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The following HTML text is provided to enhance online readability. Many aspects of typography translate only awkwardly to HTML. Please use the page image as the authoritative form to ensure accuracy. Natural vs manmade causes Nonhuman impacts Number of people affected Occupational vs nonoccupational exposure Personal awareness of risk or danger Personal experience and knowledge Personal influence or responsibility Possibility of error Preventable Probability or frequency of adverse events or effects Recurrence Reversibility of effects Severity of effect (for example, major vs minor, large vs small, fatal vs survivable, painful vs painless) Size of the population at risk Spatial distribution of risks Speed with which adverse events occur Transgenerational effects Voluntariness REFERENCESHohenemser, C., R.W. Kates, and P. Slovic. 1983. The nature of technological hazard. Science 220 (4495):378-384. Jenni, K.E. 1997. Attributes for Risk Evaluation. Ph.D. Dissertation, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA. Litai, D., D. Lanning, and N. Rasmussen. 1983. The public perception of risk. Pp. 213-224 in The Analysis of Actual Versus Perceived Risks , V. Covello, W. Flamm, J. Rodericks and R. Tardiff, eds. New York: Plenum Press. Lowrance, W.W. 1976. Of Acceptable Risk: Science and the Determination of Safety. Los Altos, CA: W. Kaufmann. Rowe, W.D. 1977. An Anatomy of Risk. New York: Wiley. Slovic, P., B. Fischhoff, and S. Lichtenstein. 1984. Behavioral decision theory perspectives on risk and safety. Acta Psychologica 56:183-203. Vlek, C. and P.J. Stallen. 1980. Rational and personal aspects of risk. Acta Psychologica 45:273-300.
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