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Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking (2011)

Chapter: Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff

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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
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B


Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff

B.1 COMMITTEE

Marcia C. Linn (Chair) is a professor specializing in education in mathematics, science, and technology in the Graduate School of Education at the University of California, Berkeley. She directs the National Science Foundation-funded Technology-Enhanced Learning in Science (TELS) center. She is a member of the National Academy of Education and a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, the American Psychological Association, and the Center for Advanced Study in Behavioral Sciences. Her board service includes the American Association for the Advancement of Science board, the Graduate Record Examination Board of the Educational Testing Service, the McDonnell Foundation Cognitive Studies in Education Practice Board, and the Education and Human Resources Directorate at the National Science Foundation. Linn earned a B.A. in psychology and statistics, and a Ph.D. in educational psychology from Stanford University.

Alfred V. Aho (NAE) is the Lawrence Gussman Professor of Computer Science and vice chair of undergraduate education for the Computer Science Department at Columbia University. Previously, he conducted research at Bell Laboratories from 1963 to 1991, and again from 1997 to 2002 as vice president of the Computing Sciences Research Center. Aho’s current research interests include quantum computing, programming languages, compilers, and algorithms. He is part of the Language and Compilers research group at Columbia. He is widely known for his devel-

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

opment of the AWK programming language with Peter J. Weinberger and Brian Kernighan (the “A” stands for “Aho”) and for his co-authorship of Compilers: Principles, Techniques, and Tools (the “Dragon book”) with Ravi Sethi and Jeffrey Ullman. He wrote the initial versions of the Unix tools egrep and fgrep. He is also a co-author (along with Jeffrey Ullman and John Hopcroft) of a number of widely used textbooks on several areas of computer science, including algorithms and data structures, and the foundations of computer science. He is a past president of ACM’s Special Interest Group on Algorithms and Computability Theory. Aho has chaired the Advisory Committee for the Computer and Information Sciences Directorate of the National Science Foundation. He has received many prestigious honors, including the IEEE’s John von Neumann Medal and membership in the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. Aho was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1999 for contributions to the fields of algorithms and programming tools. He earned his B.A.Sc. in engineering physics from the University of Toronto and his Ph.D. in electrical engineering and computer science from Princeton University.

M. Brian Blake is a professor of computer science and associate dean of engineering at the University of Notre Dame. His research interests include the investigation of automated approaches to sharing information and software capabilities across organization boundaries, sometimes referred to as enterprise integration. His investigations cover the spectrum of software engineering: design, specification, proof of correctness, implementation/experimentation, performance evaluation, and application. Blake’s long-term vision is the creation of adaptable software entities or software agents that can be deployed on the Internet and, using existing resources, manage the creation of new processes, sometimes referred to as interorganizational workflow. He has several ongoing projects that make incremental progress toward this long-term vision. In addition, he conducts experimentation in the areas of software engineering education and software process and improvement to determine the most effective methods for training students and professionals to develop module systems that by nature are distributed. Blake has consulted for such companies as General Electric, Lockheed Martin, General Dynamics, and the MITRE Corporation. He has published more than 95 refereed journal papers and conference proceedings in the areas of service-oriented computing, agents and workflow, enterprise integration, component-based software engineering, distributed data management, and software engineering education. Blake’s work has been funded by the Federal Aviation Administration, the MITRE Corporation, the National Science Foundation, DARPA, the Air Force Research Laboratory, SAIC, and the National Institutes of Health. He earned his bachelor’s in electrical engineering and

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

doctorate in information technology and computer science from George Mason University.

Robert Constable is the dean of the Faculty of Computing and Information Science at Cornell University. Formerly he was the chair of the Computer Science Department for 6 years. He also heads a research group in automated reasoning and formal methods in the Computer Science Department, where he is a professor. Constable is a graduate of Princeton University, where he earned his A.B. in mathematics and worked with Alonzo Church, one of the pioneers of computer science. He did his M.A. and Ph.D. work at the University of Wisconsin with Stephen Cole Kleene, a Ph.D. student of Church and another pioneer of computer science. Constable joined the Cornell University faculty in 1968. He has supervised more than 43 Ph.D. students in computer science. He is known for work in connecting programs and mathematical proofs that has led to new ways of automating the production of reliable software. This work is known by the slogan “proofs as programs,” and it is embodied in the Nuprl (“new pearl”) theorem prover. He has written three books on this topic as well as numerous research articles. Since 1980 he has headed a project that uses Nuprl to design and verify software systems, instances of which are still operational in industry and science. Currently he is working on extending this programming method to concurrent processes, realizing the notion of “proofs as processes.” In 1999 he became the first dean of the Faculty of Computing and Information Science, a unit that includes the Computer Science Department, the Department of Statistical Science, the Information Science Program, and the Program in Computer Graphics. It also sponsors the undergraduate major and graduate specialty in computational biology.

Yasmin B. Kafai is a professor at the Graduate School of Education, University of Pennsylvania. In addition, she spent more than a decade on the faculty at the UCLA Graduate School of Education and Information Studies. As a learning scientist, she has researched and developed media-rich software tools and environments, most recently Scratch, together with researchers at the MIT Media Lab, that support youth in schools and community centers in becoming designers of games, simulations, and virtual worlds. As part of her policy initiatives, she wrote Under the Microscope: A Decade of Gender Equity Interventions in the Sciences (2004) and participated in the national commission that produced the report Tech-Savvy Girls: Educating Girls in the Computer Age (2000) for the American Association of University Women. She also briefed the committee that prepared the National Research Council report Being Fluent with Information Technology (National Academy Press, Washington, D.C., 1999). She

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

received her hauptdiplom in psychology from the Technical University of Berlin in Germany and her D.E.U.G. in psychology from the Université de Haute Bretagne II in France. While conducting research at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology Media Laboratory, she received her Ed.D. in human development and psychology from Harvard University.

Janet L. Kolodner is a Regents’ Professor in the School of Interactive Computing at Georgia Institute of Technology. Her research over the past 30 years has addressed a wide variety of issues in learning, memory, and problem solving, both in computers and in people. During the 1980s, she pioneered the computer method called case-based reasoning, which allows a computer to reason and learn from its experiences. The first case-based design aids (CBDA), such as Archie 2 for architecture, came from her lab. During the early 1990s, she used the cognitive model implied by case-based reasoning to address issues in creative design with the development of programs like JULIA (planned meals), Creative JULIA (planned meals with leftovers), IMPROVISOR (simple mechanical design), and ALEC (simulated Alexander Graham Bell’s invention of the telephone). Later in the 1990s, she used the cognitive model in case-based reasoning to guide the design of a science curriculum for middle school. Learning by Design™ is a design-based learning approach and an inquiry-oriented project-based approach to science learning that has children learn science from their design experiences. Learning by Design curriculum units and embedded sequencing structures were integrated into a full 3-year middle-school science curriculum called Project-Based Inquiry Science Digging-In (It’s About Time) and published in 2009.

Most recently, Kolodner’s research uses what she learned in designing Learning by Design to create informal learning environments to help middle schoolers come to think of themselves as competent scientific reasoners through Kitchen Science Investigators (science in cooking), and Hovering Around (motion, airflow, and design of hovercrafts). Kolodner is the founding editor in chief of the Journal of the Learning Sciences and is a founder and first executive officer of the International Society for the Learning Sciences. She has headed up the Cognitive Science Program at Georgia Tech and headed an organization called EduTech in the mid-1990s whose mission was to use what we know about cognition to design educational software and integrate it appropriately into educational environments. She has a B.S. from Brandeis University in math and computer science and an M.S. and a Ph.D. in computer science from Yale University.

Lawrence Snyder is a professor of computer science and engineering at the University of Washington in Seattle (UW). Snyder’s research has focused on parallel computation, including architecture, algorithms, and

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

languages. He has served on the faculties of Yale and Purdue Universities and has had visiting appointments at UW, Harvard, MIT, Sydney University, the Swiss Technological University, the University of Auckland, and Kyoto University. In 1980 he invented programmable interconnect, a method to dynamically configure on-chip components, and a technology used today for field-programmable gate arrays. In 1990 he was co-designer of Chaos Router, a randomizing adaptive packet router. He was the principal investigator of the ZPL language design project, the first high-level parallel language to achieve “performance portability” across all parallel computer platforms. Snyder is the author of Fluency with Information Technology: Skills, Concepts and Capabilities, a textbook for non-techie college freshmen that teaches fundamental computing concepts; the book is in its third edition. With former Ph.D. student Calvin Lin (University of Texas, Austin), he has written Principles of Parallel Programming, published in 2008. Snyder was a three-term member of the Computer Research Association Board of Directors, developing a series of best-practice white papers. He chaired the NSF CISE Advisory Board as well as several CISE directorate oversight panels and numerous review panels. The two National Research Council studies that he has chaired produced influential reports—Academic Careers for Experimental Computer Scientists and Engineers (1994) and Being Fluent with Information Technology (1999). He served three terms on the NRC’s Army Research Laboratory Technical Advisory Board. He serves on ACM’s Education Board, has been general chair or program committee chair of several ACM and IEEE conferences, and he is a fellow of both the ACM and the IEEE. He received a B.A. from the University of Iowa in mathematics and economics and his Ph.D. from Carnegie Mellon University in computer science as a student of A. Nico Habermann.

Uri Wilensky is a professor of learning sciences and computer science at Northwestern University and holds appointments in the cognitive science program and in complex systems. He is the founder and current director of the Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling and also a founder and member of the governing board of the Northwestern Institute on Complex Systems (NICO). His most recent projects focus on developing tools that enable users (both researchers and learners) to simulate, explore, and make sense of complex systems. His NetLogo agent-based modeling software is in widespread use worldwide. Prior to coming to Northwestern, he taught at Tufts University and MIT and was a research scientist at Thinking Machines Corporation. Wilensky is a founder and an executive editor of the International Journal of Computers for Mathematical Learning. His research interests include computer-based modeling and agent-based modeling, STEM

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

education, mathematics in the context of computation, and complex systems. He is a recipient of the National Science Foundation’s Career Award as well as the Spencer Foundation’s Post-Doctoral Award. He has directed numerous NSF research projects focused on developing computer-based modeling tools and studying their use. Among these tools are multiagent modeling languages, such as StarLogoT and NetLogo; model-based curricula such as GasLab, ProbLab, NIELS, and BEAGLE Evolution; and participatory simulation toolkits such as Calc-HubNet and Computer-HubNet. The tools enable learners to explore and create simulations of complex phenomena across many domains of natural and social science and, through creating and exploring such simulations, to deepen their understanding of core scientific concepts. Many of these tools are also in use by researchers across a wide variety of domains, including the natural sciences, social sciences, business, and medicine. By providing a low-threshold language for exploring and constructing models, Wilensky hopes to promote modeling literacy—the sharing and critiquing of models in the scientific community, in education, and in the public at large. Wilensky did his undergraduate and graduate studies in mathematics, philosophy, and computer science at Brandeis and Harvard Universities and received his Ph.D. in media arts and sciences from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

B.2 WORKSHOP PARTICIPANTS

Walter Allan is medical director and consulting scientist to ScienceWorks for ME at the Foundation for Blood Research (FBR), a non-profit independent research and education institution in Scarborough, Maine. He was the first pediatric neurologist in Maine and was the director of both the Pediatric and the Adult Neurology Divisions at the Maine Medical Center, where his responsibilities included teaching medical and pediatric residents prior to coming to the FBR. His interests include the consequences of central nervous system injury in children and science education. He is the principal investigator on a National Institutes of Health Science Education Partnership Award that has developed a curriculum (BiomedicineWorks) that introduces evidence-based medicine to advanced high school biology classes and a National Science Foundation ITEST (Information Technology Experiences for Students and Teachers) grant that has developed a computer simulation-focused curriculum (EcoScienceWorks) to teach ecology and introductory computer programming in Maine’s seventh- and eighth-grade laptop-equipped classrooms.

Paulo Blikstein is an assistant professor at Stanford’s School of Education, he has a courtesy appointment in the Computer Science Department.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

His research focuses on computational literacy, low-cost educational technologies for students in low-income settings, and STEM education. His work cuts across age groups, and he has worked extensively with inner-city students in developing countries such as Brazil, Mexico, Senegal, and Costa Rica, but also with undergraduates in elite U.S. institutions. His research tries to bring the most cutting-edge computational tools to the classroom, creating environments for students to engage authentically in advanced, deep scientific inquiry. He completed his Ph.D. at the Center for Connected Learning and Computer-Based Modeling at Northwestern University, earned a B.S. in metallurgical engineering and an M.Sc. in digital systems engineering from the University of São Paulo, Brazil (1998, 2001), and obtained an M.Sc. from the MIT Media Lab (2002), where he was also a visiting scholar (2003).

Derek Briggs is chair of the Research and Evaluation Methodology Program at the University of Colorado, Boulder, where he also serves as an associate professor of quantitative methods and policy analysis. His research agenda focuses on building sound methodological approaches for the valid measurement and evaluation of growth in student achievement. Examples of his research interests in the area of educational measurement include (1) characterizing the gap between validity theory and practice in the context of high-stakes standardized testing and (2) developing and applying psychometric models to assess learning progressions. He holds a B.A. in economics from Carleton College and a Ph.D. in education from the University of California, Berkeley.

Idit Harel Caperton is a pioneer in using new-media technology for cultivating creative learning, innovation, and globalization through constructionist learning theory. She founded the World Wide Workshop in 2004 to leverage her unique blend of award-winning research, social entrepreneurship, and leadership in new-media learning projects around the world. In 2006 the foundation launched the Globaloria.org network to implement ways of using social media technology and Web 2.0 tools to teach innovative game making to and build computational creative capacities in youth worldwide. Throughout the 1980s and 1990s, Caperton conducted breakthrough research at the MIT Media Lab that led to publishing the book Constructionism with Seymour Papert. Her book Children Designers received the 1991 Outstanding Book Award from the American Educational Research Association. In 1995, she founded MaMaMedia and launched MaMaMedia.com, ConnectedFamily.com, and Papert.org. Pioneering kids’ Internet media activities, MaMaMedia established global distribution and advertising partnerships and won numerous honors,

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

including the Computerworld-Smithsonian Award (1999), the Internet industry’s coveted Global Information Infrastructure Award (1999), and the 21st-Century Achievement Award from the Computerworld Honors Program (2002). In 2002, she was honored by the Network of Educators in Science and Technology and MIT “for devotion, innovation, and imagination in science and technology on behalf of children and youth around the world.” In 2007-2008 MaMaMedia activities were reprogrammed for One Laptop per Child (OLPC). Caperton has served on numerous advisory boards (for Harvard University, MIT, CU-ATLAS, CUNY, PBSKids, TIG, MEET, and Saybot), and she has been an adviser to commercial, governmental, higher education, and not-for-profit organizations on inventing, developing, and harnessing technology and innovative programs to transform education. Caperton holds degrees from Tel Aviv University (B.A., 1982), Harvard University (Ed.M., 1984; CAS, 1985), and MIT (Ph.D., 1988).

Mike Clancy has been on the University of California, Berkeley, computer science faculty since 1977. He is an active member both of the U.S. computer science education community and of the community of researchers who study the psychology of programming. In 2009 he received the ACM SIGCSE award for lifetime contributions to computer science education. His work, in collaboration with Marcia Linn in Berkeley’s School of Education, spans a spectrum from exploration of student misconceptions through development of curriculum components and programming environment features to support integration of programming knowledge. Clancy and Linn have focused in particular on the use of case studies in programming instruction and on issues arising from teaching LISP in introductory courses. Among the results of their efforts were successful NSF grant proposals, numerous research papers, and two textbooks of case studies. More recently, Clancy has explored “lab-centric” instruction, a technique that swaps lecture and discussion time for supervised hands-on computer lab work. He and his Berkeley colleagues have developed several courses based on this approach. He currently has NSF support to build a community around lab-centric instruction. Results are promising, and research is ongoing.

Christine Cunningham is a vice president at the Museum of Science, Boston, where she oversees curricular materials development, teacher professional development, and research and evaluation efforts related to K-16 engineering and science learning and teaching. Her projects focus on making engineering and science more relevant, understandable, and accessible to everyone, especially marginalized populations such as women, underrepresented minorities, people from low socioeconomic

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

backgrounds, and people with disabilities. She is particularly interested in the ways that the teaching and learning of engineering and science can change to include and also benefit from a more diverse population. Cunningham’s projects span the elementary to college educational continuum. Principal among these is Engineering is Elementary (EiE), a project she founded in 2003. EiE is creating a research-driven, standards-based, and classroom-tested curriculum that integrates engineering and technology concepts and skills with elementary science topics. Connections are also made with literacy, social studies, and mathematics. EiE also helps elementary school educators enhance their understanding of engineering concepts and pedagogy through professional development workshops and resources. A research and assessment effort is studying how children and their educators engage with engineering concepts and skills. As the director of EiE, Cunningham is responsible for the vision, strategy, and funding for the project. She received her B.A. and M.A. in biology from Yale University and her Ph.D. in science education and curriculum instruction from Cornell University.

Jan Cuny has been a program officer at the National Science Foundation since 2004, heading the Broadening Participation in Computing Initiative. Before coming to NSF, she was a faculty member in computer science at Purdue University, the University of Massachusetts, and the University of Oregon. Cuny has been involved for many years in efforts to increase the participation of women in computing research. A longtime member of the Computing Research Association’s Committee on the Status of Women (CRA-W), she has served among other activities as a CRA-W co-chair, a mentor in its Distributed Mentoring Program, and a lead on its Academic Career Mentoring Workshop, Grad Cohort, and Cohort for Associated Professors projects. She was also a member of the advisory board for the Anita Borg Institute for Women and Technology, the leadership team of the National Center for Women in Technology, and the executive committee of the Coalition to Diversify Computing. She was program chair of the 2004 Grace Hopper Conference and the general chair of the 2006 conference. For her efforts with underserved populations, she is a recipient of one of the 2006 ACM President’s Awards and the 2007 CRA A. Nico Habermann Award. Cuny earned a B.A. in computer science from Princeton University, an M.A. from the University of Wisconsin, and a Ph.D. from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor.

Jill Denner is the associate director of research at Education, Training, Research (ETR) Associates, a non-profit organization in California. She does applied research, with a focus on increasing the number of women and underrepresented minorities in computing. She has developed

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

several after-school programs, and her research on these programs has contributed to an understanding of effective strategies for promoting youth leadership, building youth-adult partnerships, increasing girls’ confidence and capacity to produce technology, and engaging girls in information technology. Her current focus is on how students learn while creating computer games, and the development of computational thinking. As part of a long-standing commitment to bridge research and practice, her research is designed and conducted in collaboration with schools and community-based agencies. Denner has been a principal investigator on several NSF grants, written numerous peer-reviewed articles, and co-edited two books: Beyond Barbie and Mortal Kombat: New Perspectives on Gender and Gaming, published by MIT Press in 2008, and Latina Girls: Voices of Adolescent Strength in the US, published by New York University Press in 2006. She has a Ph.D. in developmental psychology from Teachers College, Columbia University, and a B.A. in psychology from the University of California, Santa Cruz.

Danny C. Edelson is vice president for education at the National Geographic Society and is executive director of the National Geographic Education Foundation. In these positions he leads the National Geographic Society’s efforts to improve public understanding of geography and related disciplines through both formal and informal education programs. Throughout his career Edelson has conducted educational research and development, with a primary focus on environmental science and geography. The products of his research and development include My World GIS, a geographic information system (GIS) designed for educational use; Investigations in Environmental Science: A Case-Based Approach to the Study of Environmental Systems, a technology-integrated high school environmental science textbook; and Earth science units for two comprehensive, middle school science programs. He has also developed professional development programs for teachers in middle school through college and has led several large-scale instructional reform efforts in urban public schools. Edelson has written extensively on motivation, classroom teaching and learning, educational technology, and teacher professional development, drawing on research conducted with colleagues and students. Prior to joining National Geographic, Edelson was a faculty member in education and computer science at Northwestern University for 13 years, where he founded and directed the Geographic Data in Education (GEODE) Initiative. He is an author on more than 50 papers in journals, edited books, and conference proceedings, including The Cambridge Handbook of the Learning Sciences, The International Handbook on Science Education, Journal of the Learning Sciences, Journal of Research on Science Teaching, and The

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

Science Teacher. Edelson received his Ph.D. in computer science (artificial intelligence) from Northwestern University and his B.S. in engineering sciences from Yale University.

Jeri Erickson is the ScienceWorks for ME outreach education coordinator at the Foundation for Blood Research. She is a genetic counselor whose interest in promoting science education and understanding led to her involvement with ScienceWorks for ME, an innovative program designed to offer scientific equipment and professional expertise to Maine’s science teachers and their students. She is the project director of both the NIH-funded high school biology curriculum project BiomedicineWorks, and the NSF-funded ITEST project, EcoScienceWorks. She has an M.S. in human genetics from Sarah Lawrence College and a B.A. in biology from Wellesley College.

Louis J. Gross is the James R. Cox Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology and Mathematics and director of the Institute for Environmental Modeling at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville. He is also director of the National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, a National Science Foundation-funded center to foster research and education at the interface between math and biology. He has been a faculty member at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, since 1979. His research focuses on applications of mathematics and computational methods in many areas of ecology, including disease ecology, landscape ecology, spatial control for natural resource management, photosynthetic dynamics, and the development of quantitative curricula for life science undergraduates. He has led the effort at the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, to develop an across-trophic-level modeling framework to assess the biotic impacts of alternative water planning for the Everglades of Florida. He has co-directed several courses and workshops in mathematical ecology at the International Centre for Theoretical Physics in Trieste, Italy, and has served as program chair of the Ecological Society of America, as president of the Society for Mathematical Biology, as president of the the University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Faculty Senate, and as chair of the National Research Council Committee on Education in Biocomplexity Research. He is the 2006 Distinguished Scientist awardee of the American Institute of Biological Sciences and is a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He currently serves on the National Research Council Board on Life Sciences and on the board of directors of the American Institute of Biological Sciences. He completed a B.S. in mathematics at Drexel University and a Ph.D. in applied mathematics at Cornell University.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

Peter Henderson is co-founder of the math thinking discussion group (www.math-in-cs.org), which advocates the importance of mathematics and mathematical reasoning in computer science and software engineering education. He retired in 2007 as the chair and founder of the Department of Computer Science and Software Engineering at Butler University, and he is currently the editor of two educational columns, “Software Engineering Education” in the ACM Special Interest Group Software Engineering Notes, and “Math CountS” in the ACM Special Interest Group on Computer Science Education InRoads. In addition, he has conducted workshops and given numerous presentations on the role of mathematics in computer science and software engineering education. Henderson has been instrumental in formulating recommendations on the mathematical needs of undergraduate computer science and software engineering programs for the Mathematical Association of America’s Committee on the Undergraduate Program in Mathematics, and he has been active at various mathematics and computer science education conferences promoting mathematical thinking. He received his B.S. and M.S. in electrical engineering from Clarkson University. He holds a Ph.D. in electrical engineering from Princeton University and taught computer science and software engineering at SUNY Stony Brook and Butler University from 1974 to 2007.

John R. Jungck is vice president of the International Union of Biological Sciences, president of the IUBS’s Commission on Biology Education, and chairperson of the U.S. National Academy of Sciences’ National Committee of the IUBS. He is the Mead Chair of the Sciences at Beloit College, the principal investigator (PI) and founder of the BioQUEST Curriculum Consortium, the PI of BEDROCK (Bioinformatics Education Dissemination: Reaching Out, Connecting, and Knitting-together), PI of the SELECTION Working Group of the National Evolutionary Synthesis Center (NESCent), and PI of a subcontract for NUMB3R5 COUNT! (Numerical Undergraduate Mathematical Biology Education). He is the editor of Biology International and is on the editorial boards of several journals, including the Bulletin of Mathematical Biology, Evolutionary Bioinformatics, and Life Science Education. Formerly, he was editor of both the American Biology Teacher and Bioscene: Journal of College Biology Teaching, was president of the Association of College and University Biology Educators, and was chairperson of the Education Committee of the Society for Mathematical Biology for 14 years. He serves on numerous boards such as for the National Electronics and Computer Technology Center (NECTEC) in Thailand, the Alan C. Wilson Center for Molecular Evolution in New Zealand, and the National Institute for Mathematical Biology Synthesis Center (NIMBioS) in the United States, and he is on the revision committee of the College Board

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

Advanced Placement Biology program. He is an international leader in biology education reform, a mathematical molecular evolutionary biologist, and a computer software developer of biological simulations, tools, and databases. His research interests include the origins of genetic codes, patterns in nature, and evolutionary analysis of complex data sets. His awards, honors, and offices include AAAS Fellow, an honorary doctorate from the University of Minnesota, American Institute of Biological Sciences Education Award, Fulbright Scholar to Chiang Mai University in Thailand, Mina Shaughnessy Scholar of the U.S. Department of Education, and a National Science Teachers Association Gustav Ohaus Award for Outstanding Innovations in College Science Teaching. Jungck earned a B.S. in biochemistry and an M.S. in genetics and microbiology from the University of Minnesota. He received his Ph.D. in evolution from the University of Miami.

Deanna Kuhn is a professor of psychology and education at Teachers College, Columbia University. She was previously a faculty member at the Harvard Graduate School of Education. She has published widely in psychology and education, in journals ranging from Psychological Review to Harvard Educational Review. She has written three major books: The Development of Scientific Thinking Skills, The Skills of Argument, and, most recently, Education for Thinking (Harvard University Press, 2005). She is editor of the journal Cognitive Development, a former editor of the journal Human Development, and co-editor of the last two editions of the Cognition volume of the Handbook of Child Psychology. In recent years, her work has focused on developing inquiry and argument curricula for middle schoolers. Her Ph.D. is from the University of California, Berkeley, in developmental psychology.

Cathy Lachapelle, director of research and evaluations for the Engineering is Elementary (EiE) project at the Museum of Science, currently leads the assessment and evaluation efforts for the EiE curriculum, designing assessment instruments, piloting and field-testing them, and conducting research on how children use the EiE materials. She has worked on a number of research and evaluation projects related to K-16 engineering education. She has worked in numerous classrooms studying children’s learning of science, mathematics, and engineering content and processes. She received her S.B. in cognitive science from MIT and her Ph.D. in psychological studies in education from Stanford University.

Joyce Malyn-Smith is strategic director of the Workforce and Human Development Program for the Education Development Center, Inc.’s Learning and Teaching Division. Her unique combination of experience

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

includes more than 10,000 contact hours as a K-12 classroom teacher and 13 years as a public school administrator responsible for curriculum and professional development in more than 30 career and technical education programs in 15 high schools. Her EDC projects help expert workers articulate their skills and knowledge and develop systems and tools to integrate these into programs and curricula for K-20. With ongoing interests in youth who are power users of technology, Malyn-Smith is a PI for NSF’s ITEST Learning Resource Center, serving more than 160 ITEST projects, and leads its working group on computational thinking. She is also a PI for the NSF-ATE IT Across Careers (I-III). She led the U.S. Education Department’s IT Career Cluster Initiative in creating the national career cluster model and curricular framework used in 49 states. She developed national voluntary skill standards for bioscience, human services, and chemical process industries and co-authored Making Skill Standards Work (U.S. Department of Labor). She led the development of scenario-based assessments for New York and rubrics for NSF’s ITAC projects and the U.S. Department of Energy’s Real World Design Challenge (2008-2010). Malyn-Smith served on the ETS International ICT Literacy Panel (Digital Transformation: A Framework for ICT Literacy). She currently serves on Certiport’s Global Digital Literacy Council and other project advisory boards. A USOE Fellow in Bilingual Education, Malyn-Smith holds a doctorate from Boston University, a master’s degree from Boston State Teacher’s College, and a B.S. from Universidad InterAmericana, Puerto Rico.

Taylor Martin joined the faculty at the University of Texas at Austin in 2003. Her primary research interest is how people learn content in complex domains from active participation, both physical and social. She is cooperating with local elementary schools to improve tools for assessing young children’s learning of mathematics and to examine how learning is affected by hands-on activities, and she is investigating the development of adaptive expertise through cooperation with the Vanderbilt–Northwestern–Texas–Harvard (VaNTH)/MIT Engineering Research Center in Bioengineering Educational Technologies. Martin received a B.A. in linguistics and an initial teaching certification from Dartmouth College in 1992, an M.S. in psychology from Vanderbilt University in 2000, and a Ph.D. in education from Stanford University in 2003.

Robert Panoff is founder and executive director of the Shodor Eduation Foundation, a non-profit education and research corporation dedicated to the reform and improvement of mathematics and science education through computational and communication technologies. As PI on several National Science Foundation (NSF) and U.S. Department of Education grants that explore interactions between technology and education, he

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

develops interactive simulation modules that combine standards, curriculum, supercomputing resources, and desktop computers. In recognition of Panoff’s efforts in college faculty enhancement and curriculum development, the Shodor Education Foundation was named as an NSF Foundation Partner for the revitalization of undergraduate education. Shodor established the Shodor Computational Science Institute, which was expanded with NSF funding to become the National Computational Science Institute. Shodor’s Computational Science Education Reference Desk was funded as a Pathway portal of the National Science Digital Library. Panoff consults at several national laboratories and is a frequent presenter at NSF workshops on visualization, supercomputing, and networking. He has served on the NSF advisory panel for the Applications of Advanced Technology program, and he is a founding partner of the NSF-affiliated Corporate and Foundation Alliance. Panoff received his M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in theoretical physics from Washington University in St. Louis, with both pre- and postdoctoral work at the Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences at New York University. Wofford College awarded Panoff an honorary doctor of science degree in recognition of his leadership in computational science education.

Mitch Resnick, a professor of learning research at the MIT Media Lab, develops new technologies to engage people (especially children) in creative learning experiences. His Lifelong Kindergarten research group developed the “programmable bricks” that were the basis for the LEGO Mindstorms robotics kits, and he co-founded the Computer Clubhouse network of after-school learning centers for youth from low-income communities. Resnick’s group recently developed a programming language and online community called Scratch (http://scratch.mit.edu), which enables children to create their own interactive stories, games, animations, and simulations—and share their creations online. In the process, children learn to think creatively, reason systematically, and work collaboratively. Resnick earned a B.S. in physics from Princeton University and an M.S. and a Ph.D. in computer science from MIT. He worked for 5 years as a science and technology journalist for Business Week magazine, and he has consulted around the world on the uses of new technologies in education. He is the author or co-author of several books, including Turtles, Termites, and Traffic Jams.

Christina Schwarz is an associate professor of teacher education at Michigan State University. Her research centers on teaching and learning science and the role that technology might play in this process. She focuses specifically on inquiry-oriented and model-centered constructivist learning environments, particularly at the elementary and middle school lev-

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

els. Her current research involves helping students and teachers develop an understanding of scientific practices such as inquiry and modeling and helping them learn how to engage in those practices. Other interests include teacher and student learning progressions, frameworks for teaching science, educational technology, science teaching and learning in urban schools, science curriculum development and evaluation, and the history and philosophy of science. Schwarz received her Ph.D. from the University of California, Berkeley.

Jim Slotta, a professor at the University of Toronto’s Ontario Institute for Studies in Education, teaches a graduate-level course titled “Special Topics: Doctoral Level: Technology, Cognition and Instruction.” He has been involved in a group research project to encourage school district partners to use technology in classrooms. He is a recipient of the IBM Faculty Award for e-Learning Design, 2003. Slotta has received a variety of grants from public and private organizations. Currently, he is co-principal investigator of several funded research projects, including a 3-year NSF-funded project titled “Partnership Model for Integrating Technology, Curriculum, and Professional Development in Response to New Science Assessments,” a 5-year NSF-funded project titled “The Educational Accelerator Center: Technology-Enhanced Learning in Science (TELS),” and a 2-year German DFC-funded research project titled “NetCoIL: Scientific Network for Collaborative Inquiry Learning.”

Matthew Stone is an associate professor in the Department of Computer Science and Center for Cognitive Science at Rutgers University. He received his Ph.D. in 1998 in computer and information science from the University of Pennsylvania. He was a postdoctoral fellow at Rutgers from 1998 to 1999 and joined the faculty in 1999. From 2005 to 2006 he was a visiting fellow in the School of Informatics at the University of Edinburgh. He serves on the editorial board of the journals Computational Linguistics and Artificial Intelligence and just served as program co-chair for the 2007 North American Association for Computational Linguistics Human Language Technology Conference. His research is funded by the NSF.

Robert Tinker has, for 30 years, pioneered research on innovative approaches to education that exploit technology. The initial development of probeware for learning based on real-time measurements was performed in his group. His team at TERC was the first to develop “network science” for dispersed science investigations. The initial result of this work was the NGS Kids Network, a groundbreaking curriculum that was the first to make extensive use of student collaboration and data sharing. Fifteen years ago he founded the non-profit Concord Consortium

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

to concentrate on innovative applications of technology in education. The Concord Consortium developed some of the earliest professional development based on online courses. This led to the establishment of the Virtual High School, a fully accredited high school that has a unique low-cost cooperative design. Current work focuses on sophisticated simulations in science, probeware, and handhelds, and applications of these technologies to pressing educational issues, with a particular focus on underrepresented students. A current focus is applying technology to monitoring student progress and to supporting diverse learners. The open-source, free technologies emerging from the Concord Consortium are being integrated into learning modules that offer a glimpse of what inquiry-based education could look like in a few years. Tinker earned his Ph.D. in experimental low-temperature physics from MIT and has taught college physics for 10 years. His focus on education developed as a result of teaching at Stillman College, a historically African American college in Alabama.

Stephen Uzzo is vice president of technology at the New York Hall of Science, where he focuses on a number of projects related to science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) learning; sustainability; and network science, including “Connections: the Nature of Networks,” a public exhibition on network science that opened in 2004. He was also the local organizer for the 2007 International Conference and Workshop on Network Science. In addition to his work at the Hall of Science, Uzzo serves on the faculty of the New York Institute of Technology Graduate School of Education, where he teaches STEM teaching and learning. During the 1980s, he worked on a number of media and technology projects. In 1981, he was part of the launch team for MTV and was appointed chief engineer for video/computer graphics production and distance learning networks for the NYIT Video Center in 1984. Other projects during that period included the first all-digital satellite television transmission, best practices group for the NBC Summer Olympic Games in Barcelona, and a team of scientists and engineers at the Space Studies Institute at Princeton to develop and test lunar teleoperations simulators. During the 1990s, Uzzo served on numerous advisory boards for educational institutions, as well as facilitating major technology initiatives among K-12 public/private schools, higher education, and government to improve STEM literacy. His work on various projects important to conservation includes ecosystems studies that were instrumental in blocking offshore oil drilling in New York waters and a cross-sound bridge in Oyster Bay, as well as cleanup planning for Superfund sites. He has worked on preservation and open space projects on Long Island and the San Francisco Bay Peninsula. He holds a Ph.D. in network theory and environmental studies from the Union Institute.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

Michelle Williams is an assistant professor of science education in the Department of Teacher Education at Michigan State University. Her research focuses on both teaching and learning in science and technology education. She recently received a National Science Foundation Faculty Early Career Development Award titled “CAREER: Tracing Children’s Developing Understanding of Heredity over Time.” Williams’ current work explores how upper elementary and middle school students develop coherent understandings of genetic inheritance and related ideas within and across successive grades using the Web-based Inquiry Science Environment. She earned a B.B.A. in marketing from the University of Texas at Austin in 1992 and an M.A. and a Ph.D. in development in mathematics and science from the University of California, Berkeley, in 2001 and 2004.

Jeannette Wing is the President’s Professor of Computer Science in the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon University. From 2004 to 2007, she was head of the Computer Science Department at Carnegie Mellon University. From 2007 to 2010 she was the assistant director of the Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate at the National Science Foundation. Wing’s general research interests are in the areas of specification and verification, concurrent and distributed systems, programming languages, and software engineering. Her current focus is on the foundations of trustworthy computing, with specific interests in security and privacy. She published a viewpoint article in the March 2006 issue of Communications of the Association for Computing Machinery entitled “Computational Thinking.” Wing received her S.B., S.M., and Ph.D. from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.

Ursula Wolz is an associate professor of computer science and interactive multimedia at the College of New Jersey, is the principal investigator for the NSF program Broadening Participation in Computing via Community Journalism for Middle Schoolers, and was the principal investigator for a Microsoft Research project on multidisciplinary game development. She is a recognized computer science educator with a broad range of publications who has taught students including disabled children, urban teachers, and elite undergraduates for more than 30 years. She is a co-founder of the Interactive Multimedia Program at the College of New Jersey. She has a background in computational linguistics, with a Ph.D. in computer science from Columbia University, a master’s degree in computing in education from Columbia Teachers College, and a bachelor’s degree from MIT, where she was part of Seymour Papert’s Logo group at the very beginning of research on constructivist computing environments.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

B.3 STAFF

Herbert S. Lin, the study director, is chief scientist for the National Research Council’s Computer Science and Telecommunications Board, where he has been a study director for major projects on public policy and information technology. These studies include a 1996 study on national cryptography policy (Cryptography’s Role in Securing the Information Society), a 1991 study on the future of computer science (Computing the Future), a 1999 study of Defense Department systems for command, control, communications, computing, and intelligence (Realizing the Potential of C4I: Fundamental Challenges), a 2000 study on workforce issues in high technology (Building a Workforce for the Information Economy), a 2002 study on protecting kids from Internet pornography and sexual exploitation (Youth, Pornography, and the Internet), a 2004 study on aspects of the FBI’s information technology modernization program (A Review of the FBI’s Trilogy IT Modernization Program), a 2005 study on electronic voting (Asking the Right Questions About Electronic Voting), a 2005 study on computational biology (Catalyzing Inquiry at the Interface of Computing and Biology), a 2007 study on privacy and information technology (Engaging Privacy and Information Technology in a Digital Age), a 2007 study on cybersecurity research (Toward a Safer and More Secure Cyberspace), a 2009 study on health care information technology (Computational Technology for Effective Health Care), and a 2009 study on cyberattack (Technology, Policy, Law, and Ethics Regarding U.S. Acquisition and Use of Cyberattack Capabilities). Before his NRC service, he was a professional staff member and staff scientist for the House Armed Services Committee (1986-1990), where his portfolio included defense policy and arms control issues. He received his doctorate in physics from MIT.

Enita A. Williams is an associate program officer with the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council. She formerly served as a research associate for the NRC’s Air Force Studies Board, where she supported a number of projects, including those of a standing committee for the Special Operations Command (SOCOM) and a standing committee for the intelligence community (TIGER). Prior to her work at the NRC, she served as a program assistant with the Scientific Freedom, Responsibility and Law Program of the American Association for the Advancement of Science, where she drafted the human enhancement workshop report. Ms. Williams graduated from Stanford University with a B.A. in public policy with a focus on science and technology policy and an M.A. in communications. She is currently pursuing a law degree at Georgetown University Law Center.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×

Shenae Bradley is a senior program assistant at the Computer Science and Telecommunications Board of the National Research Council. She currently provides support for the Committee on Sustaining Growth in Computing Performance, and has worked with the Committee on Wireless Technology Prospects and Policy Options, among others. She formerly served as an administrative assistant for the Ironworker Management Progressive Action Cooperative Trust and managed a number of apartment rental communities for Edgewood Management Corporation in the Maryland/DC/Delaware metropolitan areas. She is in the process of earning her B.S. in family studies from the University of Maryland at College Park.

Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×
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×
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×
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×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×
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×
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×
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×
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×
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×
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×
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×
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×
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×
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Suggested Citation:"Appendix B: Short Biographies of Committee Members, Workshop Participants, and Staff." National Research Council. 2011. Report of a Workshop on the Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. doi: 10.17226/13170.
×
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×
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In 2008, the Computer and Information Science and Engineering Directorate of the National Science Foundation asked the National Research Council (NRC) to conduct two workshops to explore the nature of computational thinking and its cognitive and educational implications. The first workshop focused on the scope and nature of computational thinking and on articulating what "computational thinking for everyone" might mean. A report of that workshop was released in January 2010.

Drawing in part on the proceedings of that workshop, Report of a Workshop of Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking, summarizes the second workshop, which was held February 4-5, 2010, in Washington, D.C., and focuses on pedagogical considerations for computational thinking. This workshop was structured to gather pedagogical inputs and insights from educators who have addressed computational thinking in their work with K-12 teachers and students. It illuminates different approaches to computational thinking and explores lessons learned and best practices.

Individuals with a broad range of perspectives contributed to this report. Since the workshop was not intended to result in a consensus regarding the scope and nature of computational thinking, Report of a Workshop of Pedagogical Aspects of Computational Thinking does not contain findings or recommendations.

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