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OCR for page 135
Index
A
Advanced Nuclear Sy~terru for Portable
Power ire Space, 8
Air Force, 7, 77
Alcoa, 77
Alert mode
definition of power requirements, 1,
10, 22, 67, 129, 132
nuclear power, 29-30
power requirements, 1, 2, 3, 4, lo,
16, 22, 76, 100
Alkali-metal thermoelectric
converter, 15
Allied Signal Company, 83
Alloys, 41, 72, 75, 83, 84-85
Alternators, 31, 53, 57, 58, 72, 76-78
Aluminum, 72, 77-78
Apollo program, 30, 32, 47
Architecture systems, 24
solar power structures, 30-31
see ~80 Space Power Architecture
System (SPAS)
Army Research and Development
Center-Kaman Company
(ARDEC-KAMAN), 77
Army (U.S.), 7, 77
B
Batteries, 15, 57
Beam weapons, 8CC Directed-energy
weapons
135
Brayton cycle, 29
architecture systems, 52, 56, 58-59,
60, 62
defined, 24
dynamic power conversion, 40, 75,
76
solar power, 31
structural material needs, 63
Burst mode
definition, 1, 10, 67
effluent effects, 3-4, 51, 132
mass and complexity factors, 18
nuclear power, 29
power requirements, 1-2, 3, 1o-ll,
16, 23, 99, 100, 13
power storage, 12
C
Capacitors, 78-79, 82, 96
Carbon-carbon composites, 63, 84
Ceramics, 74, 79, 82, 84
Chemical lasers, 11
Chemical power, 2, 32-33, 92, 95
deployment, 4, 100
effluents, 28, 30, 90
magnetohydrodynamics (MHD),
18, 24, 33-34, 53, 57, 90, 95
w. nuclear power, 30
Civil space missions, 1, 6, 14-15
Apollo program, 30, 32, 47
lunar missions, 15, 35
OCR for page 136
136
nuclear power and, 2, 14, 89, 131,
132-133
Skylab, 30
Space Shuttle, 32, 50, 121-128
Space Station, 8, 31, 56, 75-76, 98,
130
em also National Aeronautics and
Space Administration (NASA)
Closed-cycle power systems, 17-18,
29, 31, 52, 58-60
defined, 24-25
effluents, 63, 99
mass factors, 43, 49, 58, 63, 76, 99
see also Brayton cycle; Rankine
cycle; Stirling cycle
Coatings, 85
Colladay, Raymond S., 7
Command, communications, and
control systems, 10
Committee on Advanced Nuclear
Systems, 7
Committee on Advanced Space
Based High Power Technologies
expertise and methodology, 6-8
Communications, 10, 13
Conductors, 71-72, 79
superconductors, 4, 64-65, 72-75,
77, 78, 89, 90
Convention on International
Liability for Damage Caused by
Space Objects, 38-39
Cooling systems, Cc Heat transfer
and rejection
Copper, 72
Cost factors, 2, 3, 5, 16, 67, 87, 130,
131
heat transfer and rejection systems,
69, 70
life cycle and survivability, 19, 20,
85
Cryogenics, 32-33, 77
power needs, 10
storage of hydrogen and oxygen, 4,
85
D
Data bases, 19-20
Defense Advanced Research Projects
Agency, 40
Defense Nuclear Agency, 78-79
INDEX
Department of Defense,
interdepartmental initiatives, 5,
40, 64, 93, 100, 134; Cc also
Strategic Defense Initiative
Organization (SDIO)
Department of Energy,
interdepartmental initiatives, 5,
40, 64, 92, 100, 134
Deutch, John M., 8
Directed-energy weapons, 1, 3, 9, 12,
22-23, 88, 90
Dynamic isotope power sources, 40
EEarth orbit, Cc Geosynchronous
orbit; Low earth orbit; Orbiting
systems; Platforms
Electrical power, battle alert and
burst-mode needs, 2, 16
Electric propulsion, 13
Electromagnetic transmissions, 4, 8,
28, 45-46
free-electron lasers, 11, 89, 90, 122
lasers, 2, 11, 45-46, 130
microwave transmission, 2, 45-46,
130
Energy conversion, sec Power
conversion
Energy storage, 16, 17, 28
alert mode, 10
burst mode, 12
ground-based, 3
propellants, 32
superconducting magnetic energy
storage, 74-75, 89, 90
thermal w. battery, 15
Energy weapons
directed-energy, 1, 3, 9, 12, 22-23,
88, 90
kinetic energy, 9, 11, 90
Environmental factors, 85
effluents effects, 3-4, 22, 26, 28, 30,
43, 47-48, 49-51, 63, 70, 90, 99,
121-128, 131, 132
international law, 38-39
National Environmental
Act, 4, 44, 132
nuclear power, 30, 36-39, 43, 44
orbital hazards to SDI, 16-17,
46-47, 48
Policy
OCR for page 137
INDEX
Excimer lasers, 11
F
Fiscal issues, 4,89,98-loo
SDIO budget, 87-88, gl-99, 131
Bee also Cost factors
Fordyce, J. Stuart, 7
Free-electron lasers, 11, 89, go, 122
G
General Electric, 34,53, 57, 77,83,
122
Geosynchronous orbit, 12,46
Gravity, see Microgravity
Ground-based systems, 2,5,8,27,
44-46
lasers, 11, 89
weapons, 12
Ground engineering systems, SP-100,
41-42
H
Heat transfer and rejection, 13,16,
24,28,29,68, 69-71, 79,85
closed- w. open-cycle systems, 29,
63
conductor coolants, 72
mass factors, 69, 70
SP-100 space reactor, 42
High-temperature materials, 63,79,
82
gas turbine solar power and, 75
magnetohydrodynamic systems, 34
SP-100 space reactor, 41
structural materials, 84-85
High-temperature superconductors,
64-65, 74,82
Housekeeping mode
power needs, 10, 29
I
Independent Evaluation Group, 7,
28,53,58,96
Insulation (electric and thermal), 79,
83-84,132
battle burst-mode effects, 4
cryogenics, 33
mass problems, 48-49, 79,82
137
solar power and, 31,48-49
International law, 38-39
Investment issues, 4,87-88,89,
91-97,98-100,13
J
Jet Propulsion Laboratory, 14
K
Kinetic energy weapons, 9, 11, 90
L
Lasers, 2, 11, 45-46,130
free-electron lasers, 11, 89, go,122
Launch weight factors, 2,3,21,60,
67,131
Law, sec Statutes
Lidar, 11
Life-cycle factors, sec Survivability
Low earth orbit, 12, 45
Lunar missions, 15,35
M
Magnetic energy storage, 74-75,89,
90
Magnetic fields, 31,49,79,86
superconductors and, 77
Magnetic materials, 83
Magnetohydrodynamics (MHD), 18,
24,33-34,53,57,90, 95
Martin-Marietta, Inc., 53,57,58,122
Mass/weight factors, 12, 78-79,85,
130-131
chemical power systems, 32
closed-cycle systems, 43,49,53,
58-60,63,76,99
cryogenics, 33,60
effluents from power systems and,
50-51,63,99,130
ground-based power beaming, 45
heat rejection equipment, 28-29,
69, 70
insulation, 48, 79,82
launch weight factors, 2,3,21,60,
67,131
lunar power systems, 35
nuclear power systems, 35,40
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138
open-cycle systems, 53-55, 58-59,
63, 99, 131
sensitivity for system choice, 17-18
solar power systems, 30, 31, 35
superconductors and, 73
survivability v`., 21
Materials technology, 17, 82, 83-85,
131
alloys, 41, 72, 75, 83, 84-85
ceramics, 74, 79, 82, 84
coatings, 85
conductors, 71-72, 79
high-temperature materials, 34, 41,
63, 75, 79, 82, 84-85
high-temperature superconductors,
64-65, 74, 82
NASA civil space missions, 14
semiconductors, 84
SP-100 space reactor, 41
structural materials, 63, 84-85
superconductors, 4, 64-65, 72-75,
77, 78, 89, 90
Metallic glasses, 83
Microgravity, 79
Microwave transmission, 2, 45-46,
130
Military space missions (non-SDI)
nuclear power (SP-100), 2, 89, 131
132-133
power requirements, 13-14, 15
Strategic Defense Initiative, sec
Alert mode; Burst mode
Models, of subsystem components,
19-20
Molybdenum, 75
N
National Aeronautics and Space
Administration (NASA), 6, 7-8,
14-15, 35, 93, 99, 130, 131
interdepartmental initiatives, 5, 40,
93, 100, 134
National Environmental Policy Act,
4, 44, 132
National Research Council, 8
National Science Foundation, 64-65
Neutral-particle beams, 50, 122-128
Niobium, 75
Nitze criteria, 20
INDEX
Nonmilitary space missions, see Civil
· ~
space missions
Nuclear power, 34-44, 87
alert mode, 10, 29-30
burst mode, 29
civil missions, 2, 14, 89, 131
deployment schedule, 44, 130
fusion reactors, 28-29, 44
high-temperature materials, 79
non-SDI military missions, 13-14
reactors in space, 2, 17, 24, 26,
28-29, 34, 36, 38, 40-44, 53, 57,
130; dCC ~80 SNAP-1OA; SP-100
safety and environmental factors,
30, 36-39, 40, 42, 43, 44
o
Open-cycle power systems, 2, 17-19,
30, 49, 52, 61
cryogens and, 32
defined, 25-26
effluents, 43, 47, 4050, 63, 131
mass factors, 53-55, 58-59, 63, 131
Orbiting systems
battle burst-mode effects on, 3-4
co-orbiting power sources, 46
geosynchronous orbit, 12, 46
low earth orbit, 12, 45
magnetohydrodynamic system
perturbations, 34
platforms, 3, 4, 11-12, 67, 87, 88,
97, 100, 131-132
reactors in space, 2, 17, 24, 26,
28-29, 34, 36, 38, 40-44, 53, 57,
130; sec also SNAP-1OA; SP-100
Outer Space Treaty, 38
A
Particle beams, 11
Payloads, JCC Mass/weight factors
Photovoltaic power, 14, 3~31; JCC
also Solar power
Plasma physics, arc Space plasma
Platforms, 3, 67, 87, 88, 97, 100, 131
burst-mode eEects on sensors, 4,
132
deployment, 4
energy requirements, 11-12
Pollution, sec Environmental factors
OCR for page 139
INDEX
Power conversion, 16, 17, 68, 70, 99,
130
directed-energy weapons, 12
dynamic, 40, 75-82
magnetohydrodynamics, 33
solar-dynamic w. solar cell, 15
see also Closed-cycle power systems;
Open-cycle power systems
Power subsystems, sec Subsystems
Power transmission, 16
ground-based sources, 44-46
source-to-load relations, 12-13
Propulsion
electric, 13
SDI applications to non-SDI
missions, 15
storage of propellants, 32
Pulse generators, 65-66, 82, 88, 89
R
Radar, 11-12
Radioisotope thermoelectric
generators (RTGs), 34, 37, 39
Radiators, sec Heat transfer and
rejection
Rankine cycle, 29
architecture systems, 52, 56, 58, 60,
62
defined, 24-25
dynamic power conversion, 40, 75,
76
solar power, 31
structural material needs, 63
Refractory materials, sec
High-temperature materials
Regulatory issues, Cc Statutes
S
Safety, nuclear systems, 30, 36-39,
40, 42, 43, 44
Semiconductors, 84
Sensors, 88
SDI effluent, effects on, 4, 22, 48,
50-51, 130, 131, 132
power requirements, 11, 16, 90
Skylab, 30
SNAP-1OA, 34, 36, 40
Solar power, 30-32, 88, 95
battle alert mode, 2
139
civil missions, 14-15
gas turbines, 75-76
insulation, 38-39
non-SDI military missions, 13-14
Soviet Union, ~
nuclear reactors in space, 34, 38
SP-100, 2, 4, 40-42, 43, 76, 88-89,
93, 99, 100, 132-133
thermal management, 28, 70
Space plasma
solar power systems and, 30-31, 48,
49, 51, 127
Space Plasma Experiments Aboard
Rockets (SPEAR), 48, 51
Space Power Architecture System
(SPAS), 3, 19, 52-63, 66-67, 89,
122, 125, 130, 132
dynamic power conversion, 75,
effluents, 26, 28
free-electron lasers, 11, 122
mass/weight issues, 12, 21, 34
open-cycle systems, 4050
Space Shuttle, 32, 50, 121-122,
125-128
Space Station, 8, 31, 56, 75-76, 99,
130
Statutes
Convention on International
Liability for Damage Caused by
Space Objects, 38-39
National Environmental Policy
Act, 4, 44, 132
nuclear reactors in space, 38
Outer Space Treaty, 38
Stirling cycle, 24-25, 31, 40, 41
Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI),
sec Alert mode; Burst mode;
Housekeeping mode
Strategic Defense Initiative
Organization (SDIO), 79, 87, 91
budget, 87-88, 91-99, 131
integrated power technology, 16,
27-28
SP-100, 40, 92
studies, goals and methods, 6-7,
19, 34, 53, 58, 63, 90
survivability requirements, 5, 21,
134
Structural materials, 63
Subsystems, 19-20, 52-63, 66, 129
Superconductors, 4, 72-75, 77, 78
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140
high-temperature, 64-65, 74, 82
magnetic energy storage, 74-75, 89,
90
Surveillance, 13
Surveillance, Acquisition, Tracking,
and Kill Assessment, 9-10, 12
Survivability, 9, 17, 19, 20-22, 23,
48, 85, 99, 131-132
high-temperature applications and,
85
non-SDI military missions, 13
radiators, 71
SDIO requirements, 5, 12, 134
solar power systems, 31
SPAS studies, 53, 66, 130
. Symposium on Space Nuclear Power
Systems, 43
T
Tantalum, 75
Thermal management, 4, 17, 85, 97
heat transfer and rejection, 13, 16,
24, 28, 29, 42, 63, 68-72
Thermal storage, 15
Thermionic systems, 41, 52, 58
Thermodynamics
closed and open systems, 17-lg,
24-25
heat transfer and rejection, 13, 16,
24, 28, 29
INDEX
Thermoelectric power, 25, 41, 70, 76
Titan Rocket, 32
Tracking, 9, 10, 12, 13, 88
Treaty on Principles Governing the
Activities of States in the
Exploration and Use of Outer
Space, 38
TRW, Inc., 53, 57
Turbine technology, 22, 24, 28, 29,
31, 32, 52, 53, 57, 60, 75-76, 77,
29
U
United Nations, 38
Universities, 79
USSR, Cc Soviet Union
V
Vulnerability, 5, 19-22, 23, 131-132
ground-based systems, 45
radiators, 71
solar power systems, 31
W
Westinghouse, 77
White Sands Missile Range, 12
Representative terms from entire chapter:
alert mode
