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Appendix B
Best Management Practices and
Load Reduction Efficiencies Used
in the Watershed Model
187
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188 NUTRIENT AND SEDIMENT REDUCTION GOALS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY
TABLE B-1 Best Management Practices and Load Reduction Efficiencies
Used in the Watershed Model
Non-Point Source Best Management Practices and Efficiencies Currently Used in
Scenario Builder (Values in parentheses are in progress of official approval)
Agricultural BMPs How Credited
Nutrient management Land-use change
Forest buffers (varies by region Efficiency, Land-use change
Wetland restoration (varies by region) Efficiency
Land retirement Land-use change
Grass buffers (varies by region) Efficiency, Land-use change
Non-urban stream restoration Mass reduction/length
Tree planting Land-use change
Carbon sequestration/alternative crops Land-use change
Conservation tillage Land-use change
Continuous no-till (varies by region) Efficiency
Enhanced nutrient management Efficiency
Decision agriculture Efficiency
High-till Efficiency
Low-till Efficiency
Conservation plans
All hay Efficiency
Pasture Efficiency
Cover crops Efficiency
Commodity cover crops Efficiency
Stream access control with fencing Land-use change
Alternative watering facility Efficiency
Prescribed grazing/PIRG Efficiency
Horse pasture management Efficiency
Animal waste management livestock Efficiency
Animal waste management poultry Efficiency
Barnyard runoff control Efficiency
Loafing lot management Efficiency
Mortality composters Efficiency
Water control structures Efficiency
Poultry phytase Application reduction
Swine phytase Application reduction
Dairy precision feeding and forage management Application reduction
Poultry litter transport Application reduction
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189
APPENDIX B
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
N/A N/A N/A
19-65% 30-45% 40-60%
7-25% 12-50% 4-15%
N/A N/A N/A
13-46% 30-45% 40-60%
0.02 lb/ft 0.003 lb/ft 2 lb/ft
N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A
(10-15%) (20-40%) (70%)
(7%) (N/A) (N/A)
(4%) (N/A) (N/A)
8% 15% 25%
3% 5% 8%
3% 5% 8%
5% 10% 14%
Varies Varies Varies
Varies Varies Varies
N/A N/A N/A
5% 8% 10%
9% 24% 30%
N/A 20% 40%
75% 75% N/A
75% 75% N/A
20% 20% 40%
20% 20% 40%
40% 10% N/A
33% N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A
Continued
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190 NUTRIENT AND SEDIMENT REDUCTION GOALS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY
TABLE B-1 Continued
Agricultural BMPs How Credited
Ammonia emissions reduction (interim) Application reduction
Poultry litter injection (interim) Efficiency
Liquid manure injection (interim) Efficiency
Phosphorus sorbing materials in ditches (interim) Efficiency
Resource BMPs How redited
Forest harvesting practices Efficiency
Dirt & gravel road erosion & sediment control— Mass reduction/length
Driving surface aggregate + raising the roadbed
Dirt & gravel road erosion & sediment control— Mass reduction/length
with outlets
Dirt & gravel road erosion & sediment control— Mass reduction/length
outlets only
Urban BMPs How credited
Forest conservation Land-use change
Urban growth reduction Land-use change
Impervious urban surface reduction Land-use change
Forest buffers Efficiency, land-use change
Tree planting Land-use change
Abandoned mine reclamation Land-use change
Wet ponds and wetlands Efficiency
Dry detention ponds and hydrodynamic structures Efficiency
Dry extended detention ponds Efficiency
Infiltration practices w/o sand, vegetation Efficiency
Infiltration practices w/ sand, vegetation Efficiency
Filtering practices Efficiency
Erosion and sediment control Efficiency
Nutrient management Efficiency
Street sweeping Efficiency
Urban stream restoration Load reduction/length
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191
APPENDIX B
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
15-60% N/A N/A
25% 0% 0%
25% 0% 0%
40% 0% 0%
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
50% 60% 60%
0 0 2.96 lb/ft
0 0 3.6 lb/ft
0 0 1.76 lb/ft
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A
25% 50% 50%
N/A N/A N/A
N/A N/A N/A
20% 45% 60%
5% 10% 10%
20% 20% 60%
80% 85% 95%
85% 85% 95%
40% 60% 80%
25% 40% 40%
17% 22% N/A
3% 3% 9%
0.02 lb/ft 0.003 lb/ft 2 lb/ft
Continued
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192 NUTRIENT AND SEDIMENT REDUCTION GOALS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY
TABLE B-1 Continued
Urban BMPs How Credited
Septic connections Systems change
Septic denitrification Efficiency
Septic pumping Efficiency
C/D soils, underdrain Efficiency
Bioretention A/B soils, underdrain Efficiency
A/B soils, no underdrain Efficiency
Vegetated open channels C/D soils, no underdrain Efficiency
A/B soils, no underdrain Efficiency
Bioswale Efficiency
Permeable pavement w/o sand, C/D soils, underdrain Efficiency
vegetation A/B soils, underdrain Efficiency
A/B soils, no underdrain Efficiency
Permeable pavement w/ sand, C/D soils, underdrain Efficiency
vegetation A/B soils, underdrain Efficiency
A/B soils, no underdrain Efficiency
BMPs Hydrogeomorphic region(s)
Forest buffers Appalachian plateau siliciclastic non-tidal
Blue Ridge non-tidal; mesozoic lowlands non-
tidal; valley and ridge carbonate non-tidal
Coastal plain dissected uplands non-tidal
Coastal plain dissected uplands tidal; coastal
plain lowlands tidal; coastal plain uplands
tidal; Piedmont crystalline tidal
Coastal plain lowlands non-tidal
Piedmont crystalline non-tidal
Coastal plain uplands non-tidal
Piedmont carbonate non-tidal
Valley and ridge siliciclastic non-tidal
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193
APPENDIX B
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
N/A N/A N/A
50% N/A N/A
5% N/A N/A
25% 45% 55%
70% 75% 80%
80% 85% 90%
10% 10% 50%
45% 45% 70%
70% 75% 80%
10% 20% 55%
45% 50% 70%
75% 80% 85%
20% 20% 55%
50% 50% 70%
80% 80% 85%
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
54% 42% 56%
34% 30% 40%
65% 42% 56%
19% 45% 60%
56% 39% 52%
56% 42% 56%
31% 45% 60%
46% 36% 48%
46% 39% 52%
Continued
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194 NUTRIENT AND SEDIMENT REDUCTION GOALS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY
TABLE B-1 Continued
BMPs Hydrogeomorphic region(s)
Grass buffers Appalachian plateau siliciclastic non-tidal
Blue Ridge non-tidal; mesozoic lowlands non-
tidal; valley and ridge carbonate non-tidal
Coastal plain dissected uplands non-tidal
Coastal plain dissected uplands tidal; coastal
plain lowlands tidal; coastal plain uplands
tidal; Piedmont crystalline tidal
Coastal plain lowlands non-tidal
Piedmont crystalline non-tidal
Coastal plain uplands non-tidal
Piedmont carbonate non-tidal
Valley and ridge siliciclastic non-tidal
Wetland restoration Appalachian plateau siliciclastic non-tidal
(ag and urban) Coastal plain dissected uplands non-tidal;
coastal plain dissected uplands tidal;
coastal plain lowlands tidal; coastal plain
uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands non-
tidal; coastal plains uplands non-tidal
Blue Ridge non-tidal; Mesozoic lowlands
non-tidal; valley and ridge carbonate non-
tidal; Piedmont crystalline tidal; Piedmont
crystalline non-tidal; Piedmont carbonate
non-tidal
Continuous no-till Coastal plain dissected uplands non-tidal;
coastal plain dissected uplands tidal;
coastal plain lowlands tidal; coastal plain
uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands non-
tidal; coastal plains uplands non-tidal
Appalachian plateau siliciclastic non-tidal;
Blue Ridge non-tidal; Mesozoic lowlands
non-tidal; valley and ridge carbonate non-
tidal; Piedmont crystalline tidal; Piedmont
crystalline non-tidal; Piedmont carbonate
non-tidal; valley and ridge siliciclastic
non-tidal
Cover crop early drilled rye Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
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195
APPENDIX B
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
38% 42% 56%
24% 30% 40%
46% 42% 56%
13% 45% 60%
39% 39% 52%
39% 42% 56%
21% 45% 60%
32% 36% 48%
32% 39% 52%
7% 12% 4%
25% 50% 15%
14% 26% 8%
10% 20% 70%
15% 40% 70%
45% 15% 20%
34% 15% 20%
Continued
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196 NUTRIENT AND SEDIMENT REDUCTION GOALS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY
TABLE B-1 Continued
BMPs Hydrogeomorphic region(s)
Cover crop early other rye Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop early aerial soy rye Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop early aerial corn rye Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop standard drilled rye Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop standard other rye Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop late drilled rye Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop late other rye Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop early drilled wheat Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop early other wheat Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
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197
APPENDIX B
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
38% 15% 20%
29% 15% 20%
31% 15% 20%
24% 15% 20%
18% 15% 20%
14% 15% 20%
41% 7% 10%
31% 7% 10%
35% 7% 10%
27% 7% 10%
19% N/A N/A
15% N/A N/A
16% N/A N/A
12% N/A N/A
31% 15% 20%
24% 15% 20%
27% 15% 20%
20% 15% 20%
Continued
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198 NUTRIENT AND SEDIMENT REDUCTION GOALS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY
TABLE B-1 Continued
BMPs Hydrogeomorphic region(s)
Cover crop early aerial soy wheat Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop early aerial corn wheat Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop standard drilled wheat Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop standard other wheat Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop late drilled wheat Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop late other wheat Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop early drilled barley Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop early other barley Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop early aerial soy barley Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
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199
APPENDIX B
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
22% 15% 20%
17% 15% 20%
12% 15% 20%
10% 15% 20%
29% 7% 10%
22% 7% 10%
24% 7% 10%
18% 7% 10%
13% N/A N/A
10% N/A N/A
11% N/A N/A
9% N/A N/A
38% 20% 20%
29% 20% 20%
32% 15% 20%
25% 15% 20%
27% 15% 20%
20% 15% 20%
Continued
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200 NUTRIENT AND SEDIMENT REDUCTION GOALS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY
TABLE B-1 Continued
BMPs Hydrogeomorphic region(s)
Cover crop early aerial corn barley Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop standard drilled barley Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Cover crop standard other barley Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
(low-till gets only TN efficiency) settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Commodity cover crop early drill wheat Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Commodity cover crop early other wheat Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Commodity cover crop early aerial Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
soy wheat settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Commodity cover crop early aerial corn Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
wheat settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Commodity cover crop Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
standard drill wheat settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Commodity cover crop Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
standard other wheat settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
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201
APPENDIX B
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
15% 15% 20%
12% 15% 20%
29% 7% 10%
22% 7% 10%
24% 7% 10%
19% 7% 10%
17% N/A N/A
15% N/A N/A
12% N/A N/A
7% N/A N/A
15% N/A N/A
12% N/A N/A
7% N/A N/A
6% N/A N/A
15% N/A N/A
11% N/A N/A
12% N/A N/A
7% N/A N/A
Continued
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202 NUTRIENT AND SEDIMENT REDUCTION GOALS IN THE CHESAPEAKE BAY
TABLE B-1 Continued
BMPs Hydrogeomorphic region(s)
Commodity cover crop Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
late drill wheat settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Commodity cover crop Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
late other wheat settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Commodity cover crop Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
early drill barley settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Commodity cover crop Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
early aerial soy barley settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Commodity cover crop Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
early aerial corn barley settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Commodity cover crop Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
standard drill barley settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Commodity cover crop Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
standard other barley settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Commodity cover crop Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
standard other rye settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
Commodity cover crop Coastal plain/Piedmont crystalline/karst
early other barley settings*
Mesozoic lowlands/valley and ridge
siliciclastic**
*Coastal plain dissected uplands non-tidal; coast plain dissected uplands tidal; coastal plain
lowlands tidal; coastal plain uplands tidal; coastal plain lowlands non-tidal; coastal plain
uplands non-tidal; valley and ridge carbonate non-tidal; Piedmont carbonate non-tidal.
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203
APPENDIX B
TN TP SED
Reduction Reduction Reduction
Efficiency Efficiency Efficiency
7% N/A N/A
6% N/A N/A
13% N/A N/A
11% N/A N/A
9% N/A N/A
6% N/A N/A
6% N/A N/A
5% N/A N/A
13% N/A N/A
11% N/A N/A
15% N/A N/A
11% N/A N/A
12% N/A N/A
10% N/A N/A
18% N/A N/A
14% N/A N/A
15% N/A N/A
11% N/A N/A
**Appalachian Plateau siliciclastic non-tidal; Mesozoic lowlands non-tidal; Piedmont crystal-
line tidal; Piedmont crystalline non-tidal; valley and ridge siliciclastic non-tidal; Blue Ridge
non-tidal.
SOURCE: http://archive.chesapeakebay.net/pubs/NPS_BMP_Table1.8.pdf
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