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Study Committee
Biographical Information
Emil H. Frankel, Chair, is the Director of Transportation Policy for the
Bipartisan Policy Center in Washington, D.C., and an independent con-
sultant on transportation policy and public management issues. He was
a Principal Consultant of Parsons Brinckerhoff, the international engi-
neering and consulting firm, from 2005 to 2007. From 2002 to 2005, he
was Assistant Secretary for Transportation Policy of the U.S. Department
of Transportation. In this position, he played a key role in the coordina-
tion and development of the Bush administration’s proposal to reautho-
rize the federal highway, transit, and highway safety programs. He also
provided policy leadership in such areas as intermodal freight transpor-
tation, reform of the nation’s intercity passenger rail system, transporta-
tion project financing, and the application of information technologies to
transportation systems operations. From 1991 to 1995, he was Commis-
sioner of the Connecticut Department of Transportation, and from 1995
to 2001 he was Of Counsel to Day, Berry and Howard (now Day Pitney)
in the law firm’s office in Stamford, Connecticut. At various times, he
held appointments as Visiting Lecturer at both the Yale School of Man-
agement and the Yale School of Forestry and Environmental Studies,
where he taught on issues of transportation, energy, environmental pol-
icy, and public management. In 1995 he was a Joint Fellow of the Center
for Business and Government and of the Taubman Center for State and
Local Government at Harvard University’s John F. Kennedy School of
Government. From 1981 to 1984 and from 1985 to 1997 he was a Trustee
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199
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200 Policy Options for Reducing Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Transportation
of Wesleyan University, where he is now a Trustee Emeritus. Mr. Frankel
received his bachelor’s degree from Wesleyan University and his LLB
from Harvard Law School, and he was a Fulbright Scholar at Manchester
University in the United Kingdom.
Victoria Arroyo is Executive Director of the Georgetown University Cli-
mate Center and Visiting Professor of Law. Before joining the Climate
Center in 2008, she was Director of Policy Analysis for the Pew Center
on Global Climate Change, a position she held since the center’s incep-
tion in 1998. In that capacity, she directed the center’s domestic program,
developing policy positions and overseeing analytical work on domes-
tic policy issues, economics, and environmental impacts. She practiced
environmental law in the firm Kilpatrick Stockton from 1994 to 1998 and
previously worked for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
overseeing the development of air toxics standards in the Office of Air
and Radiation and reviewing development of criteria air pollutant regu-
lations in the Office of Research and Development. From 1988 to 1991,
she was the Director of Policy Analysis for the Louisiana Department
of Environmental Quality and served as the Governor’s Environmen-
tal Adviser. She has written extensively on issues of climate policy and
serves on the Editorial Board of the Climate Policy Journal. She was Man-
aging Editor of the Pew Center’s book Climate Change: Science, Strate-
gies, and Solutions. She has previously taught courses in environmental
policy and climate change at Catholic University of America and George
Mason University’s School of Public Policy. Ms. Arroyo received a BS
from Emory University, an MPA from Harvard University, and a JD from
Georgetown University Law Center.
George C. Eads is retired Vice President of Charles River Associates (CRA),
Inc. Before joining CRA in 1995, he held several positions at General
Motors Corporation, including Vice President and Chief Economist, Vice
President of Worldwide Economics and Market Analysis, and Vice Presi-
dent of Product Planning and Economics. Before joining General Motors,
he was Dean of the School of Public Affairs at the University of Maryland,
College Park. He served as a Member of President Carter’s Council of Eco-
nomic Advisors. He has been involved in numerous projects concerning
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201
Study Committee Biographical Information
transportation and energy. He was a member of President Clinton’s pol-
icy dialogue on reducing greenhouse gas emissions from personal motor
vehicles and coauthored the World Energy Council’s 1998 report Global
Transport and Energy Development: The Scope for Change. In recent years,
he has devoted much of his time to the World Business Council for Sus-
tainable Development’s Sustainable Mobility Project, which is funded and
carried out by 12 leading international automotive and energy companies.
He was lead consultant during the latter stages of the project and drafted
its final report, Mobility 2030: Meeting the Challenges to Sustainability. He
is a member of the National Research Council’s (NRC’s) Committee on
America’s Climate Choices and served on the project’s panel on mitigat-
ing climate change. He is an at-large Director of the National Bureau of
Economic Research and a member of the Presidents’ Circle at the National
Academies. Dr. Eads received a PhD in economics from Yale University.
John M. German is Senior Fellow at the International Council for Clean
Transportation (ICCT), a position he has held since 2008. Before join-
ing ICCT, he was Manager of Environmental and Energy Analysis for
American Honda Motor Company, which he joined in 1998. He has been
active in the field of advanced technology for fuel economy since begin-
ning his career with Chrysler in 1977. At Chrysler, he spent 8 years in the
Powertrain Engineering division working primarily on technologies for
improved fuel economy. After leaving Chrysler, he worked for 13 years
conducting research in support of regulations at EPA’s Office of Mobile
Sources laboratory in Ann Arbor, Michigan. He has authored numerous
technical papers and a Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) book on
hybrid gasoline–electric vehicles. He was the first recipient of the Barry
D. McNutt award, presented annually by SAE for excellence in auto-
motive policy analysis. Mr. German received a BS in physics from the
University of Michigan.
Lance R. Grenzeback is Senior Vice President at Cambridge Systematics,
Inc., a transportation management consulting firm specializing in transpor-
tation policy, planning, and economics. For the Federal Highway Admin-
istration, he played a lead role in the development of the Freight Analysis
Framework, the first comprehensive assessment of national truck, rail, and
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202 Policy Options for Reducing Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Transportation
waterborne freight flows and the economic benefits of freight systems. He
helped develop the Intelligent Transportation Systems Commercial Vehicle
Operations Program and the Commercial Vehicle Information Systems and
Networks Program for the U.S. Department of Transportation. Mr. Grenze-
back was the lead author of the American Association of State Highway and
Transportation Officials’ Freight Transportation Bottom Line Reports, which
cover freight demand and logistics, highway freight, rail freight, and water-
borne freight. For the Association of American Railroads and the National
Surface Transportation Policy Commission, he led the National Rail Freight
Infrastructure Capacity and Investment Study, a landmark assessment of the
long-term capacity expansion needs of the continental U.S. freight railroads.
He directed the U.S. Chamber of Commerce’s report on Future Highway and
Public Transportation Finance. Mr. Grenzeback has served on two Trans-
portation Research Board (TRB) standing committees (the Urban Freight
Transportation Committee and the Regional Transportation Systems Man-
agement and Operations Committee) and on special committees (the Com-
mittee for a Future Strategy for Transportation Information Management
and the Committee on Strategies for Improved Passenger and Freight Travel
Data). Mr. Grenzeback holds a bachelor’s degree in government and a mas-
ter’s degree in city planning and economics, both from Harvard.
Anthony D. Greszler is Vice President for Advanced Engineering at
Volvo Powertrain North America, where he has worked since 2001. He
is responsible for powertrain concept development for Mack and Volvo
Trucks North America. Previous responsibilities included development
of the Mack ETECH, ASET, and E7 natural gas engine and development of
new engines to meet U.S. 2007 and 2010 emissions requirements. Before
joining Volvo, he worked for Cummins Engine Company for 24 years
on the design and development of heavy-duty diesel engines, including
2 years in Europe on N14 and L10 engines and 8 years as M11 and natural
gas engine chief engineer. He serves on the Executive Committee of the
Engine Manufacturers Association. He has appeared at numerous con-
ferences on heavy-duty diesel engine emissions and efficiency improve-
ment, commercial truck fuel efficiency, and carbon dioxide reduction in
truck transport. Mr. Greszler has a BS and an MS in mechanical engi-
neering from Case Western Reserve University.
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203
Study Committee Biographical Information
W. Michael Hanemann is Chancellor’s Professor of Environmental and
Resource Economics in the Department of Agricultural and Resource
Economics, University of California, Berkeley, where he has been on the
faculty since 1976. His research has focused on aspects of modeling indi-
vidual choice behavior with applications to demand forecasting, envi-
ronmental regulation, and economic valuation. He is a leading authority
on the methodology of nonmarket valuation using techniques of both
revealed and stated preference and has written extensively on measuring
and valuing environmental preferences. He has worked extensively on
the economics of water resources and the economics of climate change.
He has served on the NRC Planning Committee for the Potential Impacts
of Climate Change on Human Health and the Committee on Prospective
Benefits of U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Energy Efficiency and
Fossil Energy R&D Programs. Dr. Hanemann received a BS from Oxford
University, an MS in economics from the London School of Economics,
an MA in public finance and decision theory from Harvard University,
and a PhD in economics from Harvard University.
Henry Lee is Lecturer in Public Policy and the Jassim Jaidah Director of
the Environment and Natural Resources Program in the Belfer Center
for Science and International Affairs, John F. Kennedy School of Govern-
ment, Harvard University. He is cochair of the school’s Program on Infra-
structure in a Market Economy and coprincipal investigator of the Energy,
Technology, and Policy Project. Before joining JFK, he spent 9 years as
Director of the Massachusetts Energy Office and Special Assistant to the
Governor for Environmental Policy. He has served on numerous state, fed-
eral, and private advisory committees and boards focusing on both energy
and environmental issues. His recent research interests focus on environ-
mental management, energy policy, climate change, the geopolitics of oil
and gas, and public infrastructure projects in developing countries. He has
recently written several articles on China’s oil strategies and coauthored
the discussion paper “Policy Options for Reducing Oil Consumption and
Greenhouse-Gas Emissions from the U.S. Transportation Sector.”
Virginia McConnell is Senior Fellow in the Quality of the Environ-
ment Division of Resources for the Future, Inc. She is also a Professor
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204 Policy Options for Reducing Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Transportation
of Economics at the University of Maryland, Baltimore County. Her
recent work has centered on the evaluation of policies to reduce motor
vehicle pollution, including the analysis of inspection and maintenance
programs, old-car scrap programs, and emissions taxes. She is a mem-
ber of the EPA Advisory Council on Clean Air Compliance Analysis and
has served on several other EPA advisory committees. She has analyzed
market-based policies for improving land use and the impact of envi-
ronmental regulations on industry productivity. She served on the NRC
Committee on Vehicle Emission Inspection and Maintenance Programs
and the Committee on State Practices in Setting Mobile Source Emis-
sions Standards. Dr. McConnell received a BS in economics from Smith
College and a PhD in economics from the University of Maryland.
Donald L. Paul is the Executive Director of the University of Southern Cali-
fornia (USC) Energy Institute, where he also holds the William M. Keck
Chair in Energy Resources. The USC Energy Institute was launched in 2008
to create a university-based framework to support and expand opportu-
nities in energy-related research and education, energy system and infra-
structure demonstrations, and public policy development. Before joining
the faculty of USC, he served as Vice President and Chief Technology Offi-
cer at Chevron. During 33 years at Chevron, he held a variety of positions in
research and technology, exploration and production operations, and exec-
utive management, including service as president of Chevron’s Canadian
subsidiary. In 2010, he was appointed to the National Petroleum Council
and the Schlumberger Limited Technology Committee. He continues to
serve on a number of university and public- and private-sector advisory
boards and committees and holds an appointment as Senior Advisor for the
Center for Strategic and International Studies. Dr. Paul was recently recog-
nized for his career contributions as a recipient of the USC Viterbi School
of Engineering’s Distinguished Service Award and an honorary doctorate of
engineering from the Colorado School of Mines. He earned a BS in applied
mathematics, a master’s degree in geology and geophysics, and a PhD in
geophysics, all from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
John M. Samuels, Jr. (Member, National Academy of Engineering), is
President of Revenue Variable Engineering, LLC, and former Senior Vice
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Study Committee Biographical Information
President for Operations, Planning, and Support, Norfolk Southern Rail-
way. He previously served as Vice President for Operations Planning and
Budget at Norfolk Southern and Vice President of Operating Assets for
Conrail. He was on the Pennsylvania State University industrial engi-
neering faculty from 1968 until 1978, when he joined Conrail as a direc-
tor of shop industrial engineering with responsibility for continuous
quality improvement, engineering, mechanical operations, and operat-
ing assets. He joined Norfolk Southern Railroad in 1998. He served as
chair of the North American Railway Technology Working Committee
and the North American Joint Positive Train Control Project. He was a
member of the TRB Executive Committee from 1998 to 2003, chaired the
Executive Committee in 2001, and has been a member of the Council of
Industrial Engineering of the Institute of Industrial Engineers since 1982.
He was elected to the National Academy of Engineering in 1996, cited for
engineering and leadership in system revitalization of rail freight trans-
portation. Dr. Samuels received a BS from the GMI Engineering and
Management Institute (now Kettering University) and an MS and a PhD
from the Pennsylvania State University.
Daniel Sperling is Professor of Civil Engineering and Environmental
Science and founding Director of the Institute of Transportation Studies
at the University of California, Davis, where he has been a member of
the faculty since 1982. He is a member of the California Air Resources
Board and an expert on transportation technology assessment, energy
and environmental aspects of transportation, and transportation pol-
icy. He has authored or coauthored more than 150 technical papers
and reports on policy and analytic aspects of alternative automotive
propulsion systems. He has served on numerous NRC committees and
was founding chair of the TRB Committee on Alternative Transporta-
tion Fuels. He authored the book Two Billion Cars and coedited Driving
Climate Change: Cutting Carbon from Transportation. He is a contribu-
tor to Working Group III of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate
Change and was a lead author of Chapter 5, Transport and Its Infrastruc-
ture, in the Fourth Assessment Report: Mitigation of Climate Change.
In 2010, Dr. Sperling was awarded the 16th annual Heinz Award from
the Theresa Heinz and Heinz Family Foundation in honor of his career
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206 Policy Options for Reducing Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Transportation
achievements in research into alternative transportation fuels and his
responsibility for the adoption of cleaner transportation policies in Cal-
ifornia and across the United States. Dr. Sperling received a BS from
Cornell University and a PhD in transportation engineering from the
University of California, Berkeley.
Brian D. Taylor is Professor and Chair of the Department of Urban
Planning and Director of the Institute of Transportation Studies at the
University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA). His research centers
on transportation policy and planning, with a focus on the politics of
transportation finance, including the history of freeway planning and
finance; equity in highway pricing and finance; and the pricing, finance,
and performance of public transit systems. His research also examines
travel behavior, including the effects of congestion on travel choices, cog-
nitive mapping, the burdens of transferring among modes, and patterns
of driving and public transit use by those with limited access to private
vehicles. Most recently he has examined the effects of external forces—
terrorism threats, popular discontent with congestion, global climate
change, and so forth—on transportation policy and planning. He holds
a BA in geography from UCLA, an MS in civil engineering and MCP in
City and Regional Planning from the University of California, Berkeley,
and a PhD in urban planning from UCLA. He is a member of the Ameri-
can Institute of Certified Planners.
Kathleen C. Taylor (Member, National Academy of Engineering) is retired
Director of the Materials and Processes Laboratory of General Motors
Corporation. In that position she oversaw the research conducted by more
than 100 engineers and scientists in the fields of polymer composites, paint
systems, metallurgy, corrosion, protective and wear-resistant coatings, tri-
bology, light metals, magnetics, and optical materials. She was simultane-
ously Chief Scientist for General Motors of Canada, Ltd. Earlier, she was
Department Head for Physics and Physical Chemistry and Department
Head for Environmental Sciences. She serves on the Board of Directors
of the National Inventors Hall of Fame, the DOE Hydrogen and Fuel Cell
Technical Advisory Committee, and the DOE Basic Energy Sciences Advi-
sory Committee. She was awarded the Garvan Medal from the American
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207
Study Committee Biographical Information
Chemical Society. She was elected to the National Academy of Engineer-
ing in recognition of her contributions to the development of automotive-
exhaust catalytic systems and leadership in battery materials and fuel cell
research. She is a fellow of SAE International and a foreign member of the
Indian National Academy of Engineering. She has been president of the
Materials Research Society and chair of the board of directors of the Gor-
don Research Conferences. She served on NRC’s Committee for a Review
of the FreedomCAR and Fuel Research Program and was a member of the
Board on Energy and Environmental Systems. Dr. Taylor received an AB
in chemistry from Douglass College and a PhD in physical chemistry from
Northwestern University.
Ian A. Waitz is the Jerome C. Hunsaker Professor in the Department of
Aeronautics and Astronautics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technol-
ogy (MIT) and Director of the Partnership for Air Transportation Noise
and Emissions Reduction. His principal area of interest is the modeling
and evaluation of climate, local air quality, and noise impacts of aviation,
including assessment of technological, operational, and policy options
for mitigating these impacts. He has written more than 60 technical pub-
lications in his field, including a report to Congress on aviation and its
impacts on the environment. He holds three patents and has consulted
for many organizations. From 2002 to 2005 he served as Deputy Head
of the Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics. He is a Fellow of
the American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics (AIAA) and has
served as an editor for the AIAA’s Journal of Propulsion and Power. He was
awarded the Federal Aviation Administration 2007 Excellence in Avia-
tion Research Award. He was honored with the 2002 MIT Class of 1960
Innovation in Education Award and an appointment as an MIT MacVicar
Faculty Fellow in 2003. He is a member of NRC’s Steering Committee
on Technology for a Quieter America. Dr. Waitz received a BS from the
Pennsylvania State University, an MS from George Washington Univer-
sity, and a PhD from the California Institute of Technology.
James J. Winebrake is Professor and Dean of the College of Liberal Arts
at the Rochester Institute of Technology (RIT). His has published exten-
sively on alternative fuels and transportation technologies, including
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208 Policy Options for Reducing Energy Use and Greenhouse Gas Emissions from U.S. Transportation
emissions characteristics of alternative fuels, life-cycle analysis, technol-
ogy forecasting and assessment, and environmental impacts of freight. He
is also Director of the University–National Park Energy Partnership Pro-
gram and Co-Director of the RIT Laboratory for Environmental Comput-
ing and Decision Making. Before joining the faculty of RIT in 2002, he
was Associate Professor in the Integrated Science and Technology Depart-
ment of James Madison University (JMU). Concurrent with his position
at JMU, he held a special term appointment as an energy systems analyst
at Argonne National Laboratory in the Energy Systems Division of the
Center for Transportation Research. From 1993 to 1995, he was a policy
specialist in the U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Energy Efficiency
and Renewable Energy. He holds a BS in physics from Lafayette Col-
lege, an MS in technology and policy from the Massachusetts Institute
of Technology, and a PhD in energy management and policy from the
University of Pennsylvania.
