An Evaluation of the Food Safety Requirements of the Federal Purchase Ground Beef Program
NATIONAL RESEARCH COUNCIL
OF THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES PRESS
Washington, DC
www.nap.edu
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NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Governing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate balance.
This study was funded by the U.S. Department of Agriculture Food Safety and Inspection Service, Contract No. AG-3A94-C-08-0018/ AG-3A94-D-10-0082. Any opinions, findings, conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the authors and do not necessarily reflect the views of the organizations or agencies that provided support for the project.
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Suggested Citation: National Research Council. 2010. An Evaluation of the Food Safety Requirements of the Federal Purchase Ground Beef Program. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press.
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THE NATIONAL ACADEMIES
Advisers to the Nation on Science, Engineering, and Medicine
The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare. Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and technical matters. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone is president of the National Academy of Sciences.
The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engineers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members, sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineering programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research, and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. Charles M. Vest is president of the National Academy of Engineering.
The Institute of Medicine was established in 1970 by the National Academy of Sciences to secure the services of eminent members of appropriate professions in the examination of policy matters pertaining to the health of the public. The Institute acts under the responsibility given to the National Academy of Sciences by its congressional charter to be an adviser to the federal government and, upon its own initiative, to identify issues of medical care, research, and education. Dr. Harvey V. Fineberg is president of the Institute of Medicine.
The National Research Council was organized by the National Academy of Sciences in 1916 to associate the broad community of science and technology with the Academy’s purposes of furthering knowledge and advising the federal government. Functioning in accordance with general policies determined by the Academy, the Council has become the principal operating agency of both the National Academy of Sciences and the National Academy of Engineering in providing services to the government, the public, and the scientific and engineering communities. The Council is administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Ralph J. Cicerone and Dr. Charles M. Vest are chair and vice chair, respectively, of the National Research Council.
COMMITTEE ON AN EVALUATION OF THE FOOD SAFETY REQUIREMENTS OF THE FEDERAL PURCHASE GROUND BEEF PROGRAM
GARY R. ACUFF (Chair),
Texas A&M University, College Station
WILLIAM K. HALLMAN,
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick
KERRI B. HARRIS,
Texas A&M University, College Station
CRAIG W. HEDBERG,
University of Minnesota, Minneapolis
GUY H. LONERAGAN,
Texas Tech University, Lubbock
JULIANA RUZANTE,
University of Maryland, College Park
DONALD W. SCHAFFNER,
Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick
JOHN N. SOFOS,
Colorado State University, Fort Collins
JOHN G. SURAK,
Surak and Associates, Clemson, South Carolina
KATHERINE M.J. SWANSON,
Ecolab, Inc., Eagan, Minnesota
MARTIN WIEDMANN,
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
Project Staff
CAMILLA Y. ABLES, Study Director
AUSTIN LEWIS, Study Director
KAMWETI MUTU, Research Associate
ROBIN A. SCHOEN, Director,
Board on Agriculture and Natural Resources
KAREN L. IMHOF, Administrative Coordinator
NORMAN GROSSBLATT, Senior Editor
BOARD ON AGRICULTURE AND NATURAL RESOURCES
NORMAN R. SCOTT (Chair),
Cornell University, Ithaca, New York
PEGGY F. BARLETT,
Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
HAROLD L. BERGMANN,
University of Wyoming, Laramie
RICHARD A. DIXON,
Samuel Roberts Noble Foundation, Ardmore, Oklahoma
DANIEL M. DOOLEY,
University of California, Oakland
JOAN H. EISEMANN,
North Carolina State University, Raleigh
GARY F. HARTNELL,
Monsanto Company, St. Louis, Missouri
GENE HUGOSON,
Minnesota Department of Agriculture, St. Paul
KIRK C. KLASING,
University of California, Davis
VICTOR L. LECHTENBERG,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
PHILIP E. NELSON,
Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana
KEITH PITTS,
Marrone Bio Innovations, Davis, California
CHARLES W. RICE,
Kansas State University, Manhattan
HAL SALWASSER,
Oregon State University, Corvallis
PEDRO A. SANCHEZ,
The Earth Institute, Columbia University, Palisades, New York
ROGER A. SEDJO,
Resources for the Future, Washington, DC
KATHLEEN SEGERSON,
University of Connecticut, Storrs
MERCEDES VAZQUEZ-AÑON,
Novus International, Inc., St. Charles, Missouri
Staff
ROBIN A. SCHOEN, Director
KAREN L. IMHOF, Administrative Coordinator
AUSTIN J. LEWIS, Senior Program Officer
EVONNE P.Y. TANG, Senior Program Officer
PEGGY TSAI, Program Officer
CAMILLA YANDOC ABLES, Associate Program Officer
KARA N. LANEY, Associate Program Officer
RUTH S. ARIETI, Research Associate
JANET M. MULLIGAN, Research Associate
KAMWETI MUTU, Research Associate
KATI REIMER, Program Assistant
Acknowledgments
This report has been reviewed in draft form by persons chosen for their diverse perspectives and technical expertise in accordance with procedures approved by the National Research Council Report Review Committee. The purpose of the independent review is to provide candid and critical comments that will assist the institution in making its published report as sound as possible and to ensure that the report meets institutional standards of objectivity, evidence, and responsiveness to the study charge. The review comments and draft manuscript remain confidential to protect the integrity of the deliberative process. We wish to thank the following for their review of the report:
Robert L. Buchanan, University of Maryland
James S. Dickson, Iowa State University
Julie A. Funk, Michigan State University
Robert Michael Hoekstra, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
Jill Hollingsworth, Food Marketing Institute
Scott E. Holmes, Lincoln-Lancaster County Health Department
H. Scott Hurd, Iowa State University
Douglas A. Powell, Kansas State University
Michelle L. Rossman, National Cattlemen’s Beef Association
Angela L. Siemens, Cargill, Inc.
Although the reviewers listed above have provided many constructive comments and suggestions, they were not asked to endorse the conclusions or recommendations, nor did they see the final draft of the report before its release. The review of the report was overseen by Drs. Kristine M. Gebbie, City University of New York, and Michael P. Doyle, University of Georgia. Appointed by the National Research Council, they were responsible for making certain that an independent examination of the report was carried out in accordance with institutional procedures and that all review comments were carefully considered. Responsibility for the final content of the report rests with the author committee and the institution.
Contents
List of Tables and Figures
TABLES
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1 |
Microbiological Specifications of Various Companies A Through X and Upper Specification and Critical Limits of the AMS, |
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2 |
Relationship between the Number of Units Sampled and the Portion of the Lot that Contains the Pathogen for 95% Confidence in Detection, |
FIGURES
