind, especially for the insight it provides into wave-particle interactions in the solar atmosphere and how these might inform models of coronal heating.
146   Larsen, Miguel F., and G. Lemacher   Diffusion and Transport Near the Turbopause   Addresses the poorly understood turbulent diffusion and transport processes in the lower thermosphere and the need for more extensive in situ observations of the neutral dynamics in the region.
147   Lawrence, David J., et al.   Using Solar Neutrons to Understand Solar Acceleration Processes   Explains the need for robust neutron measurements in concert with coordinated observations of gamma rays, energetic ions, and electrons, extreme ultraviolet, and radio waves to fully understand solar acceleration mechanisms.
148   Lazio, Joseph, et al.   Magnetospheric Emission from Extrasolar Planets   Describes the effort needed to detect and use magnetospheric emissions from extrasolar planets to help with understanding the nature of planets and magnetospheres.
149   Lehmacher, Gerald   Small-Scale Neutral-Ion Coupling in the Mesosphere   Addresses the fundamental science questions, What governs the coupling of neutral and ionized species in the mesosphere? and What is responsible for the variability of the ionization layers in the mesosphere?, and urges mesospheric investigations for the revitalization of the sounding rocket program.
150   Lemon, Colby L., et al.   The Importance of Ion Composition and Charge State Measurements for Magnetospheric Physics   Advocates for more ion composition instruments in the magnetosphere on future missions in order to resolve outstanding questions in magnetospheric physics.
151   Lepri, Susan T., et al.   Solar Wind and Suprathermal Ion Composition Measurements: An Essential Element of Current and Future Space Missions   Discusses the vital role of solar wind and suprathermal composition measurements in resolving major outstanding science questions regarding reconnection, particle acceleration, and improving space weather predictions.
152   Lessard, Marc R., et al.   The Importance of Ground-Observations and the Role of Distributed Arrays in Polar Regions   Describes the importance of high-latitude ground-based observations, emphasizing the importance of instrument development, distributed arrays of instruments, and multi-instrument observations.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

153   Lewis, Laurel M.   The Determination of the Effects of Major Impacts on Global Geophysical and Geological Parameters   Proposes the study of global geologic and geophysical parameters in response to solar/ galactic fields in order to better understand the past influence impact has had on Earth history as well as to better determine the probability of future events.
154   Li, Gang, et al.   A “Swarm” Mission to Study Particle Acceleration at Interplanetary Shocks   Proposes a mission to study particle acceleration at interplanetary shocks via a swarm of spacecraft.
155   Li, Xinlin, et al.   Energetic Particles from a Highly Inclined Constellation (EPIC)   Addresses solar flares and solar energetic particles reaching at Earth, the loss rate of Earth’s radiation belt electrons, and the effect of these energetic particles on the chemistry and dynamics of Earth’s middle and upper atmosphere.
156   Liewer, Paulett C., et al.   Solar Polar Imager: Observing Solar Activity from a New Perspective   Proposes a mission to target the unexplored polar regions by enabling crucial observations not possible from lower latitudes with a 0.48-AU orbit with an inclination of 75° and a solar sail.
157   Lin, Chin S., and F.A. Marcos   Predict Neutral Density   Proposes research to improve predictions of satellite drag with physics-based atmospheric density models.
158   Lin, Chin S., and F.A. Marcos   Research-to-Operation of Predicting Neutral Density   Proposes research to use physics-based atmospheric density models to improve research-to-operation of predicting satellite.
159   Lin, Chin S., and F.A. Marcos   CubeSat Orbital Drag Experiment   Proposes an experiment to exploit the CubeSat opportunity, which provides the unprecedented capability of long-term, routine, high-accuracy measurements of thermospheric variability by accelerometers.
160   Lin, Robert P., et al.   Expansion of the Heliophysics Explorer Program   Points out that Heliophysics Explorer missions have the best success record in all respects of any space missions.
161   Lin, Robert P., et al.   The Multi-Spacecraft Inner Heliosphere Explorer (HELIX)   Proposes a five-spacecraft mission to study large-scale solar transients in the inner heliosphere and their acceleration of particles to high energies.
162   Lin, Robert P., et al.   Solar Eruptive Events (SEE) 2020 Mission Concept   Proposes a complement of advanced new instruments that focus on the coronal energy release and particle acceleration sites of major solar eruptive events.
163   Lind, Frank D.   Next Generation Space Science with the Geospace Array   Addresses science topics from the lower atmosphere through the ionosphere and heliosphere and to the surface of the Sun and beyond with a globally deployed geospace array.
164   Livi, Stefano A., et al.   Solar Wind Ion Composition Measurements   Proposes an instrument to establish physical links between the outward transport of solar energy and the solar wind by providing direct measurements of solar eruption products in coronal mass ejections.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

165   Love, Jeffrey J.   Long-term Coordinated Ground and Satellite Monitoring of the Ring Current   Proposes improved, long-term, low-latitude ground-and space-based magnetometer monitoring for at least an entire solar cycle.
166   Luhmann, Janet G., et al.   Guest Investigator and Participating Scientist Programs   Expresses that Guest Investigator and Participating Scientist programs and mission modeling and theory teams provide major enhancements to the science potential of NASA’s missions.
167   Luhmann, Janet G., et al.   Extended Missions: Engines of Heliophysics System Science   Summarizes arguments for supporting the Heliophysics Systems Observatory, the engine of heliospheric systems science.
168   Lyons, Larry R.   Conceptual Framework for Space Weather Dynamics: An Interplay of Large and Mesoscale Structure within the Nightside Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Thermosphere System   Describes a concept to allow for unprecedented comprehensive interdisciplinary study of the coupled magnetosphere-ionosphere-thermosphere system with new facilities and model development and to coordinate the use of these capabilities for transformational understanding of structure, dynamics, and disturbances.
169   Lystrup, Makenzie, et al.   A Multi-Spacecraft Jupiter Space Plasma Explorer   Proposes a multi-spacecraft Jupiter explorer mission to measure the jovispace plasma environment in key locations simultaneously— within and without the magnetosphere, in the plasma disc, in boundary regions, in the dawn and dusk flanks—all while monitoring solar wind and auroral energy output.
170   Mabie, Justin J.   A Comprehensive and Continuous Record of Ground Based Space Weather Observations   Recommends steps to modernize a comprehensive climatology of ground-based space weather observations collected from magnetometers, ionosondes, and other methods.
171   MacDonald, Elizabeth A., et al.   A Science Mission Concept to Actively Probe Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Coupling   Describes how directly mapping magnetic field lines from a magnetospheric satellite to their ionospheric footpoints using an on-board electron emitter and ground-imaging techniques can answer long-standing fundamental questions of magnetosphere-ionosphere coupling.
172   MacDowall, Robert J., et al.   A Radio Observatory on the Lunar Surface for Solar Studies (ROLSS)   Proposes an observatory to image solar radio bursts at frequencies <10 MHz with a lunar-based radio telescope.
173   Makela, Jonathan J., et al.   A North American Thermosphere Ionosphere Observation Network   Recommends a network of ground-based multi-instrument sites to understand fundamental spatio-temporal processes in Earth’s ionosphere/ thermosphere/mesosphere system.
174   Mannucci, Anthony J.   Global Ionospheric Storms   Discusses global ionospheric storms as an important subfield of study within solar and space physics.
175   Mannucci, Anthony J.   Research to Operations: Continuous Improvement   Suggests a path forward that, over time, will lead to steadily improving operational capabilities in space weather.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

176   Mannucci, Anthony J., et al.   GNSS Geospace Constellation (GGC): A CubeSat Space Weather Mission Concept   Recommends technology investment in miniaturized GPS receivers that can be deployed on CubeSats for ionospheric remote sensing.
177   Mannucci, Anthony J., et al.   Estimating the Forces That Drive Ionosphere and Thermosphere Variability: Continuous Data and Assimilative Modeling   Advocates for developing a model-based approach to retrieving the driving forces from measurements of electron density structure and dynamics.
178   Marshall, Robert A.   Ionospheric Forcing from Below: Effects of Lightning   Demonstrates that extension of single-discharge studies to global effects are required to quantify the coupling in ionosphere forcing.
179   Marshall, Robert A.   Ground-based Space Weather Instrument Suites   Proposes that the geoscience community foster a class of instrumentation that involves multi-instrument, ground-based suites similar to satellite instrumentation.
180   Martinis, Carlos   Neutral Winds in the Upper Atmosphere   Discusses the need to measure neutral winds in the upper atmosphere in a global spatial and temporal scale to understand many processes involving electro-dynamics and ion-neutral coupling.
181   Matthaeus, William H., et al.   Turbulence and Nonlinear Dynamics and Its Many Effects in Solar and Heliospheric Physics   Calls attention to the broad implications of nonlinearity and turbulence within the complex, coupled solar and heliospheric system.
182   Mauel, Michael E., et al.   Development and Validation of Space Weather Models Using Laboratory Dipole Experiments   Describes the value of laboratory dipole experiments to develop and validate space weather models of magnetospheric dynamics.
183   Mazur, Joseph E.   Ultra-Heavy Nuclei in Solar Flare: The Rarest Elements in the Sun   Discusses the measurement of ultra-heavy energetic particles to understand nucleosynthesis and further processing of matter in flare acceleration, interplanetary acceleration, and transport.
184   Mazur, Joseph E.   Low-Impact Space Environment Sensors Required on Every NASA Space Vehicle   Recommends that space vehicles be required to include low-impact sensors and that the data be collected and synthesized in a centralized repository.
185   Mazur, Joseph E.   Need to Measure Solar Energetic Particle Ionization States from ~1 to Above 100 MeV/nucleon   Proposes one or more charged particle sensors in low-Earth polar orbit to infer the ionization state using the geomagnetic cutoff technique.
186   Mazur, Joseph E.   Unintended Effects of Increasing Reliance on Science Requirements   Details the unintended consequences of the practice of tracking NASA science missions with project management systems that establish and monitor requirements for science.
187   Mazur, Joseph E.   Unexploited Heliophysics Data Sets   Explains the value of the particle and plasma data sets collected from highly inclined and low-Earth-orbit research into the sources and dynamics of the near-Earth trapped and precipitating particle environments.
188   McComas, David J., et al.   Interstellar Mapping Probe (IMAP) Mission Concept: Illuminating the Dark Boundaries at the Edge of Our Solar System   Proposes the IMAP mission concept for the discovery of the detailed processes of the heliosphere/local interstellar medium interaction.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

189   McConnell, Mark L., et al.   X-Ray and Gamma-Ray Polarimetry of Solar Flares   Reviews the study of polarization at X-ray and gamma-ray energies for a greater understanding of particle acceleration in solar flares.
190   McCormack, John P., and S. Eckermann   High Altitude Data Assimilation: Characterizing the Effects of Solar Variability from the Ground to the Thermosphere   Proposes a high-altitude data assimilation system capable of exploiting satellite-and ground-based observations using state-of-the-art assimilation techniques to improve the observational characterization of the atmospheric response to solar variations.
191   McDonald, Sarah E., et al.   The Importance of Thermospheric Winds for Ionospheric Modeling   Presents specific examples where neutral wind measurements are needed to enable reliable ionospheric modeling due to variations in the neutral wind, which drive a complex system of ionospheric currents and electric fields, profoundly influencing the structure and composition of the ionosphere.
192   McHarg, Matthew G., and D. Knipp   Measuring Energy Inputs and ITM Response Using a Constellation of Small Satellites   Proposes a constellation of inexpensive small satellites to provide measurements for understanding the fundamental physics that will enable ionosphere-thermosphere-mesosphere forecasting.
193   McIntosh, Scott W., et al.   The Solar Chromosphere: The Inner Frontier of the Heliospheric System   Discusses the status of chromospheric physics and the frontiers that are opening up following recent observational discoveries.
194   McIntosh, Scott W., et al.   ChroMag: The Community Synoptic Chromospheric Magnetograph   Proposes a chromospheric magnetometry mission to provide a comprehensive, synoptic spectro-polarimetric observational data set from spectral lines formed at multiple “heights” of the chromosphere and the very base of the corona.
195   McNutt, Ralph L., Jr., et al.   Interstellar Probe   Proposes an interstellar probe that can be launched during the coming decade.
196   Merkin, Viacheslav G., et al.   Synergy Between Large Data Sets, First-Principles and Empirical Models of the Magnetosphere   Advocates for the need of support for programs that build on synergy between currently available and future large data sets of ionospheric and magnetospheric measurements and physics-based models of the ionosphere-thermosphere-magnetosphere system.
197   Mertens, Christopher J., et al.   Nowcast of Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation for Aviation Safety   Describes the Nowcast of Atmospheric Ionizing Radiation for Aviation Safety, a prototype operational model for predicting commercial aircraft radiation exposure from galactic and solar cosmic rays.
198   Mertens, Christopher J., et al.   Ionospheric E-Region Chemistry and Energetics   Proposes an Earth-observing, multisatellite science mission to explore the last remaining frontier in upper atmospheric research—the ionospheric E-region.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

199   Miesch, Mark S., et al.   The Importance of Polar Observations in Understanding the Solar Dynamo   Supports an out-of-ecliptic heliophysics mission that focuses on observations of the magnetic structure, dynamics, and solar-cycle evolution of the polar regions of the Sun that will provide data of critical importance for understanding the solar dynamo mechanism and the cyclic nature of solar activity.
200   Millan, Robyn M., et al.   NASA’s Balloon Program: Providing World-Class Science, Technology Development, and Vital Training of the Next Generation of Space Physicists   Summarizes examples of balloon-based science accomplishments and future opportunities and advocates continued support of the Ultra Long Duration Balloon Program, increased support for small and mid-sized payloads and balloon flotillas, and appropriately scaled funding for development of new experiments.
201   Miller, Ethan S.   Initiation of Irregularities in the Equatorial F-Region Ionosphere   Explores several theories and a variety of space-and ground-based measurements that will be useful to test theories on the initiation of irregularities in the equatorial F region ionosphere.
202   Mitchell, Donald G., et al.   Geospace Magnetosphere-Ionosphere-Neutral Interaction (GEMINI)   Describes GEMINI, which uses two identical spacecraft in an 8 RE circular polar orbit for global, continuous imaging of the ring current, plasma sphere, atmospheric ultraviolet, and auroral emissions.
203   Mitchell, Elizabeth J.   Center for Magnetosphere and Ionosphere Decoupling Investigations   Outlines an initiative to correct the erroneous assumption of polar cap symmetry in ring current and radiation belt models.
204   Mlynczak, Martin G., et al.   Spectral Signatures of Geospace Climate Change   Proposes continued measurement of infrared spectral signatures of the energy balance of the geospace environment in order to identify and attribute causes and consequences of geospace climate change.
205   Moebius, Eberhard, et al.   NASA’s Explorer Program as a Vital Element to Further Heliophysics Research   Details the importance of Explorers to a mix of large and small mission opportunities for heliophysics in maintaining innovative research and a diverse infrastructure and in training the future workforce.
206   Moore, Thomas E., et al.   Mechanisms of Energetic Mass Ejection (MEME)   Proposes MEME to achieve the overarching objective of the 2009 Heliophysics Roadmap: Origins of Near Earth Plasmas—to understand the transport of terrestrial gas and plasma from its atmospheric source into the Magnetosphere and downstream Solar Wind.
207   Moore, Thomas E.   Laboratory for Active Space Experiment Research (LASER) Program   Presents a case for the resumption of active space experimentation in heliophysics.
208   Moses, J.D.   Magnetic Properties of the Solar Atmosphere (SolmeX Cosmic Vision Mission)   Summarizes the Solar Magnetism Explorer (SolmeX) mission proposal being submitted to the 2010 ESA Cosmic Vision call, which proposes to overcome the observational gap in the measurements of the coronal magnetic field.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

209   Nossal, Susan M.   Long Term Observations for Trend Studies   Addresses the importance of long-term observations for understanding the chemical and physical processes affecting the whole atmosphere system and recommends observations to enable long-term trend studies into the future.
210   Oberheide, Jens, et al.   Short-term Variability of the IT System   Proposes a comprehensive observation program to untangle the complex web of interacting processes and wave coupling that causes day-today variability in the ionosphere-thermosphere system.
211   Oberoi, Divya, et al.   Heliospheric Science at Low Radio Frequencies   Describes how the new generation of low-radio-frequency telescopes provides effective means to exploit the electromagnetic propagation effects to probe the heliosphere and presents the possibility of characterizing it in unprecedented detail.
212   Oberoi, Divya, et al.   High-Fidelity Coronal Imaging at Low Radio Frequencies   Describes how spectroscopic imaging of the Sun at low radio frequencies with next-generation radio interferometers can play a crucial role in addressing many long-standing puzzles related to magnetic fields and heating mechanisms in the solar corona.
213   O’Brien, Thomas P.   Long-term Monitoring of the Global Space Environment   Proposes a long-term inner magnetosphere monitor in a geosynchronous transfer orbit, NASA-to-NOAA (research to operations) transfer of future NASA explorers after the end of their science mission.
214   Onsager, Terrance G.   Need for Explicit Basic and Applied Research Funding   Advocates for distinct lines of funding by the U.S. civilian agencies for basic space physics research and the development of space weather applications, maintaining distinct requirements for both.
215   Osten, Rachel A.   Deepening the Solar/Stellar Connection for a Better Understanding of Solar and Stellar Variability   Encourages deepening of the solar/stellar connections, by recognizing a mutual relationship from which both solar physicists and stellar astronomers can benefit.
216   Oza, Nikunj C., et al.   Data Mining for Heliophysics   Recommends new data mining techniques that are needed to support breakthroughs in heliophysics.
217   Papadopoulos, Dennis   Active Experiments in Space— Ionospheric Heaters   Describes a program that uses ionospheric heaters with ground and space diagnostics to study “cause and effect” space plasma processes of key importance to space plasma physics and geophysics.
218   Pevtsov, Alexei A.   Current and Future State of Ground-Based Solar Physics in the U.S.   Draws attention to need for development of a comprehensive long-term plan for ground-based solar physics.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

219   Pfaff, Robert, et al.   Understanding Geospace on a Grand Scale: The Global Ionosphere/ Thermosphere Constellation   Proposes a Frontier mission consisting of a constellation of observing platforms that would sample the ionosphere and thermosphere at all local times and latitudes and hence provide a revolutionary advance for understanding the processes that define this critical region of geospace.
220   Pfaff, Robert, et al.   Sounding Rockets as Indispensable Research Platforms for Heliophysics Research and Development of a High Altitude Sounding Rocket   Provides an overview of the sounding rocket program’s capabilities, which are critical for heliophysics research, and describes the High Altitude Sounding Rocket initiative.
221   Pilewskie, Peter, et al.   The Total and Spectral Solar Irradiance Sensor: Response to the National Academy of Science Decadal Strategy for Solar and Space Physics   Recommends continuity of the measurements of total and spectral solar irradiance from space.
222   Podesta, John, et al.   High-resolution, High-accuracy Plasma, Electric, and Magnetic Field Measurements for Discovery of Kinetic Plasma Structures and Processes in the Evolving Solar Wind   Addresses the need for high-cadence, high-accuracy plasma and field measurements to diagnose kinetic scale processes in the solar wind and interplanetary medium.
223   Rast, Mark P., et al.   Next Steps in Solar Spectral Irradiance Studies   To understand the solar spectral output and its coupling to climate is a challenge in the next decade with full-disk radiometric imaging of the Sun, high-resolution observation and modeling of globally unresolved dynamics, and coupling to models of radiative and dynamical processes at Earth.
224   Reardon, Kevin P., et al.   Approaches to Optimize Scientific Productivity of Ground-based Solar Telescopes   Explains the value in the broader use of high-resolution, ground-based solar observations and the need for university programs to train young scientists in the analysis of such data.
225   Rempel, Matthias, et al.   Modeling of Magnetic Flux Emergence Across Scales   Summarizes recent progress in modeling flux emergence from the base of the convection zone into the solar corona and details the need for modeling capabilities and large coordinated teams of investigators that are currently not supported through available programs.
226   Retterer, John M.   Next Gen IT Modeling Infrastructure for Space Weather Forecasting   Describes new infrastructure required for progress in ionosphere/thermosphere modeling, both for scientific progress and operational utility.
227   Richardson, John D., et al.   The Heliospheric Interaction with the LISM: Observations and Models   Emphasizes the scientific progress to be made by continuation of the Voyager mission with appropriate theoretical and modeling support.
228   Rickard, Lee J., et al.   The Long Wavelength Array (LWA): A Large HF/VHF Array for Solar Physics, Ionospheric Science, and Solar Radar   Provides a new approach for studying the Sun-Earth environment from the surface of the Sun through Earth’s ionosphere.
229   Ridley, Aaron J., et al.   A Constellation Mission to Understand the Thermospheric Reaction to Energy Input Across Scales   Proposes an ionosphere/thermosphere constellation mission utilizing micro-satellites to study the dynamics of the upper atmosphere after energy input.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

230   Roberts, D. Aaron, et al.   The Heliophysics Data Environment as an Enabler of HP Science of the Next Decade   Argues for the continued support of a “heliophysics information system,” as recommended in the previous decadal survey, as is being developed by many groups.
231   Roddy, Patrick A., and J.O. Ballenthin   The Atmospheric Density Specification Experiment   Proposes a neutral mass spectrometer mission to feed these models of the neutral thermosphere and improve atmospheric drag forecasts.
232   Roelof, Edmond C., and G.B. Andrews   Telemachus Redux   Describes Telemachus, a technologically ready low-to-medium-cost, dual-mode mission that addresses basic science questions of the dynamics of the subsurface, surface, and coronal dynamics of the polar regions of the Sun and the non-ecliptic solar wind, fields, and energetic particles.
233   Rowland, Douglas E., et al.   The Tropical Coupler Mission   Proposes a mission to provide a complete understanding of the forcing of the ionosphere and lower thermosphere by stratospheric and tropospheric effects at low latitudes and to determine the causes and consequences of internal ionospheric instabilities.
234   Russell, Christopher T., et al.   Determination of How Charged Interplanetary Dust Affects the Flowing Magnetized Solar Wind   Recommends funding opportunities and mission opportunities for research on solar wind turbulence, such as multiscale, multisatellite measurements in the undisturbed solar wind with dust detectors capable of measuring the mass, speed, charge, and elemental/chemical composition of the solar wind entrained grains, as well as sensitive plasma and field instruments.
235   Ryan, James M., et al.   Ground Based Measurements of Galactic and Solar Cosmic Rays   Discusses the merits of measuring and monitoring solar and galactic cosmic rays at ground level.
236   Rymer, Abigail M.   The Case for Exploring Uranus’ Magnetosphere   Advocates support from the heliophysics community for a dedicated mission to Uranus, launched in the time frame 2020-2023 and designed to make detailed in situ observations of the unique Uranian magnetosphere.
237   Sanchez, Ennio R., et al.   Magnetic Meridian Ring of Incoherent Scatter Radars: Supporting Science Discovery and Tracing AIM Weather, Climate, and Global Change   Advocates the concept of positioning atmospheric observatories built around incoherent scatter radars at points all around a single geomagnetic meridian to provide global system scientists, modelers, and data consumers with the high-quality data they require.
238   Scherb, Frank   The Abundance of Deuterium and He3 in the Solar Wind   Describes a novel instrument for detecting and measuring solar wind deuterium.
239   Schreiner, William S.   Using Space-Based GNSS Radio Occultation Data for Ionospheric and Space Weather Applications   Addresses the scientific and operational needs for continuing global observations of the ionosphere and lower neutral atmosphere with Global Navigation Satellite System radio occultation data.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

240   Schrijver, Karel, et al.   The Solar Magnetic Dynamo and Its Role in the Formation and Evolution of the Sun, in the Habitability of Its Planets, and in Space Weather around Earth   Addresses the needs and opportunities for dynamo-related studies in the coming decade(s), including understanding the solar magnetic dynamo by combining numerical studies and theory with observations of the evolving surface field of Sun and stars and of solar and stellar internal flows.
241   Schwadron, N.A., et al.   Research to Operations (Res2Ops)— Opportunities for Center Development   Discusses the development of research-to-operations centers at universities and laboratories to develop highly successful operational tools to fill demonstrated or emerging needs and combines best practices in engineering, physics, computer science, and management.
242   Schwadron, Nathan A., et al.   NESSC Summer School for Undergraduates in Space Physics   Describes the New England Space Science Consortium (NESSC), which can provide both governance and lecturers in a new 1-or 2-week summer school for undergraduate students that provides students with an intellectual background to help in the pursuit of research projects (e.g., an REU gateway) and graduate programs.
243   Semeter, Joshua, et al.   Energy Transfer from the Solar Wind to the Solid Earth   Recommends distributed measurements from ground and from space, coupled through first-principles modeling, to establish the global force balance governing the interaction between the solar wind and the magnetosphere.
244   Shih, Albert Y., et al.   Solar Ion Acceleration and the Flaring Atmosphere   Discusses the open science questions, the remotely observable signatures (e.g., gamma rays, neutrons, and energetic neutral atoms), and several instrument concepts that are associated with understanding solar ion acceleration, as well as the aspects of the flaring atmosphere that are probed by energetic ions.
245   Siskind, David E., et al.   Dynamical Ground-to-Space (G2S) Coupler   Outlines the recent science linking the lower to the upper atmosphere and discusses measurement strategies to understand these couplings.
246   Smith, Charles W., et al.   The Case for Continued, Multi-Point Measurements in Space Science   Argues for preservation of the distributed assets of space science that constitute the heliospheric “Great Observatory” and of this unique creation with all the opportunities it represents.
247   Smith, David M., et al.   The High-Energy Sun at High Sensitivity: A NuSTAR Solar Guest Investigation Program   Describes the extraordinary solar science expected from NuSTAR, a NASA small Explorer satellite to be launched in 2012 primarily for astrophysical observations, and outlines the advantages of a dedicated guest investigator program specifically to support NuSTAR solar observations.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

248   Smith, Steven M.   Gravity Wave Coupling Processes Between the Lower Atmosphere and the Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere   Proposes a research strategy to forecast space weather phenomena with a fundamental understanding of the dynamics (e.g., energy and momentum flux budgets, chemistry, etc.) of Earth’s atmosphere as a whole system.
249   Smith, Steven M.   Neutral Temperature and Wind Measurements of Earth’s Thermosphere   Discusses the need for more accurate neutral temperature and wind climatologies of Earth’s lower thermosphere in the altitude range 100-300 km.
250   Snow, Martin A., et al.   The Importance of Solar EUV and FUV Irradiance Measurements for Space Weather and Atmospheric Modeling   Argues that extending the data record of solar extreme ultraviolet (EUV) and far ultraviolet (FUV) irradiances should continue to be a priority of the heliophysics community for understanding both the long-term (climate) and short-term (space weather) influence of the Sun on the atmosphere.
251   Sojka, Jan J.   Adoption of a Paradigm Shift for Space Exploration   Presents a case for collaboration between all space science funding agencies to support synergistic activities that benefit all and provides the links between science and applications that will produce the expected societal benefits.
252   Solomon, Stanley C., and L. Qian   Modeling and Measurement of Upper Atmosphere Climate Change   Proposes a program of model development and space-based measurements for understanding and quantifying the increasing temperatures of the upper atmosphere.
253   Spann, James F., et al.   A Cross-Agency Enabling Effort Focused on Space Weather Observations and Research-to-Operation Transition   Presents an approach to address the lack of a robust national coordinated research-to-application program for space weather and a lack of sufficient relevant space-and ground-based observations by proposing a joint federal agency program involving NASA, NOAA, and NSF.
254   Spann, James F., et al.   A NASA Applied Spaceflight Environments Office Concept   Presents a solution to the NASA problem that there is no coordinated activity to harness the valuable knowledge and products across the field centers related to spaceflight environments, which includes space weather.
255   Spann, James F., et al.   Dynamic Geospace Coupling Mission   Addresses fundamental questions related to plasma processes that determine how energy and momentum from the solar wind propagate downward through geospace to Earth and proposes a multi-spacecraft implementation with imaging and in situ instruments.
256   St. Cyr, O.C., et al.   Space Weather Diamond: A 10x Improvement in Real-Time Forecasting   Promotes an applied heliophysics mission concept to facilitate the connection between science and societal needs (e.g., improvements in space weather prediction) by providing an order of magnitude improvement over present-day L1 monitors.
257   St. Cyr, O.C., et al.   Solar Orbiter: Exploring the Sun-Heliosphere Connection   Describes the ESA/NASA Solar Orbiter mission, including the science and mission design.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

258   Stephan, Andrew W., et al.   Global Ionosphere-Thermosphere-Mesosphere (ITM) Mapping Across Temporal and Spatial Scales   Provides a robust method for obtaining necessary routine space weather maps of the near-Earth space weather volume for both scientific inquiry and operational users by combining global imaging and low-altitude sensors measuring ultraviolet airglow.
259   Stevens, Michael H., et al.   Direct Observations of Global-Scale Transport in the Lower Thermosphere   Describes a mission to study global-scale dynamics by observing tracers injected by vehicles launched from a satellite in geosynchronous orbit.
260   Stoneback, Russell A.   Effective Aperture Behavior on the Earth and Sun   Proposes continued research on a model to investigate the apparent equivalence between high-latitude currents on both Earth and the Sun and currents used to calculate the diffracted field produced by an aperture.
261   Streltsov, Anatoly V.   Multi-scale Electrodynamics of Magnetosphere-Ionosphere Interactions   Proposes comprehensive, multi-fluid, wave-particle numerical models with predictive capabilities to address observations from satellites, sounding rockets, and radars conducted in the high-latitude magnetosphere and the ionosphere, which frequently measure intense unexplained electromagnetic fields and currents.
262   Strong, Keith T., et al.   4PI: A Global Understanding of the Solar Cycle   Proposes a mission to provide the first continuous view of the solar magnetic field and plasma dynamics mapped from below the surface into the corona, over all solar longitudes with extended polar coverage, and tracks the evolution of the dynamo(s) throughout at least a solar cycle.
263   Swenson, Charles M., et al.   CubeSats in Heliophysics Research   Emphasizes that CubeSat technologies represent a significant opportunity for achieving multipoint observations from within the space environment.
264   Swenson, Gary R.   Remote Sensing the Upper Atmosphere with Lidar from Space   Advocates development of lidar technology for remote sensing of the upper atmosphere/ ionosphere.
265   Szabo, Adam, et al.   Solar Wind Kinetic Physics: High Time Resolution Solar Wind Measurements from the DSCOVR Mission   Advocates refurbishment of the DSCOVR spacecraft to obtain unprecedented high time resolution solar wind measurements from the Sun-Earth L1 Lagrange point at minimal NASA cost.
266   Szabo, Adam, et al.   Energetic Particle Propagation and Coronal Mass Ejection Evolution in the Inner Heliosphere: Multi-point In-Situ Solar Sentinels Observations   Proposes the Solar Sentinels mission to provide in situ particle and field observations to answer questions of solar energetic particle transport and interplanetary coronal mass ejection evolution in the inner heliosphere.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

267   Talaat, Elsayed R., et al.   Electrodynamics Observations with Numerous Satellites   Proposes a suite of small satellites distributed in local time at F-region altitudes with essential instrumentation to address ion-neutral coupling and the roles of the disturbance dynamo, tidal dynamos, and magnetospheric penetration electric fields in determining the global electrodynamics.
268   Tomczyk, Steven, et al.   COSMO—The Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory   Presents the science justification and technical overview of the Coronal Solar Magnetism Observatory (COSMO), a facility dedicated to the measurement of magnetic fields and plasma properties in the solar corona to advance understanding of the Sun’s generation of space weather.
269   Tylka, Allan J.   Heliophysics System Science and Funding for Extended Missions   Offers suggestions and recommendations regarding adequate funding for extended missions concerning all areas of heliophysics science.
270   Valladares, Cesar E.   On Understanding the Origin of Plasma Density Variability Within the Polar Cap   Describes two ionospheric processes that contribute to the high variability of the plasma density within the polar cap: polar cap patches and Sun-aligned arcs.
271   Velli, Marco, et al.   SAFARI: Solar Activity Far Side Investigation   Proposes a mission to explore the origins of solar magnetic activity by carrying out observations of the velocity and magnetic fields at the solar surface from a vantage point widely separated from Earth in longitude.
272   Vial, Jean-Claude   Fast UV Spectro-imagery for Solar Physics   Argues that imaging Fourier transform spectroscopy should be pursued to measure temperature, density, ionization, and abundance, along with magnetic and velocity fields in the solar atmosphere in three dimensions and time, in the high chromosphere, corona, and the transition region.
273   Vourlidas, Angelos, et al.   Mission to the Sun-Earth L5 Lagrangian Point: An Optimal Platform for Heliophysics and Space Weather Research   Argues that a research-to-operations approach is the best strategy to foster the vibrancy of the field in the next decade, spearheaded by a mission to the L5 Lagrangian point.
274   Vourlidas, Angelos, and A. Rymer   A Proposal to Lighten the Burden of International Traffic in Arms Regulations on Heliophysics Research   Describes the problem of the overly restricted regulatory regime on science missions classified as “defense systems” and provides a set of recommendations to improve this situation.
275   Walterscheid, Richard, et al.   Gravity Wave Propagation in the Dissipative and Diffusively Separated Thermosphere   Advocates further understanding of the upward coupling of waves from the lower atmosphere and new observations combined with models of acoustic-gravity waves for thermospheric regions where rapid dissipation and diffusive separation prevail.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

276   Walterscheid, Richard L., and J.H. Hecht   Effects of Large Amplitude Planetary Waves in the Ionosphere and Thermosphere   Demonstrates clear evidence that tides and planetary waves strongly affect each other, including the particularly interesting case of the rapid amplification of the Southern Hemisphere two-day wave to very large amplitudes via interactions with tides.
277   Walterscheid, Richard L., et al.   The Paired Ionosphere-Thermosphere Orbiters (PITO) Mission: Multipoint Geospace Science in 3D   Proposes a mission to utilize two spacecraft in equal but opposite eccentric orbits, so that when one is at apogee the other is at perigee and located within the field of view of the other, using combined measurements of the best features of remote sensing (coverage) with in situ measurements (detail).
278   White, Stephen M., et al.   Coronal Magnetic Fields   Outlines the difficulties in making advances in coronal magnetism and describes the developments needed to make progress over the next decade.
279   Wilson, Gordon R., and D. Ober   Local Response of the Ionosphere/ Thermosphere to High-Latitude Energy Deposition   Designs a mission to monitor the atmospheric response in a local high-latitude region while simultaneously measuring the magnetospheric energy input to that region.
280   Wood, Kent S., et al.   Continuous FUV/EUV Imaging of the Ionosphere from Geosynchronous Orbit   Recommends new imaging systems to generate measurements in two-dimensional formats continuously for large regions with high spatial resolution.
281   Wu, Qian   Global Airglow Interferometer Limb-scanner (GAIL)—A New Thermospheric Wind Instrument   Describes a concept for a high-altitude limb-scan instrument that will measure the thermospheric winds (200 to 300 km) by recording wind-induced Doppler shift in the O 630-nm airglow emission day and night.
282   Yizengaw, Endawoke, et al.   Understanding the Unique Equatorial Electrodynamics in the African Sector   Proposes ground-based scientific instrument arrays in the African sector, a region that has been devoid of ground-based instrumentation for space science, in order to address the physics behind the unique equatorial ionospheric irregularities and bubbles often observed.
283   Zank, G.P., and J.R. Jokipii   A White Paper Advocating a Heliophysics Theory Mission   Recommends a major theory program that has the status of a mission.
284   Zank, G.P.   Role of the National Science Foundation ATM/GEO Directorate in Promoting and Supporting Space Physics   Recommends that the NSF Division of Atmospheric Sciences (ATM) Geosciences Directorate (GEO) not limit funding of heliospheric research to within 1 AU.
285   Zhang, Shunrong, et al.   Understanding Upper Atmospheric Climate and Change   Details the effects that the changes in Earth’s upper atmosphere, thermospheric density, and ionospheric electron density will have on human activities.
286   Zhang, Yongliang, and L.J. Paxton   Partition and Variability of the Magnetospheric Energy Input into the Polar Ionosphere   Addresses questions on partition and variability of the magnetospheric energy input to the polar ionosphere, its dissipation, and its relation to the solar wind condition with multisatellite and ground-chain measurements.
Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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RFI Response Number   First Author   Response Title   Summary Description

 

287   Zhou, Xiaoyan, et al.   Dayside Aurora and Auroral Conjugacy   Discusses the scientific significance of dayside and conjugate auroras that have less ambiguity in the connection to their causes.
288   Zhu, Ping   Meso Scale Transients in Magnetotail and Their Roles in Substorm Dynamics   Proposes to systematically investigate meso-scale transients in the magnetotail, which may play key roles in mediating and regulating the transition process from the late substorm growth phase to the beginning of onset expansion.

 

Suggested Citation:"Appendix I: List of Responses to Request for Information." National Research Council. 2013. Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13060.
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Solar and Space Physics: A Science for a Technological Society Get This Book
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From the interior of the Sun, to the upper atmosphere and near-space environment of Earth, and outward to a region far beyond Pluto where the Sun's influence wanes, advances during the past decade in space physics and solar physics—the disciplines NASA refers to as heliophysics—have yielded spectacular insights into the phenomena that affect our home in space.

Solar and Space Physics, from the National Research Council's (NRC's) Committee for a Decadal Strategy in Solar and Space Physics, is the second NRC decadal survey in heliophysics. Building on the research accomplishments realized during the past decade, the report presents a program of basic and applied research for the period 2013-2022 that will improve scientific understanding of the mechanisms that drive the Sun's activity and the fundamental physical processes underlying near-Earth plasma dynamics, determine the physical interactions of Earth's atmospheric layers in the context of the connected Sun-Earth system, and enhance greatly the capability to provide realistic and specific forecasts of Earth's space environment that will better serve the needs of society.

Although the recommended program is directed primarily at NASA and the National Science Foundation for action, the report also recommends actions by other federal agencies, especially the parts of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration charged with the day-to-day (operational) forecast of space weather. In addition to the recommendations included in this summary, related recommendations are presented in this report.

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