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OCR for page 109
Appendix B
IllustratIve example of Impact fee
calculatIon for expansIon of mIlItary Bases
c alculating impact fees for increases in military base personnel requires
a number of steps that are similar to calculating impact fees for any
new development. The process requires using a travel forecasting model
to analyze the current and future volume of traffic on the area’s roads.
Estimating the traffic effects of any proposed development can
produce considerable technical debate. Most cities and all major metro-
politan planning organizations in the country maintain a regional travel
demand model that is certified by the U.S. Environmental Protection
Agency for estimating the effect on air quality and other impacts. These
models are based on what is known as the four-step process involving
trip generation, trip distribution, mode share, and assignment.
In most urban areas, some roads are congested. As growth occurs,
more roads become congested. A common measure of congestion is the
ratio of traffic volume to the capacity of the roads (the V/C ratio). The
volume is the number of trips on the road, and the capacity is the num-
ber of trips the road is designed to accommodate.
The design capacity corresponds to a specific service standard.
When the volume is significantly less than the capacity, traffic flows
freely, and the V/C ratio is low. When a road becomes congested, the vol-
ume is close to (or exceeds) the capacity and the V/C ratio is high. A ratio
of 0.75 is considered moderate; a ratio of 1.0 is the threshold at which
the road “fails.” Each urban area can establish threshold criteria for when
a V/C ratio is unacceptable.
To identify the need for additional road capacity to serve military
growth, trips are assigned to the road network, with a detailed list of
current and future V/C ratios for significant arterial and collector roads
in the urban area. The current ratios form a baseline to identify exist-
ing deficiencies (these existing deficiencies cannot be corrected by new
impact fees). The future ratios identify which roads will become con-
gested as a result of future growth and are therefore eligible to be funded
by impact fees.
There are four possible combinations of current and future V/C ratios
for trips on existing roads, as shown in the four outcomes listed in Table B-1.
Any road segments that have Outcome 1 or 3 were excluded from consider-
ation for impact fees. Any road segments with Outcome 2 were included in
the list of roads eligible for impact fees. Any road segments with Outcome 4
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federal fundIng of transportatIon Improvements In Brac cases
taBle B-1 road congestion analysis outcomes
Current and Future Traffic Eligibility for Impact Fees
No improvement is needed; therefore,
1. Current V/C is acceptable, and
no costs are eligible for impact fees.
future V/C will be acceptable.
Improvement is needed only because
2. Current V/C is acceptable, but
of traffic growth due to the base;
future V/C will be congested.
therefore, the entire improvement is
eligible for impact fees.
Improvement is needed for current
3. Current V/C is congested, but
deficiency, or future traffic uses
future V/C will be acceptable.
other roads; therefore, no costs are
eligible for impact fees.
Improvement is needed for both
4. Current V/C is congested, and
current deficiency (the road is
future V/C will be more
already congested) and future
congested.
growth due to the base; therefore,
only the growth portion of the
project is eligible for impact fees.
were further analyzed to determine the portion of their costs that are
attributable to existing deficiencies (not eligible for impact fees) and the
portion of their costs that are attributable to future growth and therefore
eligible for impact fees.
The cost of a project is calculated based on the need to upgrade the
various facilities to the desired level of service, whether for roads or transit.
The projects are analyzed to identify capital costs attributable to
the military base expansion versus those attributable to traffic growth
due to existing development. The project costs are apportioned between
existing development and new base development. The costs are adjusted
to reflect other sources of revenue paid by the military base.
The total fee to be paid by the military base is the sum of its share
of the various transportation projects needed to return the transportation
system to the desired level of service.
resources
Henderson, Young & Company. 2007. Rate Study for Impact Fees for Roads—City of
Puyallup, Washington. Henderson, Young & Company, Redmond, Wash. Nov. 8.
U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Mobile District. 2007. Environmental Impact
Statement for Implementation of 2005 Base Realignment and Closure (BRAC)
Recommendations and Related Army Actions at Fort Belvoir, Virginia. U.S. Army
Corps of Engineers, Fairfax, Va. June.
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